Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity. The co-annihilating-ideal graph of $R$, denoted by $\mathcal{A}_R$, is a graph whose vertex set is the set of all non-zero proper ideals of $R$ and two distinct vertices $I$ and $J$ are adjacent whenever ${\operatorname {Ann}}(I)\cap {\operatorname {Ann}}(J)=\{0\}$. In this paper we initiate the study of the co-annihilating ideal graph of a commutative ring and we investigate its properties.

Let $H$ be a group. The co-maximal graph of subgroups of $H$, denoted by $\Gamma(H)$, is a graph whose vertices are non-trivial and proper subgroups of $H$ and two distinct vertices $L$ and $K$ are adjacent in $\Gamma(H)$ if and only if $H=LK$. In this paper, we study the connectivity, diameter, clique number and vertex chromatic number of $\Gamma(H)$. For instance, we show that if $\Gamma(H)$ has no isolated vertex, then $\Gamma(H)$ is connected with diameter at most $3$. Also, we characterize all finite groups whose co-maximal graphs are connected. Among other results, we show that if $H$ is a finitely generated solvable group and $\Gamma(H)$ is connected and moreover the degree of a maximal subgroup is finite, then $H$ is finite. Furthermore, we show that the degree of each vertex in the co-maximal graph of a general linear group over an algebraically closed field is zero or infinite.

All finite simple self $2$-distance graphs with no square, diamond, or triangles with a common vertex as subgraph are determined. Utilizing these results, it is shown that there is no cubic self $2$-distance graph.

Let $P$ be a finite N-free poset. We consider the hypergraph $\mathcal{H}(P)$ whose vertices are the elements of $P$ and whose edges are the maximal intervals of $P$. We study the dual König property of $\mathcal{H}(P)$ in two subclasses of N-free class.

We identify when a tubular group (the fundamental group of a finite graph of groups with $\mathbb{Z}^2$ vertex and $\mathbb{Z}$ edge groups) is free by cyclic and show, using Wise's equitable sets criterion, that every tubular free by cyclic group acts freely on a CAT(0) cube complex.

Let $D$ be an integral domain, $X^1(D)$ be the set of height-one prime ideals of $D$, $\{X_{\beta}\}$ and $\{X_{\alpha}\}$ be two disjoint nonempty sets of indeterminates over $D$, $D[\{X_{\beta}\}]$ be the polynomial ring over $D$, and $D[\{X_{\beta}\}][\![\{X_{\alpha}\}]\!]_1$ be the first type power series ring over $D[\{X_{\beta}\}]$. Assume that $D$ is a Prüfer $v$-multiplication domain (P$v$MD) in which each proper integral $t$-ideal has only finitely many minimal prime ideals (e.g., $t$-SFT P$v$MDs, valuation domains, rings of Krull type). Among other things, we show that if $X^1(D) = \emptyset$ or $D_P$ is a DVR for all $P \in X^1(D)$, then ${D[\{X_{\beta}\}][\![\{X_{\alpha}\}]\!]_1}_{D - \{0\}}$ is a Krull domain. We also prove that if $D$ is a $t$-SFT P$v$MD, then the complete integral closure of $D$ is a Krull domain and ht$(M[\{X_{\beta}\}][\![\{X_{\alpha}\}]\!]_1)$ = $1$ for every height-one maximal $t$-ideal $M$ of $D$.

Let $\mathbb{L}$ be a length function on a group $G$, and let $M_\mathbb{L}$ denote the operator of pointwise multiplication by $\mathbb{L}$ on $\lt(G)$. Following Connes, $M_\mathbb{L}$ can be used as a ``Dirac'' operator for the reduced group C*-algebra $C_r^*(G)$. It defines a Lipschitz seminorm on $C_r^*(G)$, which defines a metric on the state space of $C_r^*(G)$. We show that for any length function satisfying a strong form of polynomial growth on a discrete group, the topology from this metric coincides with the weak-$*$ topology (a key property for the definition of a ``compact quantum metric space''). In particular, this holds for all word-length functions on finitely generated nilpotent-by-finite groups.

Let $X$ be a real normed space, $Y$ a Bancch space and $f:X \to Y$. We prove the Ulam-Hyers stability theorem for the cubic functional equation \begin{align*} f(2x+y)+f(2x-y)-2f(x+y)-2f(x-y)-12f(x)=0 \end{align*} in restricted domains. As an application we consider a measure zero stability problem of the inequality \begin{align*} \|f(2x+y)+f(2x-y)-2f(x+y)-2f(x-y)-12f(x)\|\le \epsilon \end{align*} for all $(x, y)$ in $\Gamma\subset\mathbb R^2$ of Lebesgue measure 0.

A Nikishin-Maurey characterization is given for bounded subsets of weak-type Lebesgue spaces. New factorizations for linear and multilinear operators are shown to follow.

This paper introduces a unified operator theory approach to the abstract Plancherel (trace) formulas over homogeneous spaces of compact groups. Let $G$ be a compact group and $H$ be a closed subgroup of $G$. Let $G/H$ be the left coset space of $H$ in $G$ and $\mu$ be the normalized $G$-invariant measure on $G/H$ associated to the Weil's formula. Then, we present a generalized abstract notion of Plancherel (trace) formula for the Hilbert space $L^2(G/H,\mu)$.

We characterize two important notions of amenability and compactness of a locally compact quantum group ${\mathbb G}$ in terms of certain homological properties. For this, we show that ${\mathbb G}$ is character amenable if and only if it is both amenable and co-amenable. We finally apply our results to Arens regularity problems of the quantum group algebra $L^1({\mathbb G})$; in particular, we improve an interesting result by Hu, Neufang and Ruan.

In this paper, we establish $BMO$ estimates for generalized commutators of rough fractional maximal and integral operators on generalized weighted Morrey spaces, respectively.

It is shown that the Dirichlet problem for the slab $(a,b) \times \mathbb{R}^{d}$ with entire boundary data has an entire solution. The proof is based on a generalized Schwarz reflection principle. Moreover, it is shown that for a given entire harmonic function $g$ the inhomogeneous difference equation $h ( t+1,y) -h (t,y) =g ( t,y)$ has an entire harmonic solution $h$.

The chromatic functor of a simple graph is a functorization of the chromatic polynomial. M. Yoshinaga showed that two finite graphs have isomorphic chromatic functors if and only if they have the same chromatic polynomial. The key ingredient in the proof is the use of stable partitions of graphs. The latter is shown to be closely related to chromatic functors. In this note, we further investigate some interesting properties of chromatic functors associated to simple graphs using stable partitions. Our first result is the determination of the group of natural automorphisms of the chromatic functor, which is in general a larger group than the automorphism group of the graph. The second result is that the composition of the chromatic functor associated to a finite graph restricted to the category $\mathrm{FI}$ of finite sets and injections with the free functor into the category of complex vector spaces yields a consistent sequence of representations of symmetric groups which is representation stable in the sense of Church-Farb.

Let $G$ be a finite group and let $A(G)$ denote the Burnside ring of $G$. Then an inverse limit $L(G)$ of the groups $A(H)$ for proper subgroups $H$ of $G$ and a homomorphism ${\operatorname{res}}$ from $A(G)$ to $L(G)$ are obtained in a natural way. Let $Q(G)$ denote the cokernel of ${\operatorname{res}}$. For a prime $p$, let $N(p)$ be the minimal normal subgroup of $G$ such that the order of $G/N(p)$ is a power of $p$, possibly $1$. In this paper we prove that $Q(G)$ is isomorphic to the cartesian product of the groups $Q(G/N(p))$, where $p$ ranges over the primes dividing the order of $G$.

Let $X$ and $Y$ be Banach spaces and $f : X \to Y$ an odd mapping. For any rational number $r \ne 2$, C. Baak, D. H. Boo, and Th. M. Rassias have proved the Hyers-Ulam stability of the following functional equation: \begin{align*} r f \left(\frac{\sum_{j=1}^d x_j}{r} \right) & + \sum_{\substack{i(j) \in \{0,1\} \\ \sum_{j=1}^d i(j)=\ell}} r f \left( \frac{\sum_{j=1}^d (-1)^{i(j)}x_j}{r} \right) = (C^\ell_{d-1} - C^{\ell -1}_{d-1} + 1) \sum_{j=1}^d f(x_j) \end{align*} where $d$ and $\ell$ are positive integers so that $1 \lt \ell \lt \frac{d}{2}$, and $C^p_q := \frac{q!}{(q-p)!p!}$, $p, q \in \mathbb{N}$ with $p \le q$. In this note we solve this equation for arbitrary nonzero scalar $r$ and show that it is actually Hyers-Ulam stable. We thus extend and generalize Baak et al.'s result. Different questions concerning the *-homomorphisms and the multipliers between C*-algebras are also considered.

In an attempt to resolve a folklore conjecture of Erdös regarding the non-vanishing at $s=1$ of the $L$-series attached to a periodic arithmetical function with period $q$ and values in $\{ -1, 1\} $, Livingston conjectured the $\bar{\mathbb{Q}}$ - linear independence of logarithms of certain algebraic numbers. In this paper, we disprove Livingston's conjecture for composite $q \geq 4$, highlighting that a new approach is required to settle Erdös's conjecture. We also prove that the conjecture is true for prime $q \geq 3$, and indicate that more ingredients will be needed to settle Erdös's conjecture for prime $q$.

This note corrects an error in Theorem 1 of "Generalized Cesàro matrices" Canad. Math. Bull. 27 (1984), no. 4, 417-422.

Let $G$ be a connected graph with vertex set $V(G)$. The degree Kirchhoff index of $G$ is defined as $S'(G) =\sum_{\{u,v\}\subseteq V(G)}d(u)d(v)R(u,v)$, where $d(u)$ is the degree of vertex $u$, and $R(u, v)$ denotes the resistance distance between vertices $u$ and $v$. In this paper, we characterize the graphs having maximum and minimum degree Kirchhoff index among all $n$-vertex bicyclic graphs with exactly two cycles.

A subset $W$ of the vertex set of a graph $G$ is called a resolving set of $G$ if for every pair of distinct vertices $u, v$ of $G$, there is $w \in W$ such that the~distance of $w$ and $u$ is different from the distance of $w$ and $v$. The~cardinality of a~smallest resolving set is called the metric dimension of $G$, denoted by $dim(G)$. The circulant graph $C_n (1, 2, \dots , t)$ consists of the vertices $v_0, v_1, \dots , v_{n-1}$ and the~edges $v_i v_{i+j}$, where $0 \le i \le n-1$, $1 \le j \le t$ $(2 \le t \le \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor)$, the indices are taken modulo $n$. Grigorious et al. [On the metric dimension of circulant and Harary graphs, Applied Mathematics and Computation 248 (2014), 47--54] proved that $dim(C_n (1,2, \dots , t)) \ge t+1$ for $t \lt \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor$, $n \ge 3$, and they presented a~conjecture saying that $dim(C_n (1,2, \dots , t)) = t+p-1$ for $n=2tk+t+p$, where $3 \le p \le t+1$. We disprove both statements. We show that if $t \ge 4$ is even, there exists an infinite set of values of $n$ such that $dim(C_n (1,2, \dots , t)) = t$. We also prove that $dim(C_n (1,2, \dots , t)) \le t + \frac{p}{2}$ for $n=2tk+t+p$, where $t$ and $p$ are even, $t \ge 4$, $2 \le p \le t$ and $k \ge 1$.

In this paper, we study condition $C'_{\wedge}$ which is a projective tensor product analogue of condition $C'$. We show that the finite-dimensional OLLP operator spaces have condition $C'_{\wedge}$ and $M_{n}$ $(n\gt 2)$ does not have that property.

Let $(R, \frak m)$ denote a local Cohen-Macaulay ring and $I$ a non-nilpotent ideal of $R$. The purpose of this article is to investigate Faltings' finiteness dimension $f_I(R)$ and equidimensionalness of certain homomorphic image of $R$. As a consequence we deduce that $f_I(R)=\operatorname{max}\{1, \operatorname{ht} I\}$ and if $\operatorname{mAss}_R(R/I)$ is contained in $\operatorname{Ass}_R(R)$, then the ring $R/ I+\cup_{n\geq 1}(0:_RI^n)$ is equidimensional of dimension $\dim R-1$. Moreover, we will obtain a lower bound for injective dimension of the local cohomology module $H^{\operatorname{ht} I}_I(R)$, in the case $(R, \frak m)$ is a complete equidimensional local ring.

We compute the cohomology of the right generalised projective Stiefel manifolds. Following this, we discuss some easy applications of the computations to the ranks of complementary bundles, and bounds on the span and immersibility.

In this paper, we give a new definition of radicals of Green's relations in an ordered semigroup and characterize left regular (right regular), intra regular ordered semigroups by radicals of Green's relations. Also we characterize the ordered semigroups which are unions and complete semilattices of t-simple ordered semigroups.

In this paper, a new notion of scalar curvature for a Finsler metric $F$ is introduced, and two conformal invariants $Y(M,F)$ and $C(M,F)$ are defined. We prove that there exists a Finsler metric with constant scalar curvature in the conformal class of $F$ if the Cartan torsion of $F$ is sufficiently small and $Y(M,F)C(M,F)\lt Y(\mathbb{S}^n)$ where $Y(\mathbb{S}^n)$ is the Yamabe constant of the standard sphere.

In this paper, double commutativity and the reverse order law for the core inverse are considered. Then, new characterizations of the Moore-Penrose inverse of a regular element are given by one-sided invertibilities in a ring. Furthermore, the characterizations and representations of the core and dual core inverses of a regular element are considered.

It follows from earlier work of Silver--Williams and the authors that twisted Alexander polynomials detect the unknot and the Hopf link. We now show that twisted Alexander polynomials also detect the trefoil and the figure-8 knot, that twisted Alexander polynomials detect whether a link is split and that twisted Alexander modules detect trivial links. We use this result to provide algorithms for detecting whether a link is the unlink, whether it is split and whether it is totally split.

It is known that if $E$ is a closed subset of an open Riemann surface $R$ and $f$ is a holomorphic function on a neighbourhood of $E,$ then it is ``usually" not possible to approximate $f$ uniformly by functions holomorphic on all of $R.$ We show, however, that for every open Riemann surface $R$ and every closed subset $E\subset R,$ there is closed subset $F\subset E,$ which approximates $E$ extremely well, such that every function holomorphic on $F$ can be approximated much better than uniformly by functions holomorphic on $R$.

We previously obtained a congruence modulo four for the number of real solutions to many Schubert problems on a square Grassmannian given by osculating flags. Here, we consider Schubert problems given by more general isotropic flags, and prove this congruence modulo four for the largest class of Schubert problems that could be expected to exhibit this congruence.

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with non-zero identity. In this paper, we introduced the weakly nilpotent graph of a commutative ring. The weakly nilpotent graph of $R$ is denoted by $\Gamma_w(R)$ is a graph with the vertex set $R^{*}$ and two vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $xy\in N(R)^{*}$, where $R^{*}=R\setminus\{0\}$ and $N(R)^{*}$ is the set of all non-zero nilpotent elements of $R$. In this article, we determine the diameter of weakly nilpotent graph of an Artinian ring. We prove that if $\Gamma_w(R)$ is a forest, then $\Gamma_w(R)$ is a union of a star and some isolated vertices. We study the clique number, the chromatic number and the independence number of $\Gamma_w(R)$. Among other results, we show that for an Artinian ring $R$, $\Gamma_w(R)$ is not a disjoint union of cycles or a unicyclic graph. For Artinan ring, we determine $\operatorname{diam}(\overline{\Gamma_w(R)})$. Finally, we characterize all commutative rings $R$ for which $\overline{\Gamma_w(R)}$ is a cycle, where $\overline{\Gamma_w(R)}$ is the complement of the weakly nilpotent graph of $R$.

We prove that for $d \in \{ 2,3,5,7,13 \}$ and $K$ a quadratic (or rational) field of discriminant $D$ and Dirichlet character $\chi$, if a prime $p$ is large enough compared to $D$, there is a newform $f \in S_2(\Gamma_0(dp^2))$ with sign $(+1)$ with respect to the Atkin-Lehner involution $w_{p^2}$ such that $L(f \otimes \chi,1) \neq 0$. This result is obtained through an estimate of a weighted sum of twists of $L$-functions which generalises a result of Ellenberg. It relies on the approximate functional equation for the $L$-functions $L(f \otimes \chi, \cdot)$ and a Petersson trace formula restricted to Atkin-Lehner eigenspaces. An application of this nonvanishing theorem will be given in terms of existence of rank zero quotients of some twisted jacobians, which generalises a result of Darmon and Merel.

This paper generalizes the Aleksandrov problem: the Mazur-Ulam theorem on $n$-G-quasi normed spaces. It proves that a one-$n$-distance preserving mapping is an $n$-isometry if and only if it has the zero-$n$-G-quasi preserving property, and two kinds of $n$-isometries on $n$-G-quasi normed space are equivalent; we generalize the Benz theorem to n-normed spaces with no restrictions on the dimension of spaces.

Let $\mathbf{S}:=\{S(t)\}_{t\geq0}$ be a C$_0$-semigroup of quasinilpotent operators (i.e. $\sigma(S(t))=\{0\}$ for each $t\gt 0$). In the dynamical systems theory the above quasinilpotency property is equivalent to a very strong concept of stability for the solutions of autonomous systems. This concept is frequently called superstability and weakens the classical finite time extinction property (roughly speaking, disappearing solutions). We show that under some assumptions, the quasinilpotency, or equivalently, the superstability property of a C$_0$-semigroup is preserved under the perturbations of its infinitesimal generator.

The notion of coaxers is introduced in a pseudo-complemented distributive lattice. Boolean algebras are characterized in terms of coaxer ideals and congruences. The concept of coaxer lattices is introduced in pseudo-complemented distributive lattices and characterized in terms of coaxer ideals and maximal ideals. Finally, the coaxer lattices are also characterized in topological terms.

In this paper we give the bifurcation diagram of the family of cubic vector fields $\dot z=z^3+ \epsilon_1z+\epsilon_0$ for $z\in \mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^1$, depending on the values of $\epsilon_1,\epsilon_0\in\mathbb{C}$. The bifurcation diagram is in $\mathbb{R}^4$, but its conic structure allows describing it for parameter values in $\mathbb{S}^3$. There are two open simply connected regions of structurally stable vector fields separated by surfaces corresponding to bifurcations of homoclinic connections between two separatrices of the pole at infinity. These branch from the codimension 2 curve of double singular points. We also explain the bifurcation of homoclinic connection in terms of the description of Douady and Sentenac of polynomial vector fields.

Let $K$ be an ultraspherical hypergroup associated to a locally compact group $G$ and a spherical projector $\pi$ and let $VN(K)$ denote the dual of the Fourier algebra $A(K)$ corresponding to $K.$ In this note, we show that the set of invariant means on $VN(K)$ is singleton if and only if $K$ is discrete. Here $K$ need not be second countable. We also study invariant means on the dual of the Fourier algebra $A_0(K),$ the closure of $A(K)$ in the $cb$-multiplier norm. Finally, we consider generalized translations and generalized invariant means.

We prove a comprehensive version of the Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius Theorem with explicit estimates of the spectral radius of the Ruelle transfer operator and various other quantities related to spectral properties of this operator. The novelty here is that the Hölder constant of the function generating the operator appears only polynomially, not exponentially as in previous known estimates.

This paper is dedicated to studying the semilinear Schrödinger equation $$ \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\triangle u+V(x)u=f(x, u), \ \ \ \ x\in {\mathbf{R}}^{N}, \\ u\in H^{1}({\mathbf{R}}^{N}), \end{array} \right. $$ where $f$ is a superlinear, subcritical nonlinearity. It focuses on the case where $V(x)=V_0(x)+V_1(x)$, $V_0\in C(\mathbf{R}^N)$, $V_0(x)$ is 1-periodic in each of $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_N$ and $\sup[\sigma(-\triangle +V_0)\cap (-\infty, 0)]\lt 0\lt \inf[\sigma(-\triangle +V_0)\cap (0, \infty)]$, $V_1\in C(\mathbf{R}^N)$ and $\lim_{|x|\to\infty}V_1(x)=0$. A new super-quadratic condition is obtained, which is weaker than some well known results.

We study a population model with nonlocal diffusion, which is a delayed integro-differential equation with double nonlinearity and two integrable kernels. By comparison method and analytical technique, we obtain globally asymptotic stability of the zero solution and the positive equilibrium. The results obtained reveal that the globally asymptotic stability only depends on the property of nonlinearity. As application, an example for a population model with age structure is discussed at the end of the article.

We investigate quantum group generalizations of various density results from Fourier analysis on compact groups. In particular, we establish the density of characters in the space of fixed points of the conjugation action on $L^2(\mathbb{G})$, and use this result to show the weak* density and norm density of characters in $ZL^\infty(\mathbb{G})$ and $ZC(\mathbb{G})$, respectively. As a corollary, we partially answer an open question of Woronowicz. At the level of $L^1(\mathbb{G})$, we show that the center $\mathcal{Z}(L^1(\mathbb{G}))$ is precisely the closed linear span of the quantum characters for a large class of compact quantum groups, including arbitrary compact Kac algebras. In the latter setting, we show, in addition, that $\mathcal{Z}(L^1(\mathbb{G}))$ is a completely complemented $\mathcal{Z}(L^1(\mathbb{G}))$-submodule of $L^1(\mathbb{G})$.

We prove the existence of a (in fact many) holomorphic function $f$ in $\mathbb{C}^d$ such that, for any $a\neq 0$, its translations $f(\cdot+na)$ are dense in $H(\mathbb{C}^d)$.

In a previous work, we have associated a complete differential graded Lie algebra to any finite simplicial complex in a functorial way. Similarly, we have also a realization functor from the category of complete differential graded Lie algebras to the category of simplicial sets. We have already interpreted the homology of a Lie algebra in terms of homotopy groups of its realization. In this paper, we begin a dictionary between models and simplicial complexes by establishing a correspondence between the Deligne groupoid of the model and the connected components of the finite simplicial complex.

Let $G$ denote a reductive algebraic group over $\mathbb{C}$ and $x$ a nilpotent element of its Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. The Springer variety $\mathcal{B}_x$ is the closed subvariety of the flag variety $\mathcal{B}$ of $G$ parameterizing the Borel subalgebras of $\mathfrak{g}$ containing $x$. It has the remarkable property that the Weyl group $W$ of $G$ admits a representation on the cohomology of $\mathcal{B}_x$ even though $W$ rarely acts on $\mathcal{B}_x$ itself. Well-known constructions of this action due to Springer et al use technical machinery from algebraic geometry. The purpose of this note is to describe an elementary approach that gives this action when $x$ is what we call parabolic-surjective. The idea is to use localization to construct an action of $W$ on the equivariant cohomology algebra $H_S^*(\mathcal{B}_x)$, where $S$ is a certain algebraic subtorus of $G$. This action descends to $H^*(\mathcal{B}_x)$ via the forgetful map and gives the desired representation. The parabolic-surjective case includes all nilpotents of type $A$ and, more generally, all nilpotents for which it is known that $W$ acts on $H_S^*(\mathcal{B}_x)$ for some torus $S$. Our result is deduced from a general theorem describing when a group action on the cohomology of the fixed point set of a torus action on a space lifts to the full cohomology algebra of the space.

We prove Lawton's conjecture about the upper bound on the measure of the set on the unit circle on which a complex polynomial with a bounded number of coefficients takes small values. Namely, we prove that Lawton's bound holds for polynomials that are not necessarily monic. We also provide an analogous bound for polynomials in several variables. Finally, we investigate the dependence of the bound on the multiplicity of zeros for polynomials in one variable.

We prove an analogue of the Riemann-Hurwitz theorem for computing Euler characteristics of pullbacks of coherent sheaves through finite maps of smooth projective varieties in arbitrary dimensions, subject only to the condition that the irreducible components of the branch and ramification locus have simple normal crossings.

In 2012 Gubeladze (Adv. Math. 2012) introduced the notion of $k$-convex-normal polytopes to show that integral polytopes all of whose edges are longer than $4d(d+1)$ have the integer decomposition property. In the first part of this paper we show that for lattice polytopes there is no difference between $k$- and $(k+1)$-convex-normality (for $k\geq 3 $) and improve the bound to $2d(d+1)$. In the second part we extend the definition to pairs of polytopes. Given two rational polytopes $P$ and $Q$, where the normal fan of $P$ is a refinement of the normal fan of $Q$. If every edge $e_P$ of $P$ is at least $d$ times as long as the corresponding face (edge or vertex) $e_Q$ of $Q$, then $(P+Q)\cap \mathbb{Z}^d = (P\cap \mathbb{Z}^d ) + (Q \cap \mathbb{Z}^d)$.

In the Simpson moduli space $M$ of semi-stable sheaves with Hilbert polynomial $dm-1$ on a projective plane we study the closed subvariety $M'$ of sheaves that are not locally free on their support. We show that for $d\ge 4$ it is a singular subvariety of codimension $2$ in $M$. The blow up of $M$ along $M'$ is interpreted as a (partial) modification of $M\setminus M'$ by line bundles (on support).

In this paper we determine the $L^1\to L^1$ and $L^{\infty}\to L^\infty$ norms of an integral operator $\mathcal{N}$ related to the gradient of the solution of Poisson equation in the unit ball with vanishing boundary data in sense of distributions.

We prove that the moduli space of smooth primitively polarized $\mathrm{K3}$ surfaces of genus $33$ is unirational.

Nuij's theorem states that if a polynomial $p\in \mathbb{R}[z]$ is hyperbolic (i.e. has only real roots) then $p+sp'$ is also hyperbolic for any $s\in \mathbb{R}$. We study other perturbations of hyperbolic polynomials of the form $p_a(z,s): =p(z) +\sum_{k=1}^d a_ks^kp^{(k)}(z)$. We give a full characterization of those $a= (a_1, \dots, a_d) \in \mathbb{R}^d$ for which $p_a(z,s)$ is a pencil of hyperbolic polynomials. We give also a full characterization of those $a= (a_1, \dots, a_d) \in \mathbb{R}^d$ for which the associated families $p_a(z,s)$ admit universal determinantal representations. In fact we show that all these sequences come from special symmetric Toeplitz matrices.

This paper provides a constructive proof of the weak factorization of the classical Hardy space $H^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$ in terms of multilinear Riesz transforms. As a direct application, we obtain a new proof of the characterization of ${\rm BMO}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ (the dual of $H^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$) via commutators of the multilinear Riesz transforms.

In this paper we investigate the endpoint regularity properties of the multisublinear fractional maximal operators, which include the multisublinear Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator. We obtain some new bounds for the derivative of the one-dimensional multisublinear fractional maximal operators acting on vector-valued function $\vec{f}=(f_1,\dots,f_m)$ with all $f_j$ being $BV$-functions.

We prove Wise's $W$-cycles conjecture: Consider a compact graph $\Gamma'$ immersing into another graph $\Gamma$. For any immersed cycle $\Lambda:S^1\to \Gamma$, we consider the map $\Lambda'$ from the circular components $\mathbb{S}$ of the pullback to $\Gamma'$. Unless $\Lambda'$ is reducible, the degree of the covering map $\mathbb{S}\to S^1$ is bounded above by minus the Euler characteristic of $\Gamma'$. As a corollary, any finitely generated subgroup of a one-relator group has finitely generated Schur multiplier.

The characteristic polynomial $P_A(x_0, \dots, x_r)$ of an $r$-tuple $A := (A_1, \dots, A_r)$ of $n \times n$-matrices is defined as \[ P_A(x_0, \dots, x_r) := \det(x_0 I + x_1 A_1 + \dots + x_r A_r) \, . \] We show that if $r \geqslant 3$ and $A := (A_1, \dots, A_r)$ is an $r$-tuple of $n \times n$-matrices in general position, then up to conjugacy, there are only finitely many $r$-tuples $A' := (A_1', \dots, A_r')$ such that $p_A = p_{A'}$. Equivalently, the locus of determinantal hypersurfaces of degree $n$ in $\mathbf{P}^r$ is irreducible of dimension $(r-1)n^2 + 1$.

Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a bounded Lipschitz domain and consider the energy functional \begin{equation*} {\mathcal F}[u, \Omega] := \int_{\Omega} {\rm F}(\nabla {\bf u}(\bf x))\, d{\bf x}, \end{equation*} over the space of $W^{1,2}(\Omega, \mathbb{R}^m)$ where the integrand ${\rm F}: \mathbb M_{m\times n}\to \mathbb{R}$ is a smooth uniformly convex function with bounded second derivatives. In this paper we address the question of regularity for solutions of the corresponding system of Euler-Lagrange equations. In particular we introduce a class of singular maps referred to as traceless and examine them as a new counterexample to the regularity of minimizers of the energy functional $\mathcal F[\cdot,\Omega]$ using a method based on null Lagrangians.

In this paper, the concept of the classical $f$-divergence for a pair of measures is extended to the mixed $f$-divergence for multiple pairs of measures. The mixed $f$-divergence provides a way to measure the difference between multiple pairs of (probability) measures. Properties for the mixed $f$-divergence are established, such as permutation invariance and symmetry in distributions. An Alexandrov-Fenchel type inequality and an isoperimetric inequality for the mixed $f$-divergence are proved.

Let $\ell\in\mathbb N$ and $\alpha\in (0,2\ell)$. In this article, the authors establish equivalent characterizations of Besov-type spaces, Triebel-Lizorkin-type spaces and Besov-Morrey spaces via the sequence $\{f-B_{\ell,2^{-k}}f\}_{k}$ consisting of the difference between $f$ and the ball average $B_{\ell,2^{-k}}f$. These results give a way to introduce Besov-type spaces, Triebel-Lizorkin-type spaces and Besov-Morrey spaces with any smoothness order on metric measure spaces. As special cases, the authors obtain a new characterization of Morrey-Sobolev spaces and $Q_\alpha$ spaces with $\alpha\in(0,1)$, which are of independent interest.

Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space and $J\subseteq [0,\infty)$ be nonempty. We study the structure of the arbitrary intersections of Lipschitz algebras, and define a special Banach subalgebra of $\bigcap_{\gamma\in J}\operatorname{Lip}_\gamma X$, denoted by $\operatorname{ILip}_J X$. Mainly, we investigate $C$-character amenability of $\operatorname{ILip}_J X$, in particular Lipschitz algebras. We address a gap in the proof of a recent result in this field. Then we remove this gap, and obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for $C$-character amenability of $\operatorname{ILip}_J X$, specially Lipschitz algebras, under an additional assumption.

In this paper, we show that the Möbius invariant function space $\mathcal {Q}_p$ can be generated by variant Dirichlet type spaces $\mathcal{D}_{\mu, p}$ induced by finite positive Borel measures $\mu$ on the open unit disk. A criterion for the equality between the space $\mathcal{D}_{\mu, p}$ and the usual Dirichlet type space $\mathcal {D}_p$ is given. We obtain a sufficient condition to construct different $\mathcal{D}_{\mu, p}$ spaces and we provide examples. We establish decomposition theorems for $\mathcal{D}_{\mu, p}$ spaces, and prove that the non-Hilbert space $\mathcal {Q}_p$ is equal to the intersection of Hilbert spaces $\mathcal{D}_{\mu, p}$. As an application of the relation between $\mathcal {Q}_p$ and $\mathcal{D}_{\mu, p}$ spaces, we also obtain that there exist different $\mathcal{D}_{\mu, p}$ spaces; this is a trick to prove the existence without constructing examples.

We shall use the classical Perron envelope method to show a general existence theorem to degenerate complex Monge-Ampère type equations on compact Kähler manifolds.

Let $1\leq p\lt \infty$, and let $G$ be a discrete group. We give a sufficient and necessary condition for weighted translation operators on the Lebesgue space $\ell^p(G)$ to be densely disjoint hypercyclic. The characterization for the dual of a weighted translation to be densely disjoint hypercyclic is also obtained.

Let $R$ be a prime ring with extended centroid $C$, $Q$ maximal right ring of quotients of $R$, $RC$ central closure of $R$ such that $dim_{C}(RC) \gt 4$, $f(X_{1},\dots,X_{n})$ a multilinear polynomial over $C$ which is not central-valued on $R$ and $f(R)$ the set of all evaluations of the multilinear polynomial $f\big(X_{1},\dots,X_{n}\big)$ in $R$. Suppose that $G$ is a nonzero generalized derivation of $R$ such that $G^2\big(u\big)u \in C$ for all $u\in f(R)$ then one of the following conditions holds: (I) there exists $a\in Q$ such that $a^2=0$ and either $G(x)=ax$ for all $x\in R$ or $G(x)=xa$ for all $x\in R$; (II) there exists $a\in Q$ such that $0\neq a^2\in C$ and either $G(x)=ax$ for all $x\in R$ or $G(x)=xa$ for all $x\in R$ and $f(X_{1},\dots,X_{n})^{2}$ is central-valued on $R$; (III) $char(R)=2$ and one of the following holds: (i) there exist $a, b\in Q$ such that $G(x)=ax+xb$ for all $x\in R$ and $a^{2}=b^{2}\in C$; (ii) there exist $a, b\in Q$ such that $G(x)=ax+xb$ for all $x\in R$, $a^{2}, b^{2}\in C$ and $f(X_{1},\ldots,X_{n})^{2}$ is central-valued on $R$; (iii) there exist $a \in Q$ and an $X$-outer derivation $d$ of $R$ such that $G(x)=ax+d(x)$ for all $x\in R$, $d^2=0$ and $a^2+d(a)=0$; (iv) there exist $a \in Q$ and an $X$-outer derivation $d$ of $R$ such that $G(x)=ax+d(x)$ for all $x\in R$, $d^2=0$, $a^2+d(a)\in C$ and $f(X_{1},\dots,X_{n})^{2}$ is central-valued on $R$. Moreover, we characterize the form of nonzero generalized derivations $G$ of $R$ satisfying $G^2(x)=\lambda x$ for all $x\in R$, where $\lambda \in C$.

Suppose $G$ is a connected complex Lie group and $H$ is a closed complex subgroup. Then there exists a closed complex subgroup $J$ of $G$ containing $H$ such that the fibration $\pi:G/H \to G/J$ is the holomorphic reduction of $G/H$, i.e., $G/J$ is holomorphically separable and ${\mathcal O}(G/H) \cong \pi^*{\mathcal O}(G/J)$. In this paper we prove that if $G/H$ is pseudoconvex, i.e., if $G/H$ admits a continuous plurisubharmonic exhaustion function, then $G/J$ is Stein and $J/H$ has no non--constant holomorphic functions.

We study linear projections on Plücker space whose restriction to the Grassmannian is a non-trivial branched cover. When an automorphism of the Grassmannian preserves the fibers, we show that the Grassmannian is necessarily of $m$-dimensional linear subspaces in a symplectic vector space of dimension $2m$, and the linear map is the Lagrangian involution. The Wronski map for a self-adjoint linear differential operator and pole placement map for symmetric linear systems are natural examples.

Fix an irreducible (finite) root system $R$ and a choice of positive roots. For any algebraically closed field $k$ consider the almost simple, simply connected algebraic group $G_k$ over $k$ with root system $k$. One associates to any dominant weight $\lambda$ for $R$ two $G_k$--modules with highest weight $\lambda$, the Weyl module $V (\lambda)_k$ and its simple quotient $L (\lambda)_k$. Let $\lambda$ and $\mu$ be dominant weights with $\mu \lt \lambda$ such that $\mu$ is maximal with this property. Garibaldi, Guralnick, and Nakano have asked under which condition there exists $k$ such that $L (\mu)_k$ is a composition factor of $V (\lambda)_k$, and they exhibit an example in type $E_8$ where this is not the case. The purpose of this paper is to to show that their example is the only one. It contains two proofs for this fact, one that uses a classification of the possible pairs $(\lambda, \mu)$, and another one that relies only on the classification of root systems.

Alfred Schild has established conditions that Lorentz transformations map world-vectors $(ct,x,y,z)$ with integer coordinates onto vectors of the same kind. These transformations are called integral Lorentz transformations. The present paper contains supplements to our earlier work with a new focus on group theory. To relate the results to the familiar matrix group nomenclature we associate Lorentz transformations with matrices in $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$. We consider the lattice of subgroups of the group originated in Schild's paper and obtain generating sets for the full group and its subgroups.

A $C^{*}$-algebra $A$ has the ideal property if any ideal $I$ of $A$ is generated as a closed two sided ideal by the projections inside the ideal. Suppose that the limit $C^{*}$-algebra $A$ of inductive limit of direct sums of matrix algebras over spaces with uniformly bounded dimension has ideal property. In this paper we will prove that $A$ can be written as an inductive limit of certain very special subhomogeneous algebras, namely, direct sum of dimension drop interval algebras and matrix algebras over 2-dimensional spaces with torsion $H^{2}$ groups.

It is known that every Toeplitz matrix $T$ enjoys a circulant and skew circulant splitting (denoted by CSCS) i.e., $T=C-S$ with $C$ a circulant matrix and $S$ a skew circulant matrix. Based on the variant of such a splitting (also referred to as CSCS), we first develop classical CSCS iterative methods and then introduce shifted CSCS iterative methods for solving hermitian positive definite Toeplitz systems in this paper. The convergence of each method is analyzed. Numerical experiments show that the classical CSCS iterative methods work slightly better than the Gauss-Seidel (GS) iterative methods if the CSCS is convergent, and that there is always a constant $\alpha$ such that the shifted CSCS iteration converges much faster than the Gauss-Seidel iteration, no matter whether the CSCS itself is convergent or not.

In this paper, we obtain some characterizations of the (strong) Birkhoff--James orthogonality for elements of Hilbert $C^*$-modules and certain elements of $\mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})$. Moreover, we obtain a kind of Pythagorean relation for bounded linear operators. In addition, for $T\in \mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})$ we prove that if the norm attaining set $\mathbb{M}_T$ is a unit sphere of some finite dimensional subspace $\mathscr{H}_0$ of $\mathscr{H}$ and $\|T\|_{{{\mathscr{H}}_0}^\perp} \lt \|T\|$, then for every $S\in\mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})$, $T$ is the strong Birkhoff--James orthogonal to $S$ if and only if there exists a unit vector $\xi\in {\mathscr{H}}_0$ such that $\|T\|\xi = |T|\xi$ and $S^*T\xi = 0$. Finally, we introduce a new type of approximate orthogonality and investigate this notion in the setting of inner product $C^*$-modules.

It is known that a bi-orderable group has no generalized torsion element, but the converse does not hold in general. We conjecture that the converse holds for the fundamental groups of $3$-manifolds, and verify the conjecture for non-hyperbolic, geometric $3$-manifolds. We also confirm the conjecture for some infinite families of closed hyperbolic $3$-manifolds. In the course of the proof, we prove that each standard generator of the Fibonacci group $F(2, m)$ ($m \gt 2$) is a generalized torsion element.

Let the measure algebra of a topological group $G$ be equipped with the topology of uniform convergence on bounded right uniformly equicontinuous sets of functions. Convolution is separately continuous on the measure algebra, and it is jointly continuous if and only if $G$ has the SIN property. On the larger space $\mathsf{LUC}(G)^\ast$ which includes the measure algebra, convolution is also jointly continuous if and only if the group has the SIN property, but not separately continuous for many non-SIN groups.

We investigate the role of the Kottman constant of a Banach space $X$ in the extension of $\alpha$-Hölder continuous maps for every $\alpha\in (0,1]$.

Let $R$ be a ring and $b, c\in R$. In this paper, we give some characterizations of the $(b,c)$-inverse, in terms of the direct sum decomposition, the annihilator and the invertible elements. Moreover, elements with equal $(b,c)$-idempotents related to their $(b, c)$-inverses are characterized, and the reverse order rule for the $(b,c)$-inverse is considered.

In this paper, we construct two classes of rational function operators by using the Poisson integrals of the function on the whole real axis. The convergence rates of the uniform and mean approximation of such rational function operators on the whole real axis are studied.

For any ring $R$, we show that, in the bounded derived category $D^{b}(\operatorname{Mod} R)$ of left $R$-modules, the subcategory of complexes with finite Gorenstein projective (resp. injective) dimension modulo the subcategory of complexes with finite projective (resp. injective) dimension is equivalent to the stable category $\underline{\mathbf{GP}}(\operatorname{Mod} R)$ (resp. $\overline{\mathbf{GI}}(\operatorname{Mod} R)$) of Gorenstein projective (resp. injective) modules. As a consequence, we get that if $R$ is a left and right noetherian ring admitting a dualizing complex, then $\underline{\mathbf{GP}}(\operatorname{Mod} R)$ and $\overline{\mathbf{GI}}(\operatorname{Mod} R)$ are equivalent.