It is proved that flatness of an analytic mapping germ from a
complete intersection is determined by its sufficiently high
jet. As a consequence, one obtains finite determinacy of complete
intersections. It is also shown that flatness and openness are
stable under deformations.
We obtain bounds for the number of variables required to establish
Hasse principles, both for existence of solutions and for asymptotic
formulæ, for systems of additive equations containing forms
of differing degree but also multiple forms of like degree.
Apart from the very general estimates of Schmidt and Browning--Heath-Brown,
which give weak results when specialized to the diagonal situation,
this is the first result on such "hybrid" systems. We also obtain
specialised results for systems of quadratic and cubic forms,
where we are able to take advantage of some of the stronger methods
available in that setting. In particular, we achieve essentially
square root cancellation for systems consisting of one cubic
and $r$ quadratic equations.
We study the regularity of convolution powers for measures supported
on
Salem sets, and prove related results on Fourier restriction
and Fourier multipliers. In particular we show
that for $\alpha$ of the form
${d}/{n}$, $n=2,3,\dots$ there exist $\alpha$-Salem measures
for which the $L^2$ Fourier restriction theorem holds in the
range $p\le \frac{2d}{2d-\alpha}$.
The results rely on ideas of Körner.
We extend some of his constructions to obtain upper regular $\alpha$-Salem
measures, with sharp regularity results for $n$-fold convolutions
for all $n\in \mathbb{N}$.
By a tiling of a topological linear space $X$ we mean a
covering of $X$ by at least two closed convex sets,
called tiles, whose nonempty interiors are
pairwise disjoint.
Study of tilings of infinite-dimensional spaces initiated in
the
1980's with pioneer papers by V. Klee.
We prove some general properties of tilings of locally convex
spaces,
and then apply these results to study existence of tilings of
normed and Banach spaces by tiles possessing
certain smoothness or rotundity properties. For a Banach space
$X$,
our main results are the following.
1. $X$ admits no tiling by Fréchet smooth bounded tiles.
2. If $X$ is locally uniformly rotund (LUR), it does not admit
any tiling by balls.
3. On the other hand, some $\ell_1(\Gamma)$ spaces, $\Gamma$
uncountable, do admit
a tiling by pairwise disjoint LUR bounded tiles.
The aim of this paper is to prove that a K3 surface is the minimal
model of the quotient of an Abelian surface by a group $G$ (respectively
of a K3 surface by an Abelian group $G$) if and only if a certain
lattice is primitively embedded in its Néron-Severi group.
This allows one to describe the coarse moduli space of the K3
surfaces which are (rationally) $G$-covered by Abelian or K3
surfaces (in the latter case $G$ is an Abelian group).
If either $G$ has order 2 or $G$ is cyclic and acts on an Abelian
surface, this result was already known, so we extend it to the
other cases.
Moreover, we prove that a K3 surface $X_G$ is the minimal model
of the quotient of an Abelian surface by a group $G$ if and only
if a certain configuration of rational curves is present on $X_G$.
Again this result was known only in some special cases, in particular
if $G$ has order 2 or 3.
Main result: If a C*-algebra $\mathcal{A}$ is simple, $\sigma$-unital,
has finitely many extremal traces, and has strict comparison
of positive elements by traces, then its multiplier algebra
$\operatorname{\mathcal{M}}(\mathcal{A})$
also has strict comparison of positive elements by traces. The
same results holds if ``finitely many extremal traces" is replaced
by ``quasicontinuous scale".
A key ingredient in the proof is that every positive element
in the multiplier algebra of an arbitrary $\sigma$-unital C*-algebra
can be approximated by a bi-diagonal series.
An application of strict comparison: If $\mathcal{A}$ is a simple separable
stable C*-algebra with real rank zero, stable rank one, and
strict comparison of positive elements by traces, then whether
a positive element is a positive linear combination of projections
is determined by the trace values of its range projection.
This paper concerns free function theory. Free maps are free
analogs of analytic functions in several complex variables,
and are defined in terms of freely noncommuting variables.
A function of $g$ noncommuting variables is a function on $g$-tuples
of square matrices of all sizes that respects direct sums and
simultaneous conjugation.
Examples of such maps include noncommutative polynomials, noncommutative
rational functions and convergent noncommutative power series.
In sharp contrast to the existing literature in free analysis, this article
investigates free maps with involution --
free analogs of real analytic functions.
To
get a grip on these,
techniques and tools from invariant theory are developed and
applied to free analysis. Here is a sample of the results obtained.
A characterization of polynomial free maps via properties of
their finite-dimensional slices is presented and then used to
establish power series expansions for analytic free maps about
scalar and non-scalar points; the latter are series of generalized
polynomials for which an invariant-theoretic characterization
is given.
Furthermore,
an inverse and implicit function theorem for free maps with
involution is obtained.
Finally, with a selection of carefully chosen examples
it is shown that
free maps with involution
do not exhibit strong rigidity properties
enjoyed by their involution-free
counterparts.
In this paper we introduce a new way of deforming convolution
algebras and Fourier algebras on locally compact groups. We demonstrate
that this new deformation allows us to reveal some information
of the underlying groups by examining Banach algebra properties
of deformed algebras. More precisely, we focus on representability
as an operator algebra of deformed convolution algebras on compact
connected Lie groups with connection to the real dimension of
the underlying group. Similarly, we investigate complete representability
as an operator algebra of deformed Fourier algebras on some finitely
generated discrete groups with connection to the growth rate
of the group.
The closest infinite dimensional relatives of compact Lie algebras are Hilbert-Lie algebras, i.e. real Hilbert spaces with a Lie
algebra
structure for which the scalar product is invariant.
Locally affine Lie algebras (LALAs)
correspond to double extensions of (twisted) loop algebras
over simple Hilbert-Lie algebras $\mathfrak{k}$, also called
affinisations of $\mathfrak{k}$.
They possess a root space decomposition
whose corresponding root system is a locally affine root system
of one of the $7$ families $A_J^{(1)}$, $B_J^{(1)}$, $C_J^{(1)}$,
$D_J^{(1)}$, $B_J^{(2)}$, $C_J^{(2)}$ and $BC_J^{(2)}$ for some
infinite set $J$. To each of these types corresponds a ``minimal"
affinisation of some simple Hilbert-Lie algebra $\mathfrak{k}$,
which we call standard.
In this paper, we give for each affinisation $\mathfrak{g}$ of
a simple Hilbert-Lie algebra $\mathfrak{k}$ an explicit isomorphism
from $\mathfrak{g}$ to one of the standard affinisations of $\mathfrak{k}$. The existence of such an isomorphism could also be derived from
the classification
of locally affine root systems, but
for representation theoretic purposes it is crucial to obtain
it explicitly
as a deformation between two twists which is compatible
with the root decompositions.
We illustrate this by applying our isomorphism theorem to the
study of positive energy highest weight representations of $\mathfrak{g}$.
In subsequent work, the present paper will be used to obtain
a complete classification
of the positive energy highest weight representations of affinisations
of $\mathfrak{k}$.