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76. CJM 2010 (vol 62 pp. 1099)

Goldmakher, Leo
 Character Sums to Smooth Moduli are Small Recently, Granville and Soundararajan have made fundamental breakthroughs in the study of character sums. Building on their work and using estimates on short character sums developed by Graham--Ringrose and Iwaniec, we improve the PÃ³lya--Vinogradov inequality for characters with smooth conductor. Categories:11L40, 11M06

77. CJM 2010 (vol 62 pp. 914)

Zorn, Christian
 Reducibility of the Principal Series for Sp~2(F) over a p-adic Field Let $G_n=\mathrm{Sp}_n(F)$ be the rank $n$ symplectic group with entries in a nondyadic $p$-adic field $F$. We further let $\widetilde{G}_n$ be the metaplectic extension of $G_n$ by $\mathbb{C}^{1}=\{z\in\mathbb{C}^{\times} \mid |z|=1\}$ defined using the Leray cocycle. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate the complete list of reducibility points of the genuine principal series of ${\widetilde{G}_2}$. In most cases, we will use some techniques developed by TadiÄ that analyze the Jacquet modules with respect to all of the parabolics containing a fixed Borel. The exceptional cases involve representations induced from unitary characters $\chi$ with $\chi^2=1$. Because such representations $\pi$ are unitary, to show the irreducibility of $\pi$, it suffices to show that $\dim_{\mathbb{C}}\mathrm{Hom}_{{\widetilde{G}}}(\pi,\pi)=1$. We will accomplish this by examining the poles of certain intertwining operators associated to simple roots. Then some results of Shahidi and Ban decompose arbitrary intertwining operators into a composition of operators corresponding to the simple roots of ${\widetilde{G}_2}$. We will then be able to show that all such operators have poles at principal series representations induced from quadratic characters and therefore such operators do not extend to operators in $\mathrm{Hom}_{{\widetilde{G}_2}}(\pi,\pi)$ for the $\pi$ in question. Categories:22E50, 11F70

78. CJM 2010 (vol 62 pp. 1060)

Darmon, Henri; Tian, Ye
 Heegner Points over Towers of Kummer Extensions Let $E$ be an elliptic curve, and let $L_n$ be the Kummer extension generated by a primitive $p^n$-th root of unity and a $p^n$-th root of $a$ for a fixed $a\in \mathbb{Q}^\times-\{\pm 1\}$. A detailed case study by Coates, Fukaya, Kato and Sujatha and V. Dokchitser has led these authors to predict unbounded and strikingly regular growth for the rank of $E$ over $L_n$ in certain cases. The aim of this note is to explain how some of these predictions might be accounted for by Heegner points arising from a varying collection of Shimura curve parametrisations. Categories:11G05, 11R23, 11F46

79. CJM 2010 (vol 62 pp. 543)

Hare, Kevin G.
 More Variations on the SierpiÅski Sieve This paper answers a question of Broomhead, Montaldi and Sidorov about the existence of gaskets of a particular type related to the SierpiÅski sieve. These gaskets are given by iterated function systems that do not satisfy the open set condition. We use the methods of Ngai and Wang to compute the dimension of these gaskets. Categories:28A80, 28A78, 11R06

80. CJM 2010 (vol 62 pp. 787)

Landquist, E.; Rozenhart, P.; Scheidler, R.; Webster, J.; Wu, Q.
 An Explicit Treatment of Cubic Function Fields with Applications We give an explicit treatment of cubic function fields of characteristic at least five. This includes an efficient technique for converting such a field into standard form, formulae for the field discriminant and the genus, simple necessary and sufficient criteria for non-singularity of the defining curve, and a characterization of all triangular integral bases. Our main result is a description of the signature of any rational place in a cubic extension that involves only the defining curve and the order of the base field. All these quantities only require simple polynomial arithmetic as well as a few square-free polynomial factorizations and, in some cases, square and cube root extraction modulo an irreducible polynomial. We also illustrate why and how signature computation plays an important role in computing the class number of the function field. This in turn has applications to the study of zeros of zeta functions of function fields. Keywords:cubic function field, discriminant, non-singularity, integral basis, genus, signature of a place, class numberCategories:14H05, 11R58, 14H45, 11G20, 11G30, 11R16, 11R29

81. CJM 2010 (vol 62 pp. 668)

Vollaard, Inken
 The Supersingular Locus of the Shimura Variety for GU(1,s) In this paper we study the supersingular locus of the reduction modulo $p$ of the Shimura variety for $GU(1,s)$ in the case of an inert prime $p$. Using DieudonnÃ© theory we define a stratification of the corresponding moduli space of $p$-divisible groups. We describe the incidence relation of this stratification in terms of the Bruhat--Tits building of a unitary group. In the case of $GU(1,2)$, we show that the supersingular locus is equidimensional of dimension 1 and is of complete intersection. We give an explicit description of the irreducible components and their intersection behaviour. Categories:14G35, 11G18, 14K10

82. CJM 2010 (vol 62 pp. 563)

Ishii, Taku
 Whittaker Functions on Real Semisimple Lie Groups of Rank Two We give explicit formulas for Whittaker functions on real semisimple Lie groups of real rank two belonging to the class one principal series representations. By using these formulas we compute certain archimedean zeta integrals. Categories:11F70, 22E30

83. CJM 2009 (vol 62 pp. 157)

 Special Values of Class Group $L$-Functions for CM Fields Let $H$ be the Hilbert class field of a CM number field $K$ with maximal totally real subfield $F$ of degree $n$ over $\mathbb{Q}$. We evaluate the second term in the Taylor expansion at $s=0$ of the Galois-equivariant $L$-function $\Theta_{S_{\infty}}(s)$ associated to the unramified abelian characters of $\operatorname{Gal}(H/K)$. This is an identity in the group ring $\mathbb{C}[\operatorname{Gal}(H/K)]$ expressing $\Theta^{(n)}_{S_{\infty}}(0)$ as essentially a linear combination of logarithms of special values $\{\Psi(z_{\sigma})\}$, where $\Psi\colon \mathbb{H}^{n} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a Hilbert modular function for a congruence subgroup of $SL_{2}(\mathcal{O}_{F})$ and $\{z_{\sigma}: \sigma \in \operatorname{Gal}(H/K)\}$ are CM points on a universal Hilbert modular variety. We apply this result to express the relative class number $h_{H}/h_{K}$ as a rational multiple of the determinant of an $(h_{K}-1) \times (h_{K}-1)$ matrix of logarithms of ratios of special values $\Psi(z_{\sigma})$, thus giving rise to candidates for higher analogs of elliptic units. Finally, we obtain a product formula for $\Psi(z_{\sigma})$ in terms of exponentials of special values of $L$-functions. Keywords:Artin $L$-function, CM point, Hilbert modular function, Rubin-Stark conjectureCategories:11R42, 11F30

84. CJM 2009 (vol 62 pp. 582)

Konyagin, Sergei V.; Pomerance, Carl; Shparlinski, Igor E.
 On the Distribution of Pseudopowers An x-pseudopower to base g is a positive integer that is not a power of g, yet is so modulo p for all primes $ple x$. We improve an upper bound for the least such number, due to E.~Bach, R.~Lukes, J.~Shallit, and H.~C.~Williams. The method is based on a combination of some bounds of exponential sums with new results about the average behaviour of the multiplicative order of g modulo prime numbers. Categories:11A07, 11L07, 11N36

85. CJM 2009 (vol 62 pp. 456)

Yang, Tonghai
 The ChowlaâSelberg Formula and The Colmez Conjecture In this paper, we reinterpret the Colmez conjecture on the Faltings height of CM abelian varieties in terms of Hilbert (and Siegel) modular forms. We construct an elliptic modular form involving the Faltings height of a CM abelian surface and arithmetic intersection numbers, and prove that the Colmez conjecture for CM abelian surfaces is equivalent to the cuspidality of this modular form. Categories:11G15, 11F41, 14K22

86. CJM 2009 (vol 62 pp. 400)

Prasanna, Kartik
 On p-Adic Properties of Central L-Values of Quadratic Twists of an Elliptic Curve We study $p$-indivisibility of the central values $L(1,E_d)$ of quadratic twists $E_d$ of a semi-stable elliptic curve $E$ of conductor $N$. A consideration of the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer shows that the set of quadratic discriminants $d$ splits naturally into several families $\mathcal{F}_S$, indexed by subsets $S$ of the primes dividing $N$. Let $\delta_S= \gcd_{d\in \mathcal{F}_S} L(1,E_d)^{\operatorname{alg}}$, where $L(1,E_d)^{\operatorname{alg}}$ denotes the algebraic part of the central $L$-value, $L(1,E_d)$. Our main theorem relates the $p$-adic valuations of $\delta_S$ as $S$ varies. As a consequence we present an application to a refined version of a question of Kolyvagin. Finally we explain an intriguing (albeit speculative) relation between Waldspurger packets on $\widetilde{\operatorname{SL}_2}$ and congruences of modular forms of integral and half-integral weight. In this context, we formulate a conjecture on congruences of half-integral weight forms and explain its relevance to the problem of $p$-indivisibility of $L$-values of quadratic twists. Categories:11F40, 11F67, 11G05

87. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 1383)

Wambach, Eric
 Integral Representation for $U_{3} \times \GL_{2}$ Gelbart and Piatetskii-Shapiro constructed various integral representations of Rankin--Sel\-berg type for groups $G \times \GL_{n}$, where $G$ is of split rank $n$. Here we show that their method can equally well be applied to the product $U_{3} \times \GL_{2}$, where $U_{3}$ denotes the quasisplit unitary group in three variables. As an application, we describe which cuspidal automorphic representations of $U_{3}$ occur in the Siegel induced residual spectrum of the quasisplit $U_{4}$. Categories:11F70, 11F67

88. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 1341)

Rivoal, Tanguy
 Simultaneous Polynomial Approximations of the Lerch Function We construct bivariate polynomial approximations of the Lerch function that for certain specialisations of the variables and parameters turn out to be Hermite--Pad\'e approximants either of the polylogarithms or of Hurwitz zeta functions. In the former case, we recover known results, while in the latter the results are new and generalise some recent works of Beukers and Pr\'evost. Finally, we make a detailed comparison of our work with Beukers'. Such constructions are useful in the arithmetical study of the values of the Riemann zeta function at integer points and of the Kubota--Leopold $p$-adic zeta function. Categories:41A10, 41A21, 11J72

89. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 1214)

Cilleruelo, Javier; Granville, Andrew
 Close Lattice Points on Circles We classify the sets of four lattice points that all lie on a short arc of a circle that has its center at the origin; specifically on arcs of length $tR^{1/3}$ on a circle of radius $R$, for any given $t>0$. In particular we prove that any arc of length $(40 + \frac{40}3\sqrt{10} )^{1/3}R^{1/3}$ on a circle of radius $R$, with $R>\sqrt{65}$, contains at most three lattice points, whereas we give an explicit infinite family of $4$-tuples of lattice points, $(\nu_{1,n},\nu_{2,n},\nu_{3,n},\nu_{4,n})$, each of which lies on an arc of length $(40 + \frac{40}3\sqrt{10})^{\smash{1/3}}R_n^{\smash{1/3}}+o(1)$ on a circle of radius $R_n$. Category:11N36

90. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 1073)

Griffiths, Ross; Lescop, Mikaël
 On the $2$-Rank of the Hilbert Kernel of Number Fields Let $E/F$ be a quadratic extension of number fields. In this paper, we show that the genus formula for Hilbert kernels, proved by M. Kolster and A. Movahhedi, gives the $2$-rank of the Hilbert kernel of $E$ provided that the $2$-primary Hilbert kernel of $F$ is trivial. However, since the original genus formula is not explicit enough in a very particular case, we first develop a refinement of this formula in order to employ it in the calculation of the $2$-rank of $E$ whenever $F$ is totally real with trivial $2$-primary Hilbert kernel. Finally, we apply our results to quadratic, bi-quadratic, and tri-quadratic fields which include a complete $2$-rank formula for the family of fields $\Q(\sqrt{2},\sqrt{\delta})$ where $\delta$ is a squarefree integer. Categories:11R70, 19F15

91. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 1118)

Pontreau, Corentin
 Petits points d'une surface Pour toute sous-vari\'et\'e g\'eom\'etriquement irr\'eductible $V$ du grou\-pe multiplicatif $\mathbb{G}_m^n$, on sait qu'en dehors d'un nombre fini de translat\'es de tores exceptionnels inclus dans $V$, tous les points sont de hauteur minor\'ee par une certaine quantit\'e $q(V)^{-1}>0$. On conna\^it de plus une borne sup\'erieure pour la somme des degr\'es de ces translat\'es de tores pour des valeurs de $q(V)$ polynomiales en le degr\'e de $V$. Ceci n'est pas le cas si l'on exige une minoration quasi-optimale pour la hauteur des points de $V$, essentiellement lin\'eaire en l'inverse du degr\'e. Nous apportons ici une r\'eponse partielle \a ce probl\eme\,: nous donnons une majoration de la somme des degr\'es de ces translat\'es de sous-tores de codimension $1$ d'une hypersurface $V$. Les r\'esultats, obtenus dans le cas de $\mathbb{G}_m^3$, mais compl\etement explicites, peuvent toutefois s'\'etendre \a $\mathbb{G}_m^n$, moyennant quelques petites complications inh\'erentes \a la dimension $n$. Keywords:Hauteur normalisÃ©e, groupe multiplicatif, problÃ¨me de Lehmer, petits pointsCategories:11G50, 11J81, 14G40

92. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 779)

Grbac, Neven
 Residual Spectra of Split Classical Groups and their Inner Forms This paper is concerned with the residual spectrum of the hermitian quaternionic classical groups $G_n'$ and $H_n'$ defined as algebraic groups for a quaternion algebra over an algebraic number field. Groups $G_n'$ and $H_n'$ are not quasi-split. They are inner forms of the split groups $\SO_{4n}$ and $\Sp_{4n}$. Hence, the parts of the residual spectrum of $G_n'$ and $H_n'$ obtained in this paper are compared to the corresponding parts for the split groups $\SO_{4n}$ and $\Sp_{4n}$. Categories:11F70, 22E55

93. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 828)

Howard, Benjamin
 Twisted Gross--Zagier Theorems The theorems of Gross--Zagier and Zhang relate the N\'eron--Tate heights of complex multiplication points on the modular curve $X_0(N)$ (and on Shimura curve analogues) with the central derivatives of automorphic $L$-function. We extend these results to include certain CM points on modular curves of the form $X(\Gamma_0(M)\cap\Gamma_1(S))$ (and on Shimura curve analogues). These results are motivated by applications to Hida theory that can be found in the companion article "Central derivatives of $L$-functions in Hida families", Math.\ Ann.\ \textbf{399}(2007), 803--818. Categories:11G18, 14G35

94. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 617)

Kim, Wook
 Square Integrable Representations and the Standard Module Conjecture for General Spin Groups In this paper we study square integrable representations and $L$-functions for quasisplit general spin groups over a $p$-adic field. In the first part, the holomorphy of $L$-functions in a half plane is proved by using a variant form of Casselman's square integrability criterion and the Langlands--Shahidi method. The remaining part focuses on the proof of the standard module conjecture. We generalize Mui\'c's idea via the Langlands--Shahidi method towards a proof of the conjecture. It is used in the work of M. Asgari and F. Shahidi on generic transfer for general spin groups. Categories:11F70, 11F85

95. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 481)

Banks, William D.; Garaev, Moubariz Z.; Luca, Florian; Shparlinski, Igor E.
 Uniform Distribution of Fractional Parts Related to Pseudoprimes We estimate exponential sums with the Fermat-like quotients $$f_g(n) = \frac{g^{n-1} - 1}{n} \quad\text{and}\quad h_g(n)=\frac{g^{n-1}-1}{P(n)},$$ where $g$ and $n$ are positive integers, $n$ is composite, and $P(n)$ is the largest prime factor of $n$. Clearly, both $f_g(n)$ and $h_g(n)$ are integers if $n$ is a Fermat pseudoprime to base $g$, and if $n$ is a Carmichael number, this is true for all $g$ coprime to $n$. Nevertheless, our bounds imply that the fractional parts $\{f_g(n)\}$ and $\{h_g(n)\}$ are uniformly distributed, on average over~$g$ for $f_g(n)$, and individually for $h_g(n)$. We also obtain similar results with the functions ${\widetilde f}_g(n) = gf_g(n)$ and ${\widetilde h}_g(n) = gh_g(n)$. Categories:11L07, 11N37, 11N60

96. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 583)

Hajir, Farshid
 Algebraic Properties of a Family of Generalized Laguerre Polynomials We study the algebraic properties of Generalized Laguerre Polynomials for negative integral values of the parameter. For integers $r,n\geq 0$, we conjecture that $L_n^{(-1-n-r)}(x) = \sum_{j=0}^n \binom{n-j+r}{n-j}x^j/j!$ is a $\Q$-irreducible polynomial whose Galois group contains the alternating group on $n$ letters. That this is so for $r=n$ was conjectured in the 1950's by Grosswald and proven recently by Filaseta and Trifonov. It follows from recent work of Hajir and Wong that the conjecture is true when $r$ is large with respect to $n\geq 5$. Here we verify it in three situations: i) when $n$ is large with respect to $r$, ii) when $r \leq 8$, and iii) when $n\leq 4$. The main tool is the theory of $p$-adic Newton Polygons. Categories:11R09, 05E35

97. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 518)

Belliard, Jean-Robert
 Global Units Modulo Circular Units: Descent Without Iwasawa's Main Conjecture Iwasawa's classical asymptotical formula relates the orders of the $p$-parts $X_n$ of the ideal class groups along a $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension $F_\infty/F$ of a number field $F$ to Iwasawa structural invariants $\la$ and $\mu$ attached to the inverse limit $X_\infty=\varprojlim X_n$. It relies on `good" descent properties satisfied by $X_n$. If $F$ is abelian and $F_\infty$ is cyclotomic, it is known that the $p$-parts of the orders of the global units modulo circular units $U_n/C_n$ are asymptotically equivalent to the $p$-parts of the ideal class numbers. This suggests that these quotients $U_n/C_n$, so to speak unit class groups, also satisfy good descent properties. We show this directly, \emph{i.e.,} without using Iwasawa's Main Conjecture. Category:11R23

98. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 674)

Pollack, David; Pollack, Robert
 A Construction of Rigid Analytic Cohomology Classes for Congruence Subgroups of $\SL_3(\mathbb Z)$ We give a constructive proof, in the special case of ${\rm GL}_3$, of a theorem of Ash and Stevens which compares overconvergent cohomology to classical cohomology. Namely, we show that every ordinary classical Hecke-eigenclass can be lifted uniquely to a rigid analytic eigenclass. Our basic method builds on the ideas of M. Greenberg; we first form an arbitrary lift of the classical eigenclass to a distribution-valued cochain. Then, by appropriately iterating the $U_p$-operator, we produce a cocycle whose image in cohomology is the desired eigenclass. The constructive nature of this proof makes it possible to perform computer computations to approximate these interesting overconvergent eigenclasses. Categories:11F75, 11F85

99. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 264)

Bell, J. P.; Hare, K. G.
 On $\BbZ$-Modules of Algebraic Integers Let $q$ be an algebraic integer of degree $d \geq 2$. Consider the rank of the multiplicative subgroup of $\BbC^*$ generated by the conjugates of $q$. We say $q$ is of {\em full rank} if either the rank is $d-1$ and $q$ has norm $\pm 1$, or the rank is $d$. In this paper we study some properties of $\BbZ[q]$ where $q$ is an algebraic integer of full rank. The special cases of when $q$ is a Pisot number and when $q$ is a Pisot-cyclotomic number are also studied. There are four main results. \begin{compactenum}[\rm(1)] \item If $q$ is an algebraic integer of full rank and $n$ is a fixed positive integer, then there are only finitely many $m$ such that $\disc\left(\BbZ[q^m]\right)=\disc\left(\BbZ[q^n]\right)$. \item If $q$ and $r$ are algebraic integers of degree $d$ of full rank and $\BbZ[q^n] = \BbZ[r^n]$ for infinitely many $n$, then either $q = \omega r'$ or $q={\rm Norm}(r)^{2/d}\omega/r'$, where $r'$ is some conjugate of $r$ and $\omega$ is some root of unity. \item Let $r$ be an algebraic integer of degree at most $3$. Then there are at most $40$ Pisot numbers $q$ such that $\BbZ[q] = \BbZ[r]$. \item There are only finitely many Pisot-cyclotomic numbers of any fixed order. \end{compactenum} Keywords:algebraic integers, Pisot numbers, full rank, discriminantCategories:11R04, 11R06

100. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 465)

Woodford, Roger
 On Partitions into Powers of Primes and Their Difference Functions In this paper, we extend the approach first outlined by Hardy and Ramanujan for calculating the asymptotic formulae for the number of partitions into $r$-th powers of primes, $p_{\mathbb{P}^{(r)}}(n)$, to include their difference functions. In doing so, we rectify an oversight of said authors, namely that the first difference function is perforce positive for all values of $n$, and include the magnitude of the error term. Categories:05A17, 11P81
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