Certain canonical resolutions are described for free associative and free Lie algebras in the category of non-associative algebras. These resolutions derive in both cases from geometric objects, which in turn reflect the combinatorics of suitable collections of leaf-labeled trees.

Suppose that $\g \in C^2\bigl([0,\infty)\bigr)$ is a real-valued function such that $\g(0)=\g'(0)=0$, and $\g''(t)\approx t^{m-2}$, for some integer $m\geq 2$. Let $\Gamma (t)=\bigl(t,\g(t)\bigr)$, $t>0$, be a curve in the plane, and let $d \lambda =dt$ be a measure on this curve. For a function $f$ on $\bR^2$, let $$ Tf(x)=(\lambda *f)(x)=\int_0^{\infty} f\bigl(x-\Gamma(t)\bigr)\,dt, \quad x\in\bR^2 . $$ An elementary proof is given for the optimal $L^p$-$L^q$ mapping properties of $T$.

A bounded linear operator $T$ on a Banach space $X$ is an abstract backward shift if the nullspace of $T$ is one dimensional, and the union of the null spaces of $T^k$ for all $k \geq 1$ is dense in $X$. In this paper it is shown that the commutant of an abstract backward shift is an integral domain. This result is used to derive properties of operators in the commutant.

Formulas for the Clarke subdifferential are always expressed in the form of inclusion. The equality form in these formulas generally requires the functions to be directionally regular. This paper studies the directional regularity of the general class of extended-real-valued functions that are directionally Lipschitzian. Connections with the concept of subdifferential regularity are also established.

We calculate the additive and multiplicative structure of the ring $K\bigl(S(T^*\R P^{2n+1})\bigr)$ using the eta invariant.

Let $G$ be a real Lie group and $X$ a real analytic manifold. Suppose that $G$ acts analytically on $X$ with finitely many orbits. Then the orbits are subanalytic in $X$. As a consequence we show that the micro-support of a $G$-equivariant sheaf on $X$ is contained in the conormal variety of the $G$-action.

The growth properties at infinity for eigenfunctions corresponding to embedded eigenvalues of the Neumann Laplacian on horn-like domains are studied. For domains that pinch at polynomial rate, it is shown that the eigenfunctions vanish at infinity faster than the reciprocal of any polynomial. For a class of domains that pinch at an exponential rate, weaker, $L^2$ bounds are proven. A corollary is that eigenvalues can accumulate only at zero or infinity.

Let $G$ be an arbitrary group and let $U$ be a subgroup of the normalized units in $\mathbb{Z}G$. We show that if $U$ contains $G$ as a subgroup of finite index, then $U = G$. This result can be used to give an alternative proof of a recent result of Marciniak and Sehgal on units in the integral group ring of a crystallographic group.

We prove that the $L^2$ restriction theorem, and $L^p \to L^{p'}$, $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{p'}=1$, boundedness of the surface averages imply certain geometric restrictions on the underlying hypersurface. We deduce that these bounds imply that a certain number of principal curvatures do not vanish.

The relative eta invariant of Atiyah-Patodi-Singer will be shown to be expressible in terms of the notion of Type~I and Type~II spectral flow.

We shall provide a characterization of all isoparametric hypersurfaces $M$'s in a real space form $\tilde{M}(c)$ by observing the extrinsic Wshape of geodesics of $M$ in the ambient manifold $\tilde{M}(c)$.

An explicit classification is given of blocks of cyclic defect of cyclotomic Schur algebras and of cyclotomic Hecke algebras, over discrete valuation rings.

In this note we give a proof of Lomonosov's extension of Burnside's theorem to infinite dimensional Banach spaces.

Let $G$ be a hermitian quaternionic group. We determine complementary series for representations of $G$ induced from super-cuspidal representations of a Levi factor of the Siegel maximal parabolic subgroup of $G$.

A counterexample is given to a conjecture of Ikeda by finding a class of Gorenstein rings of embedding dimension $3$ with larger Dilworth number than Sperner number. The Dilworth number of $A[Z/pZ\oplus Z/pZ]$ is computed when $A$ is an unramified principal Artin local ring.

We observe that any set of uniqueness for the Dirichlet space $\cD$ is a set of uniqueness for the class $S$ of normalized univalent holomorphic functions.

The Four Color Theorem says that the faces (or vertices) of a plane graph may be colored with four colors. Vizing's Theorem says that the edges of a graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ may be colored with $\Delta+1$ colors. In 1972, Kronk and Mitchem conjectured that the vertices, edges, and faces of a plane graph may be simultaneously colored with $\Delta+4$ colors. In this article, we give a simple proof that the conjecture is true if $\Delta \geq 6$.

An infinite family of perfect, non-extremal Riemann surfaces is constructed, the first examples of this type of surfaces. The examples are based on normal subgroups of the modular group $\PSL(2,{\sf Z})$ of level $6$. They provide non-Euclidean analogues to the existence of perfect, non-extremal positive definite quadratic forms. The analogy uses the function {\it syst\/} which associates to every Riemann surface $M$ the length of a systole, which is a shortest closed geodesic of $M$.

Soient $A$ un anneau noeth\'erien, $B$ un anneau r\'egulier essentiellement de type fini sur $A$. Si la cohomologie d'Andr\'e-Quillen $H^q (A,B,B) = 0$ pour tout $q \geq 2$ alors $A$ est un anneau r\'egulier.

Let $E$ be a stable rank 2 vector bundle on a smooth projective curve $X$ and $V(E)$ be the set of all rank~1 subbundles of $E$ with maximal degree. Here we study the varieties (non-emptyness, irreducibility and dimension) of all rank~2 stable vector bundles, $E$, on $X$ with fixed $\deg(E)$ and $\deg(L)$, $L \in V(E)$ and such that $\card \bigl( V(E) \bigr) \geq 2$ (resp. $\card \bigl( V(E) \bigr) = 2$).

We show that for $U$ and $V$ balanced open subsets of (Qno) Fr\'echet spaces $E$ and $F$ that we have the topological identity $$ \bigl( {\cal H}(U\times V), \tau_\omega \bigr) = \biggl( {\cal H} \Bigl( U; \bigl( {\cal H}(V), \tau_\omega \bigr) \Bigr), \tau_\omega \biggr). $$ Analogous results for the compact open topology have long been established. We also give an example to show that the (Qno) hypothesis on both $E$ and $F$ is necessary.

In this paper, we show that the absolute value of the signature of the $2$-parallel version of a link is less than or equal to the nullity of it and show that the signature, nullity, and Minkowski units of the $2$-parallel version of a certain class of links are always equal to $0$, $2$, and $1$ respectively.

We prove that Ornstein transformations are almost surely totally ergodic provided only that the cutting parameter is not bounded. We thus obtain a larger class of Ornstein transformations with the mixing property.

The purpose of this note is to give a simple combinatorial construction of the map from the canonically compactified moduli spaces of punctured complex projective lines to the moduli spaces $\P_r$ of polygons with fixed side lengths in the Euclidean space $\E^3$. The advantage of this construction is that one can obtain a complete set of linear relations among the cycles that generate homology of $\P_r$. We also classify moduli spaces of pentagons.

We show that the use of orbifold bundles enables some questions to be reduced to the case of flat bundles. The identification of moduli spaces of certain parabolic bundles over elliptic surfaces is achieved using this method.

We present a new, simple proof of the classical Abel-Jacobi theorem using some elementary gauge theoretic arguments.

If $A$ is a prime C$^*$-algebra, $a \in A$ and $\lambda$ is in the numerical range $W(a)$ of $a$, then for each $\varepsilon > 0$ there exists an element $h \in A$ such that $\norm{h} = 1$ and $\norm{h^* (a-\lambda)h} < \varepsilon$. If $\lambda$ is an extreme point of $W(a)$, the same conclusion holds without the assumption that $A$ is prime. Given any element $a$ in a von Neumann algebra (or in a general C$^*$-algebra) $A$, all normal elements in the weak* closure (the norm closure, respectively) of the C$^*$-convex hull of $a$ are characterized.

We show a result slightly more general than the following. Let $K$ be a compact Hausdorff space, $F$ a closed subset of $K$, and $d$ a lower semi-continuous metric on $K$. Then each continuous function $f$ on $F$ which is Lipschitz in $d$ admits a continuous extension on $K$ which is Lipschitz in $d$. The extension has the same supremum norm and the same Lipschitz constant. As a corollary we get that a Banach space $X$ is reflexive if and only if each bounded, weakly continuous and norm Lipschitz function defined on a weakly closed subset of $X$ admits a weakly continuous, norm Lipschitz extension defined on the entire space $X$.

The results herein continue observations on norm form equations and continued fractions begun and continued in the works \cite{chows}--\cite{mol}, and \cite{mvdpw}--\cite{schinz}.

Using spaces introduced by Anick, we construct a decomposition into indecomposable factors of the double loop spaces of odd primary Moore spaces when the powers of the primes are greater than the first power. If $n$ is greater than $1$, this implies that the odd primary part of all the homotopy groups of the $2n+1$ dimensional sphere lifts to a $\mod p^r$ Moore space.

We prove that $\{(n^p-n)/p\}_p \in \prod_p \mathbf{F}_p$, with $p$ ranging over all primes, is independent of $1$ over the integers, assuming a conjecture in elementary number theory generalizing the infinitude of Mersenne primes. This answers a question of Buium. We also prove a generalization.

For an integer $n$, let $d(n)$ denote the ordinary divisor function. This paper studies the asymptotic behavior of the sum $$ S(x) := \sum_{m\leq x, n\leq x} d(m^2 + n^2). $$ It is proved in the paper that, as $x \to \infty$, $$ S(x) := A_1 x^2 \log x + A_2 x^2 + O_\epsilon (x^{\frac32 + \epsilon}), $$ where $A_1$ and $A_2$ are certain constants and $\epsilon$ is any fixed positive real number. The result corrects a false formula given in a paper of Gafurov concerning the same problem, and improves the error $O \bigl( x^{\frac53} (\log x)^9 \bigr)$ claimed by Gafurov.

We give new examples of weak Hilbert spaces.

In a study of the word problem for groups, R.~J.~Thompson considered a certain group $F$ of self-homeomorphisms of the Cantor set and showed, among other things, that $F$ is finitely presented. Using results of K.~S.~Brown and R.~Geoghegan, M.~N.~Dyer showed that $F$ is the fundamental group of a finite two-complex $Z^2$ having Euler characteristic one and which is {\em Cockcroft}, in the sense that each map of the two-sphere into $Z^2$ is homologically trivial. We show that no proper covering complex of $Z^2$ is Cockcroft. A general result on Cockcroft properties implies that no proper regular covering complex of any finite two-complex with fundamental group $F$ is Cockcroft.

We examine which representations of the absolute Galois group of a field of finite characteristic with image over a finite field of the same characteristic may be constructed by the Galois group's action on the division points of an appropriate Drinfeld module.

We identify a class of domains of $\C^n$ in which any two commuting holomorphic self-maps have a common fixed point.

Soient $r$ et $p$ deux nombres premiers distincts, soit $K = \Q(\cos \frac{2\pi}{r})$, et soit $\F$ le corps r\'esiduel de $K$ en une place au-dessus de $p$. Lorsque l'image de $(2 - 2\cos \frac{2\pi}{r})$ dans $\F$ n'est pas un carr\'e, nous donnons une construction g\'eom\'etrique d'une extension r\'eguliere de $K(t)$ de groupe de Galois $\PSL_2 (\F)$. Cette extension correspond \`a un rev\^etement de $\PP^1_{/K}$ de \og{} signature $(r,p,p)$ \fg{} au sens de [3, sec.~6.3], et son existence est pr\'edite par le crit\`ere de rigidit\'e de Belyi, Fried, Thompson et Matzat. Sa construction s'obtient en tordant la representation galoisienne associ\'ee aux points d'ordre $p$ d'une famille de vari\'et\'es ab\'eliennes \`a multiplications r\'eelles par $K$ d\'ecouverte par Tautz, Top et Verberkmoes [6]. Ces vari\'et\'es ab\'eliennes sont d\'efinies sur un corps quadratique, et sont isog\`enes \`a leur conjugu\'e galoisien. Notre construction g\'en\'eralise une m\'ethode de Shih [4], [5], que l'on retrouve quand $r = 2$ et $r = 3$. Let $r$ and $p$ be distinct prime numbers, let $K = \Q(\cos \frac{2\pi}{r})$, and let $\F$ be the residue field of $K$ at a place above $p$. When the image of $(2 - 2\cos \frac{2\pi}{r})$ in $\F$ is not a square, we describe a geometric construction of a regular extension of $K(t)$ with Galois group $\PSL_2 (\F)$. This extension corresponds to a covering of $\PP^1_{/K}$ of ``signature $(r,p,p)$'' in the sense of [3, sec.~6.3], and its existence is predicted by the rigidity criterion of Belyi, Fried, Thompson and Matzat. Its construction is obtained by twisting the mod $p$ galois representation attached to a family of abelian varieties with real multiplications by $K$ discovered by Tautz, Top and Verberkmoes [6]. These abelian varieties are defined in general over a quadratic field, and are isogenous to their galois conjugate. Our construction generalises a method of Shih [4], [5], which one recovers when $r = 2$ and $r = 3$.

If $n$ and $m$ are positive integers, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a finite commutative ring $R$ with exactly $n$ elements and exactly $m$ prime ideals. Next, assuming the Axiom of Choice, it is proved that if $R$ is a commutative ring and $T$ is a commutative $R$-algebra which is generated by a set $I$, then each chain of prime ideals of $T$ lying over the same prime ideal of $R$ has at most $2^{|I|}$ elements. A polynomial ring example shows that the preceding result is best-possible.

We consider \cst-algebras which are inductive limits of finite direct sums of copies of $ C([0,1]) \otimes \Otwo$. For such algebras, the lattice of closed two-sided ideals is proved to be a complete invariant.

We consider maximal operators in the plane, defined by Cantor sets of directions, and show such operators are not bounded on $L^2$ if the Cantor set has positive Hausdorff dimension.

We obtain a homotopy splitting of the forget control map for controlled homeomorphisms over closed manifolds of nonpositive curvature.

Let $\T$ denote the unit circle in the complex plane, and let $X$ be a Banach space that satisfies\break Burkholder's UMD condition. Fix a natural number, $N \in \N$. Let $\od$ denote the reverse lexicographical order on $\Z^N$. For each $f \in L^1 (\T^N,X)$, there exists a strongly measurable function $\wt{f}$ such that formally, for all $\bfn \in \Z^N$, $\Dual{{\wt{f}}} (\bfn) = -i \sgn_\od (\bfn) \Dual{f} (\bfn)$. In this paper, we present a summation method for this conjugate function directly analogous to the martingale methods developed by Asmar and Montgomery-Smith for scalar-valued functions. Using a stochastic integral representation and an application of Garling's characterization of UMD spaces, we prove that the associated maximal operator satisfies a weak-type $(1,1)$ inequality with a constant independent of the dimension~$N$.

In this paper, we determine some sufficient conditions for an $A + XB[X]$ domain to be an HFD. As a consequence we give new examples of HFDs of the type $A + XB[X]$.

We extend the recent results of R.~Lata{\l}a and O.~Gu\'edon about equivalence of $L_q$-norms of logconcave random variables (Kahane-Khinchin's inequality) to the quasi-convex case. We construct examples of quasi-convex bodies $K_n \subset \R$ which demonstrate that this equivalence fails for uniformly distributed vector on $K_n$ (recall that the uniformly distributed vector on a convex body is logconcave). Our examples also show the lack of the exponential decay of the ``tail" volume (for convex bodies such decay was proved by M.~Gromov and V.~Milman).

It is shown that given a local $L$-function defined by Langlands-Shahidi method, there exists a highly ramified character of the group which when is twisted with the original representation leads to a trivial $L$-function.

Let $D$ be a family of $k$-subsets (called blocks) of a $v$-set $X(v)$. Then $D$ is a $(v,k,t)$ covering design or covering if every $t$-subset of $X(v)$ is contained in at least one block of $D$. The number of blocks is the size of the covering, and the minimum size of the covering is called the covering number. In this paper we consider the case $t=2$, and find several infinite classes of covering numbers. We also give upper bounds on other classes of covering numbers.

A binary structure $S$ has the pigeonhole property ($\mathcal{P}$) if every finite partition of $S$ induces a block isomorphic to $S$. We classify all countable tournaments with ($\mathcal{P}$); the class of orders with ($\mathcal{P}$) is completely classified.

The weighted mean matrix $M_a$ is the triangular matrix $\{a_k/A_n\}$, where $a_n > 0$ and $A_n := a_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_n$. It is proved that, subject to $n^c a_n$ being eventually monotonic for each constant $c$ and to the existence of $\alpha := \lim \frac{A_n}{na_n}$, $M_a \in B(l_p)$ for $1 < p < \infty$ if and only if $\alpha < p$.

We construct a countably infinite family of pairwise non-isomorphic maximal ${\mathbb Q}[X]$-orders such that the full $2$ by $2$ matrix rings over these orders are all isomorphic.

Let $\cZ$ be the unital simple nuclear infinite dimensional $C^*$-algebra which has the same Elliott invariant as $\bbC$, introduced in \cite{JS}. A $C^*$-algebra is called $\cZ$-stable if $A \cong A \otimes \cZ$. In this note we give some necessary conditions for a unital simple $C^*$-algebra to be $\cZ$-stable.

Travelling wave solutions to the vortex filament flow generated by elastica produce surfaces in $\R^3$ that carry mutually orthogonal foliations by geodesics and by helices. These surfaces are classified in the special cases where the helices are all congruent or are all generated by a single screw motion. The first case yields a new characterization for the B\"acklund transformation for constant torsion curves in $\R^3$, previously derived from the well-known transformation for pseudospherical surfaces. A similar investigation for surfaces in $H^3$ or $S^3$ leads to a new transformation for constant torsion curves in those spaces that is also derived from pseudospherical surfaces.

A new class of 3-dimensional contact metric manifolds is found. Moreover it is proved that there are no such manifolds in dimensions greater than 3.

Suppose $m$ and $n$ are integers such that $1 \le m \le n$. For a subgroup $H$ of the symmetric group $S_m$ of degree $m$, consider the {\it generalized matrix function} on $m\times m$ matrices $B = (b_{ij})$ defined by $d^H(B) = \sum_{\sigma \in H} \prod_{j=1}^m b_{j\sigma(j)}$ and the {\it generalized numerical range} of an $n\times n$ complex matrix $A$ associated with $d^H$ defined by $$ \wmp(A) = \{d^H (X^*AX): X \text{ is } n \times m \text{ such that } X^*X = I_m\}. $$ It is known that $\wmp(A)$ is convex if $m = 1$ or if $m = n = 2$. We show that there exist normal matrices $A$ for which $\wmp(A)$ is not convex if $3 \le m \le n$. Moreover, for $m = 2 < n$, we prove that a normal matrix $A $ with eigenvalues lying on a straight line has convex $\wmp(A)$ if and only if $\nu A$ is Hermitian for some nonzero $\nu \in \IC$. These results extend those of Hu, Hurley and Tam, who studied the special case when $2 \le m \le 3 \le n$ and $H = S_m$.

We generalize to a field of characteristic zero certain properties of the invariant functions of the coadjoint representation of solvable Lie algebras with abelian nilradicals, previously obtained over the base field $\bbC$ of complex numbers. In particular we determine their number and the restricted type of variables on which they depend. We also determine an upper bound on the maximal number of functionally independent invariants for certain families of solvable Lie algebras with arbitrary nilradicals.

This paper contains a geometric proof of an estimate for a restricted x-ray transform. The result complements one of A.~Greenleaf and A.~Seeger.

Many classes of singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion equations possess localized solutions where the gradient of the solution is large only in the vicinity of certain points or interfaces in the domain. The problems of this type that are considered are an interface propagation model from materials science and an activator-inhibitor model of morphogenesis. These two models are formulated as nonlocal partial differential equations. Results concerning the existence of equilibria, their stability, and the dynamical behavior of localized structures in the interior and on the boundary of the domain are surveyed for these two models. By examining the spectrum associated with the linearization of these problems around certain canonical solutions, it is shown that the nonlocal term can lead to the existence of an exponentially small principal eigenvalue for the linearized problem. This eigenvalue is then responsible for an exponentially slow, or metastable, motion of the localized structure.

We extend Maxwell's representation of harmonic polynomials to $h$-harmonics associated to a reflection invariant weight function $h_k$. Let $\CD_i$, $1\le i \le d$, be Dunkl's operators associated with a reflection group. For any homogeneous polynomial $P$ of degree $n$, we prove the polynomial $|\xb|^{2 \gamma +d-2+2n}P(\CD)\{1/|\xb|^{2 \gamma +d-2}\}$ is a $h$-harmonic polynomial of degree $n$, where $\gamma = \sum k_i$ and $\CD=(\CD_1,\ldots,\CD_d)$. The construction yields a basis for $h$-harmonics. We also discuss self-adjoint operators acting on the space of $h$-harmonics.

No abstract.