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1. CMB Online first

Louder, Larsen; Wilton, Henry
 Stackings and the $W$-cycles conjecture We prove Wise's $W$-cycles conjecture: Consider a compact graph $\Gamma'$ immersing into another graph $\Gamma$. For any immersed cycle $\Lambda:S^1\to \Gamma$, we consider the map $\Lambda'$ from the circular components $\mathbb{S}$ of the pullback to $\Gamma'$. Unless $\Lambda'$ is reducible, the degree of the covering map $\mathbb{S}\to S^1$ is bounded above by minus the Euler characteristic of $\Gamma'$. As a corollary, any finitely generated subgroup of a one-relator group has finitely generated Schur multiplier. Keywords:free groups, one-relator groups, right-orderabilityCategory:20F65

2. CMB Online first

Motegi, Kimihiko; Teragaito, Masakazu
 Generalized torsion elements and bi-orderability of 3-manifold groups It is known that a bi-orderable group has no generalized torsion element, but the converse does not hold in general. We conjecture that the converse holds for the fundamental groups of $3$-manifolds, and verify the conjecture for non-hyperbolic, geometric $3$-manifolds. We also confirm the conjecture for some infinite families of closed hyperbolic $3$-manifolds. In the course of the proof, we prove that each standard generator of the Fibonacci group $F(2, m)$ ($m \gt 2$) is a generalized torsion element. Keywords:generalized torsion element, bi-ordering, 3-manifold groupCategories:57M25, 57M05, 06F15, 20F05

3. CMB 2017 (vol 60 pp. 246)

Bhuniya, Anjan Kumar; Hansda, Kalyan
 On Radicals of Green's Relations in Ordered Semigroups In this paper, we give a new definition of radicals of Green's relations in an ordered semigroup and characterize left regular (right regular), intra regular ordered semigroups by radicals of Green's relations. Also we characterize the ordered semigroups which are unions and complete semilattices of t-simple ordered semigroups. Keywords:radical of Green's relation, intra regular ordered semigroup, left regular, t-simple ordered semigroupCategory:06F05

4. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 776)

Gauthier, Paul M; Sharifi, Fatemeh
 The CarathÃ©odory Reflection Principle and Osgood-CarathÃ©odory Theorem on Riemann Surfaces The Osgood-CarathÃ©odory theorem asserts that conformal mappings between Jordan domains extend to homeomorphisms between their closures. For multiply-connected domains on Riemann surfaces, similar results can be reduced to the simply-connected case, but we find it simpler to deduce such results using a direct analogue of the CarathÃ©odory reflection principle. Keywords:bordered Riemann surface, reflection principle, Osgood-CarathÃ©odoryCategories:30C25, 30F99

5. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 472)

Clay, Adam; Desmarais, Colin; Naylor, Patrick
 Testing Bi-orderability of Knot Groups We investigate the bi-orderability of two-bridge knot groups and the groups of knots with 12 or fewer crossings by applying recent theorems of Chiswell, Glass and Wilson. Amongst all knots with 12 or fewer crossings (of which there are 2977), previous theorems were only able to determine bi-orderability of 499 of the corresponding knot groups. With our methods we are able to deal with 191 more. Keywords:knots, fundamental groups, orderable groupsCategories:57M25, 57M27, 06F15

6. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 564)

Li, Boyu
 Normal Extensions of Representations of Abelian Semigroups A commuting family of subnormal operators need not have a commuting normal extension. We study when a representation on an abelian semigroup can be extended to a normal representation, and show that it suffices to extend the set of generators to commuting normals. We also extend a result due to Athavale to representations on abelian lattice ordered semigroups. Keywords:subnormal operator, normal extension, regular dilation, lattice ordered semigroupCategories:47B20, 47A20, 47D03

7. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 449)

Abdallah, Nancy
 On Hodge Theory of Singular Plane Curves The dimensions of the graded quotients of the cohomology of a plane curve complement $U=\mathbb P^2 \setminus C$ with respect to the Hodge filtration are described in terms of simple geometrical invariants. The case of curves with ordinary singularities is discussed in detail. We also give a precise numerical estimate for the difference between the Hodge filtration and the pole order filtration on $H^2(U,\mathbb C)$. Keywords:plane curves, Hodge and pole order filtrationsCategories:32S35, 32S22, 14H50

8. CMB 2015 (vol 59 pp. 119)

Hu, Pei-Chu; Li, Bao Qin
 A Simple Proof and Strengthening of a Uniqueness Theorem for L-functions We give a simple proof and strengthening of a uniqueness theorem for functions in the extended Selberg class. Keywords:meromorphic function, Dirichlet series, L-function, zero, order, uniquenessCategories:30B50, 11M41

9. CMB 2015 (vol 59 pp. 182)

Naylor, Geoff; Rolfsen, Dale
 Generalized Torsion in Knot Groups In a group, a nonidentity element is called a generalized torsion element if some product of its conjugates equals the identity. We show that for many classical knots one can find generalized torsion in the fundamental group of its complement, commonly called the knot group. It follows that such a group is not bi-orderable. Examples include all torus knots, the (hyperbolic) knot $5_2$ and algebraic knots in the sense of Milnor. Keywords:knot group, generalized torsion, ordered groupCategories:57M27, 32S55, 29F60

10. CMB 2014 (vol 58 pp. 432)

Yang, Dachun; Yang, Sibei
 Second-order Riesz Transforms and Maximal Inequalities Associated with Magnetic SchrÃ¶dinger Operators Let $A:=-(\nabla-i\vec{a})\cdot(\nabla-i\vec{a})+V$ be a magnetic SchrÃ¶dinger operator on $\mathbb{R}^n$, where $\vec{a}:=(a_1,\dots, a_n)\in L^2_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $0\le V\in L^1_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ satisfy some reverse HÃ¶lder conditions. Let $\varphi\colon \mathbb{R}^n\times[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)$ be such that $\varphi(x,\cdot)$ for any given $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$ is an Orlicz function, $\varphi(\cdot,t)\in {\mathbb A}_{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for all $t\in (0,\infty)$ (the class of uniformly Muckenhoupt weights) and its uniformly critical upper type index $I(\varphi)\in(0,1]$. In this article, the authors prove that second-order Riesz transforms $VA^{-1}$ and $(\nabla-i\vec{a})^2A^{-1}$ are bounded from the Musielak-Orlicz-Hardy space $H_{\varphi,\,A}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, associated with $A$, to the Musielak-Orlicz space $L^{\varphi}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. Moreover, the authors establish the boundedness of $VA^{-1}$ on $H_{\varphi, A}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. As applications, some maximal inequalities associated with $A$ in the scale of $H_{\varphi, A}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ are obtained. Keywords:Musielak-Orlicz-Hardy space, magnetic SchrÃ¶dinger operator, atom, second-order Riesz transform, maximal inequalityCategories:42B30, 42B35, 42B25, 35J10, 42B37, 46E30

11. CMB 2013 (vol 57 pp. 225)

 Small Flag Complexes with Torsion We classify flag complexes on at most $12$ vertices with torsion in the first homology group. The result is moderately computer-aided. As a consequence we confirm a folklore conjecture that the smallest poset whose order complex is homotopy equivalent to the real projective plane (and also the smallest poset with torsion in the first homology group) has exactly $13$ elements. Keywords:clique complex, order complex, homology, torsion, minimal modelCategories:55U10, 06A11, 55P40, 55-04, 05-04

12. CMB 2013 (vol 57 pp. 631)

Sokić, Miodrag
 Indicators, Chains, Antichains, Ramsey Property We introduce two Ramsey classes of finite relational structures. The first class contains finite structures of the form $(A,(I_{i})_{i=1}^{n},\leq ,(\preceq _{i})_{i=1}^{n})$ where $\leq$ is a total ordering on $A$ and $% \preceq _{i}$ is a linear ordering on the set $\{a\in A:I_{i}(a)\}$. The second class contains structures of the form $(A,\leq ,(I_{i})_{i=1}^{n},\preceq )$ where $(A,\leq )$ is a weak ordering and $% \preceq$ is a linear ordering on $A$ such that $A$ is partitioned by $% \{a\in A:I_{i}(a)\}$ into maximal chains in the partial ordering $\leq$ and each $\{a\in A:I_{i}(a)\}$ is an interval with respect to $\preceq$. Keywords:Ramsey property, linear orderingsCategories:05C55, 03C15, 54H20

13. CMB Online first

 Left-orderable fundamental group and Dehn surgery on the knot $5_2$ We show that the resulting manifold by $r$-surgery on the knot $5_2$, which is the two-bridge knot corresponding to the rational number $3/7$, has left-orderable fundamental group if the slope $r$ satisfies $0\le r \le 4$. Keywords:left-ordering, Dehn surgeryCategories:57M25, 06F15

14. CMB Online first

 Left-orderable fundamental group and Dehn surgery on the knot $5_2$ We show that the resulting manifold by $r$-surgery on the knot $5_2$, which is the two-bridge knot corresponding to the rational number $3/7$, has left-orderable fundamental group if the slope $r$ satisfies $0\le r \le 4$. Keywords:left-ordering, Dehn surgeryCategories:57M25, 06F15

15. CMB 2013 (vol 57 pp. 310)

Hakamata, Ryoto; Teragaito, Masakazu
 Left-orderable Fundamental Group and Dehn Surgery on the Knot $5_2$ We show that the resulting manifold by $r$-surgery on the knot $5_2$, which is the two-bridge knot corresponding to the rational number $3/7$, has left-orderable fundamental group if the slope $r$ satisfies $0\le r \le 4$. Keywords:left-ordering, Dehn surgeryCategories:57M25, 06F15

16. CMB 2012 (vol 56 pp. 850)

Teragaito, Masakazu
 Left-orderability and Exceptional Dehn Surgery on Twist Knots We show that any exceptional non-trivial Dehn surgery on a twist knot, except the trefoil, yields a $3$-manifold whose fundamental group is left-orderable. This is a generalization of a result of Clay, Lidman and Watson, and also gives a new supporting evidence for a conjecture of Boyer, Gordon and Watson. Keywords:left-ordering, twist knot, Dehn surgeryCategories:57M25, 06F15

17. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 39)

Ben Amara, Jamel
 Comparison Theorem for Conjugate Points of a Fourth-order Linear Differential Equation In 1961, J. Barrett showed that if the first conjugate point $\eta_1(a)$ exists for the differential equation $(r(x)y'')''= p(x)y,$ where $r(x)\gt 0$ and $p(x)\gt 0$, then so does the first systems-conjugate point $\widehat\eta_1(a)$. The aim of this note is to extend this result to the general equation with middle term $(q(x)y')'$ without further restriction on $q(x)$, other than continuity. Keywords:fourth-order linear differential equation, conjugate points, system-conjugate points, subwronskiansCategories:47E05, 34B05, 34C10

18. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 102)

Kong, Qingkai; Wang, Min
 Eigenvalue Approach to Even Order System Periodic Boundary Value Problems We study an even order system boundary value problem with periodic boundary conditions. By establishing the existence of a positive eigenvalue of an associated linear system Sturm-Liouville problem, we obtain new conditions for the boundary value problem to have a positive solution. Our major tools are the Krein-Rutman theorem for linear spectra and the fixed point index theory for compact operators. Keywords:Green's function, high order system boundary value problems, positive solutions, Sturm-Liouville problemCategories:34B18, 34B24

19. CMB 2011 (vol 55 pp. 339)

Loring, Terry A.
 From Matrix to Operator Inequalities We generalize LÃ¶wner's method for proving that matrix monotone functions are operator monotone. The relation $x\leq y$ on bounded operators is our model for a definition of $C^{*}$-relations being residually finite dimensional. Our main result is a meta-theorem about theorems involving relations on bounded operators. If we can show there are residually finite dimensional relations involved and verify a technical condition, then such a theorem will follow from its restriction to matrices. Applications are shown regarding norms of exponentials, the norms of commutators, and "positive" noncommutative $*$-polynomials. Keywords:$C*$-algebras, matrices, bounded operators, relations, operator norm, order, commutator, exponential, residually finite dimensionalCategories:46L05, 47B99

20. CMB 2011 (vol 54 pp. 566)

Zhou, Xiang-Jun; Shi, Lei; Zhou, Ding-Xuan
 Non-uniform Randomized Sampling for Multivariate Approximation by High Order Parzen Windows We consider approximation of multivariate functions in Sobolev spaces by high order Parzen windows in a non-uniform sampling setting. Sampling points are neither i.i.d. nor regular, but are noised from regular grids by non-uniform shifts of a probability density function. Sample function values at sampling points are drawn according to probability measures with expected values being values of the approximated function. The approximation orders are estimated by means of regularity of the approximated function, the density function, and the order of the Parzen windows, under suitable choices of the scaling parameter. Keywords:multivariate approximation, Sobolev spaces, non-uniform randomized sampling, high order Parzen windows, convergence ratesCategories:68T05, 62J02

21. CMB 2011 (vol 54 pp. 277)

Farley, Jonathan David
 Maximal Sublattices of Finite Distributive Lattices. III: A Conjecture from the 1984 Banff Conference on Graphs and Order Let $L$ be a finite distributive lattice. Let $\operatorname{Sub}_0(L)$ be the lattice $$\{S\mid S\text{ is a sublattice of }L\}\cup\{\emptyset\}$$ and let $\ell_*[\operatorname{Sub}_0(L)]$ be the length of the shortest maximal chain in $\operatorname{Sub}_0(L)$. It is proved that if $K$ and $L$ are non-trivial finite distributive lattices, then $$\ell_*[\operatorname{Sub}_0(K\times L)]=\ell_*[\operatorname{Sub}_0(K)]+\ell_*[\operatorname{Sub}_0(L)].$$ A conjecture from the 1984 Banff Conference on Graphs and Order is thus proved. Keywords:(distributive) lattice, maximal sublattice, (partially) ordered setCategories:06D05, 06D50, 06A07

22. CMB 2010 (vol 54 pp. 270)

Dow, Alan
 Sequential Order Under PFA It is shown that it follows from PFA that there is no compact scattered space of height greater than $\omega$ in which the sequential order and the scattering heights coincide. Keywords:sequential order, scattered spaces, PFACategories:54D55, 03E05, 03E35, 54A20

23. CMB 2010 (vol 54 pp. 381)

Velušček, Dejan
 A Short Note on the Higher Level Version of the Krull--Baer Theorem Klep and Velu\v{s}\v{c}ek generalized the Krull--Baer theorem for higher level preorderings to the non-commutative setting. A $n$-real valuation $v$ on a skew field $D$ induces a group homomorphism $\overline{v}$. A section of $\overline{v}$ is a crucial ingredient of the construction of a complete preordering on the base field $D$ such that its projection on the residue skew field $k_v$ equals the given level $1$ ordering on $k_v$. In the article we give a proof of the existence of the section of $\overline{v}$, which was left as an open problem by Klep and Velu\v{s}\v{c}ek, and thus complete the generalization of the Krull--Baer theorem for preorderings. Keywords:orderings of higher level, division rings, valuationsCategories:14P99, 06Fxx

24. CMB 2010 (vol 53 pp. 475)