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1. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 750)

Göbel, Rüdiger; Shelah, Saharon; Strüngmann, Lutz
 Almost-Free $E$-Rings of Cardinality $\aleph_1$ An $E$-ring is a unital ring $R$ such that every endomorphism of the underlying abelian group $R^+$ is multiplication by some ring element. The existence of almost-free $E$-rings of cardinality greater than $2^{\aleph_0}$ is undecidable in $\ZFC$. While they exist in G\"odel's universe, they do not exist in other models of set theory. For a regular cardinal $\aleph_1 \leq \lambda \leq 2^{\aleph_0}$ we construct $E$-rings of cardinality $\lambda$ in $\ZFC$ which have $\aleph_1$-free additive structure. For $\lambda=\aleph_1$ we therefore obtain the existence of almost-free $E$-rings of cardinality $\aleph_1$ in $\ZFC$. Keywords:$E$-rings, almost-free modulesCategories:20K20, 20K30, 13B10, 13B25
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