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51. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 887)

Borwein, Peter; Pinner, Christopher
 Polynomials with $\{ 0, +1, -1\}$ coefficients and a root close to a given point For a fixed algebraic number $\alpha$ we discuss how closely $\alpha$ can be approximated by a root of a $\{0,+1,-1\}$ polynomial of given degree. We show that the worst rate of approximation tends to occur for roots of unity, particularly those of small degree. For roots of unity these bounds depend on the order of vanishing, $k$, of the polynomial at $\alpha$. In particular we obtain the following. Let ${\cal B}_{N}$ denote the set of roots of all $\{0,+1,-1\}$ polynomials of degree at most $N$ and ${\cal B}_{N}(\alpha,k)$ the roots of those polynomials that have a root of order at most $k$ at $\alpha$. For a Pisot number $\alpha$ in $(1,2]$ we show that $\min_{\beta \in {\cal B}_{N}\setminus \{ \alpha \}} |\alpha -\beta| \asymp \frac{1}{\alpha^{N}},$ and for a root of unity $\alpha$ that $\min_{\beta \in {\cal B}_{N}(\alpha,k)\setminus \{\alpha\}} |\alpha -\beta|\asymp \frac{1}{N^{(k+1) \left\lceil \frac{1}{2}\phi (d)\right\rceil +1}}.$ We study in detail the case of $\alpha=1$, where, by far, the best approximations are real. We give fairly precise bounds on the closest real root to 1. When $k=0$ or 1 we can describe the extremal polynomials explicitly. Keywords:Mahler measure, zero one polynomials, Pisot numbers, root separationCategories:11J68, 30C10

52. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 617)

Stahl, Saul
 On the zeros of some genus polynomials In the genus polynomial of the graph $G$, the coefficient of $x^k$ is the number of distinct embeddings of the graph $G$ on the oriented surface of genus $k$. It is shown that for several infinite families of graphs all the zeros of the genus polynomial are real and negative. This implies that their coefficients, which constitute the genus distribution of the graph, are log concave and therefore also unimodal. The geometric distribution of the zeros of some of these polynomials is also investigated and some new genus polynomials are presented. Categories:05C10, 05A15, 30C15, 26C10

53. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 520)

Ismail, Mourad E. H.; Stanton, Dennis
 Classical orthogonal polynomials as moments We show that the Meixner, Pollaczek, Meixner-Pollaczek, the continuous $q$-ultraspherical polynomials and Al-Salam-Chihara polynomials, in certain normalization, are moments of probability measures. We use this fact to derive bilinear and multilinear generating functions for some of these polynomials. We also comment on the corresponding formulas for the Charlier, Hermite and Laguerre polynomials. Keywords:Classical orthogonal polynomials, \ACP, continuous, $q$-ultraspherical polynomials, generating functions, multilinear, generating functions, transformation formulas, umbral calculusCategories:33D45, 33D20, 33C45, 30E05

54. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 100)

Lance, T. L.; Stessin, M. I.
 Multiplication Invariant Subspaces of Hardy Spaces This paper studies closed subspaces $L$ of the Hardy spaces $H^p$ which are $g$-invariant ({\it i.e.}, $g\cdot L \subseteq L)$ where $g$ is inner, $g\neq 1$. If $p=2$, the Wold decomposition theorem implies that there is a countable $g$-basis'' $f_1, f_2,\ldots$ of $L$ in the sense that $L$ is a direct sum of spaces $f_j\cdot H^2[g]$ where $H^2[g] = \{f\circ g \mid f\in H^2\}$. The basis elements $f_j$ satisfy the additional property that $\int_T |f_j|^2 g^k=0$, $k=1,2,\ldots\,.$ We call such functions $g$-$2$-inner. It also follows that any $f\in H^2$ can be factored $f=h_{f,2}\cdot (F_2\circ g)$ where $h_{f,2}$ is $g$-$2$-inner and $F$ is outer, generalizing the classical Riesz factorization. Using $L^p$ estimates for the canonical decomposition of $H^2$, we find a factorization $f=h_{f,p} \cdot (F_p \circ g)$ for $f\in H^p$. If $p\geq 1$ and $g$ is a finite Blaschke product we obtain, for any $g$-invariant $L\subseteq H^p$, a finite $g$-basis of $g$-$p$-inner functions. Categories:30H05, 46E15, 47B38

55. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 55)

Chen, Huaihui; Gauthier, Paul M.
 Normal Functions: $L^p$ Estimates For a meromorphic (or harmonic) function $f$, let us call the dilation of $f$ at $z$ the ratio of the (spherical) metric at $f(z)$ and the (hyperbolic) metric at $z$. Inequalities are known which estimate the $\sup$ norm of the dilation in terms of its $L^p$ norm, for $p>2$, while capitalizing on the symmetries of $f$. In the present paper we weaken the hypothesis by showing that such estimates persist even if the $L^p$ norms are taken only over the set of $z$ on which $f$ takes values in a fixed spherical disk. Naturally, the bigger the disk, the better the estimate. Also, We give estimates for holomorphic functions without zeros and for harmonic functions in the case that $p=2$. Categories:30D45, 30F35
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