The classical Alexandrov-Bakelman-Pucci estimate for the Laplacian states $$ \max_{x \in \Omega}{ |u(x)|} \leq \max_{x \in \partial \Omega}{|u(x)|} + c_{s,n} \operatorname{diam}(\Omega)^{2-\frac{n}{s}} \left\| \Delta u \right\|_{L^s(\Omega)}$$ where $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$, $u \in C^2(\Omega) \cap C(\overline{\Omega})$ and $s \gt n/2$. The inequality fails for $s = n/2$. A Sobolev embedding result of Milman and Pustylnik, originally phrased in a slightly different context, implies an endpoint inequality: if $n \geq 3$ and $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ is bounded, then $$ \max_{x \in \Omega}{ |u(x)|} \leq \max_{x \in \partial \Omega}{|u(x)|} + c_n \left\| \Delta u \right\|_{L^{\frac{n}{2},1}(\Omega)},$$ where $L^{p,q}$ is the Lorentz space refinement of $L^p$. This inequality fails for $n=2$ and we prove a sharp substitute result: there exists $c\gt 0$ such that for all $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ with finite measure $$ \max_{x \in \Omega}{ |u(x)|} \leq \max_{x \in \partial \Omega}{|u(x)|} + c \max_{x \in \Omega} \int_{y \in \Omega}{ \max \left\{ 1, \log{ \left(\frac{|\Omega|}{\|x-y\|^2} \right)} \right\} \left| \Delta u(y) \right| dy}.$$ This is somewhat dual to the classical Trudinger-Moser inequality; we also note that it is sharper than the usual estimates given in Orlicz spaces, the proof is rearrangement-free. The Laplacian can be replaced by any uniformly elliptic operator in divergence form.

We give a direct proof of the strong maximum principle on finite dimensional RCD spaces based on the Laplacian comparison of the squared distance.

We prove an equivalence between weighted Poincaré inequalities and the existence of weak solutions to a Neumann problem related to a degenerate $p$-Laplacian. The Poincaré inequalities are formulated in the context of degenerate Sobolev spaces defined in terms of a quadratic form, and the associated matrix is the source of the degeneracy in the $p$-Laplacian.

In this paper we establish the endpoint estimates and Hardy type estimates for the Riesz transform associated with the generalized Schrödinger operator.

We give a Hopf boundary point lemma for weak solutions of linear divergence form uniformly elliptic equations, with Hölder continuous top-order coefficients and lower-order coefficients in a Morrey space.

The Jacobi coefficients $c^{\ell}_{j}(\alpha,\beta)$ ($1\leq j\leq \ell$, $\alpha,\beta\gt -1$) are linked to the Maclaurin spectral expansion of the Schwartz kernel of functions of the Laplacian on a compact rank one symmetric space. It is proved that these coefficients can be computed by transforming the even derivatives of the the Jacobi polynomials $P_{k}^{(\alpha,\beta)}$ ($k\geq 0, \alpha,\beta\gt -1$) into a spectral sum associated with the Jacobi operator. The first few coefficients are explicitly computed and a direct trace interpretation of the Maclaurin coefficients is presented.

In this paper, we consider the following critical Kirchhoff type equation: \begin{align*} \left\{ \begin{array}{lll} - \left(a+b\int_{\Omega}|\nabla u|^2 \right)\Delta u=Q(x)|u|^4u + \lambda |u|^{q-1}u,~~\mbox{in}~~\Omega, \\ u=0,\quad \text{on}\quad \partial \Omega, \end{array} \right. \end{align*} By using variational methods that are constrained to the Nehari manifold, we prove that the above equation has a ground state solution for the case when $3\lt q\lt 5$. The relation between the number of maxima of $Q$ and the number of positive solutions for the problem is also investigated.

In this paper, we classify all solutions of \[ \left\{ \begin{array}{rcll} -\Delta u &=& 0 \quad &\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^{2}_{+}, \\ \dfrac{\partial u}{\partial t}&=&-c|x|^{\beta}e^{u} \quad &\text{ on }\partial \mathbb{R}^{2}_{+} \backslash \{0\}, \\ \end{array} \right. \] with the finite conditions \[ \int_{\partial \mathbb{R}^{2}_{+}}|x|^{\beta}e^{u}ds \lt C, \qquad \sup\limits_{\overline{\mathbb{R}^{2}_{+}}}{u(x)}\lt C. \] Here, $c$ is a positive number and $\beta \gt -1$.

In this paper we establish a close connection between three notions attached to a modular subgroup. Namely the set of weight two meromorphic modular forms, the set of equivariant functions on the upper half-plane commuting with the action of the modular subgroup and the set of elliptic zeta functions generalizing the Weierstrass zeta functions. In particular, we show that the equivariant functions can be parameterized by modular objects as well as by elliptic objects.

In this paper we determine the $L^1\to L^1$ and $L^{\infty}\to L^\infty$ norms of an integral operator $\mathcal{N}$ related to the gradient of the solution of Poisson equation in the unit ball with vanishing boundary data in sense of distributions.

This paper gives an equivalent form of Picard's theorem via entire solutions of the functional equation $f^2+g^2=1$, and then its improvements and applications to certain nonlinear (ordinary and partial) differential equations.

This paper is dedicated to studying the semilinear Schrödinger equation $$ \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\triangle u+V(x)u=f(x, u), \ \ \ \ x\in {\mathbf{R}}^{N}, \\ u\in H^{1}({\mathbf{R}}^{N}), \end{array} \right. $$ where $f$ is a superlinear, subcritical nonlinearity. It focuses on the case where $V(x)=V_0(x)+V_1(x)$, $V_0\in C(\mathbf{R}^N)$, $V_0(x)$ is 1-periodic in each of $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_N$ and $\sup[\sigma(-\triangle +V_0)\cap (-\infty, 0)]\lt 0\lt \inf[\sigma(-\triangle +V_0)\cap (0, \infty)]$, $V_1\in C(\mathbf{R}^N)$ and $\lim_{|x|\to\infty}V_1(x)=0$. A new super-quadratic condition is obtained, which is weaker than some well known results.

We study a population model with nonlocal diffusion, which is a delayed integro-differential equation with double nonlinearity and two integrable kernels. By comparison method and analytical technique, we obtain globally asymptotic stability of the zero solution and the positive equilibrium. The results obtained reveal that the globally asymptotic stability only depends on the property of nonlinearity. As application, an example for a population model with age structure is discussed at the end of the article.

The eigenvalue problem $-\Delta_p u-\Delta_q u=\lambda|u|^{q-2}u$ with $p\in(1,\infty)$, $q\in(2,\infty)$, $p\neq q$ subject to the corresponding homogeneous Neumann boundary condition is investigated on a bounded open set with smooth boundary from $\mathbb{R}^N$ with $N\geq 2$. A careful analysis of this problem leads us to a complete description of the set of eigenvalues as being a precise interval $(\lambda_1, +\infty )$ plus an isolated point $\lambda =0$. This comprehensive result is strongly related to our framework which is complementary to the well-known case $p=q\neq 2$ for which a full description of the set of eigenvalues is still unavailable.

We study the distribution of the discrete spectrum of the Schrödinger operator perturbed by a fast oscillating decaying potential depending on a small parameter $h$.

In this paper, we consider the quasi-linear elliptic problem \[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} & -M \left(\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}|x|^{-ap}|\nabla u|^{p}dx \right){\rm div} \left(|x|^{-ap}|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u \right) \\ & \qquad=\frac{\alpha}{\alpha+\beta}H(x)|u|^{\alpha-2}u|v|^{\beta}+\lambda h_{1}(x)|u|^{q-2}u, \\ & -M \left(\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}|x|^{-ap}|\nabla v|^{p}dx \right){\rm div} \left(|x|^{-ap}|\nabla v|^{p-2}\nabla v \right) \\ & \qquad=\frac{\beta}{\alpha+\beta}H(x)|v|^{\beta-2}v|u|^{\alpha}+\mu h_{2}(x)|v|^{q-2}v, \\ &u(x)\gt 0,\quad v(x)\gt 0, \quad x\in \mathbb{R}^{N} \end{aligned} \right. \] where $\lambda, \mu\gt 0$, $1\lt p\lt N$, $1\lt q\lt p\lt p(\tau+1)\lt \alpha+\beta\lt p^{*}=\frac{Np}{N-p}$, $0\leq a\lt \frac{N-p}{p}$, $a\leq b\lt a+1$, $d=a+1-b\gt 0$, $M(s)=k+l s^{\tau}$, $k\gt 0$, $l, \tau\geq0$ and the weight $H(x), h_{1}(x), h_{2}(x)$ are continuous functions which change sign in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$. We will prove that the problem has at least two positive solutions by using the Nehari manifold and the fibering maps associated with the Euler functional for this problem.

The energy of a type II superconductor submitted to an external magnetic field of intensity close to the second critical field is given by the celebrated Abrikosov energy. If the external magnetic field is comparable to and below the second critical field, the energy is given by a reference function obtained as a special (thermodynamic) limit of a non-linear energy. In this note, we give a new formula for this reference energy. In particular, we obtain it as a special limit of a linear energy defined over configurations normalized in the $L^4$-norm.

A dynamical approximation of a stochastic wave equation with large interaction is derived. A random invariant manifold is discussed. By a key linear transformation, the random invariant manifold is shown to be close to the random invariant manifold of a second-order stochastic ordinary differential equation.

We consider a nonlinear parametric elliptic equation driven by a nonhomogeneous differential operator with a logistic reaction of the superdiffusive type. Using variational methods coupled with suitable truncation and comparison techniques, we prove a bifurcation type result describing the set of positive solutions as the parameter varies.

We show that a class of semilinear Laplace-Beltrami equations on the unit sphere in $\mathbb{R}^n$ has infinitely many rotationally symmetric solutions. The solutions to these equations are the solutions to a two point boundary value problem for a singular ordinary differential equation. We prove the existence of such solutions using energy and phase plane analysis. We derive a Pohozaev-type identity in order to prove that the energy to an associated initial value problem tends to infinity as the energy at the singularity tends to infinity. The nonlinearity is allowed to grow as fast as $|s|^{p-1}s$ for $|s|$ large with $1 \lt p \lt (n+5)/(n-3)$.

This paper is concerned with the following elliptic system of Hamiltonian type \[ \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\triangle u+V(x)u=W_{v}(x, u, v), \ \ \ \ x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{N}, \\ -\triangle v+V(x)v=W_{u}(x, u, v), \ \ \ \ x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{N}, \\ u, v\in H^{1}({\mathbb{R}}^{N}), \end{array} \right. \] where the potential $V$ is periodic and $0$ lies in a gap of the spectrum of $-\Delta+V$, $W(x, s, t)$ is periodic in $x$ and superlinear in $s$ and $t$ at infinity. We develop a direct approach to find ground state solutions of Nehari-Pankov type for the above system. Especially, our method is applicable for the case when \[ W(x, u, v)=\sum_{i=1}^{k}\int_{0}^{|\alpha_iu+\beta_iv|}g_i(x, t)t\mathrm{d}t +\sum_{j=1}^{l}\int_{0}^{\sqrt{u^2+2b_juv+a_jv^2}}h_j(x, t)t\mathrm{d}t, \] where $\alpha_i, \beta_i, a_j, b_j\in \mathbb{R}$ with $\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2\ne 0$ and $a_j\gt b_j^2$, $g_i(x, t)$ and $h_j(x, t)$ are nondecreasing in $t\in \mathbb{R}^{+}$ for every $x\in \mathbb{R}^N$ and $g_i(x, 0)=h_j(x, 0)=0$.

In a previous paper, we proved that $1$-d periodic fractional Schrödinger equation with cubic nonlinearity is locally well-posed in $H^s$ for $s\gt \frac{1-\alpha}{2}$ and globally well-posed for $s\gt \frac{10\alpha-1}{12}$. In this paper we define an invariant probability measure $\mu$ on $H^s$ for $s\lt \alpha-\frac{1}{2}$, so that for any $\epsilon\gt 0$ there is a set $\Omega\subset H^s$ such that $\mu(\Omega^c)\lt \epsilon$ and the equation is globally well-posed for initial data in $\Omega$. We see that this fills the gap between the local well-posedness and the global well-posedness range in almost sure sense for $\frac{1-\alpha}{2}\lt \alpha-\frac{1}{2}$, i.e. $\alpha\gt \frac{2}{3}$ in almost sure sense.

We present various weighted integral inequalities for partial derivatives acting on products and compositions of functions which are applied to establish some new Opial-type inequalities involving functions of several independent variables. We also demonstrate the usefulness of our results in the field of partial differential equations.

Let $A:=-(\nabla-i\vec{a})\cdot(\nabla-i\vec{a})+V$ be a magnetic Schrödinger operator on $\mathbb{R}^n$, where $\vec{a}:=(a_1,\dots, a_n)\in L^2_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $0\le V\in L^1_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ satisfy some reverse Hölder conditions. Let $\varphi\colon \mathbb{R}^n\times[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)$ be such that $\varphi(x,\cdot)$ for any given $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$ is an Orlicz function, $\varphi(\cdot,t)\in {\mathbb A}_{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for all $t\in (0,\infty)$ (the class of uniformly Muckenhoupt weights) and its uniformly critical upper type index $I(\varphi)\in(0,1]$. In this article, the authors prove that second-order Riesz transforms $VA^{-1}$ and $(\nabla-i\vec{a})^2A^{-1}$ are bounded from the Musielak-Orlicz-Hardy space $H_{\varphi,\,A}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, associated with $A$, to the Musielak-Orlicz space $L^{\varphi}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. Moreover, the authors establish the boundedness of $VA^{-1}$ on $H_{\varphi, A}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. As applications, some maximal inequalities associated with $A$ in the scale of $H_{\varphi, A}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ are obtained.

This paper provides an erratum to Y. N. Petridis, N. Raulf, and M. S. Risager, ``Quantum Limits of Eisenstein Series and Scattering States.'' Canad. Math. Bull., published online 2012-02-03, http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/CMB-2011-200-2.