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1. CJM 2016 (vol 68 pp. 571)

Gras, Georges
 Les $\theta$-rÃ©gulateurs locaux d'un nombre algÃ©brique : Conjectures $p$-adiques Let $K/\mathbb{Q}$ be Galois and let $\eta\in K^\times$ be such that $\operatorname{Reg}_\infty (\eta) \ne 0$. We define the local $\theta$-regulators $\Delta_p^\theta(\eta) \in \mathbb{F}_p$ for the $\mathbb{Q}_p\,$-irreducible characters $\theta$ of $G=\operatorname{Gal}(K/\mathbb{Q})$. A linear representation ${\mathcal L}^\theta\simeq \delta \, V_\theta$ is associated with $\Delta_p^\theta (\eta)$ whose nullity is equivalent to $\delta \geq 1$. Each $\Delta_p^\theta (\eta)$ yields $\operatorname{Reg}_p^\theta (\eta)$ modulo $p$ in the factorization $\prod_{\theta}(\operatorname{Reg}_p^\theta (\eta))^{\varphi(1)}$ of $\operatorname{Reg}_p^G (\eta) := \frac{ \operatorname{Reg}_p(\eta)}{p^{[K : \mathbb{Q}\,]} }$ (normalized $p$-adic regulator). From $\operatorname{Prob}\big (\Delta_p^\theta(\eta) = 0 \ \& \ {\mathcal L}^\theta \simeq \delta \, V_\theta\big ) \leq p^{- f \delta^2}$ ($f \geq 1$ is a residue degree) and the Borel-Cantelli heuristic, we conjecture that, for $p$ large enough, $\operatorname{Reg}_p^G (\eta)$ is a $p$-adic unit or that $p^{\varphi(1)} \parallel \operatorname{Reg}_p^G (\eta)$ (a single $\theta$ with $f=\delta=1$); this obstruction may be lifted assuming the existence of a binomial probability law confirmed through numerical studies (groups $C_3$, $C_5$, $D_6$). This conjecture would imply that, for all $p$ large enough, Fermat quotients, normalized $p$-adic regulators are $p$-adic units and that number fields are $p$-rational. We recall some deep cohomological results that may strengthen such conjectures. Keywords:$p$-adic regulators, Leopoldt-Jaulent conjecture, Frobenius group determinants, characters, Fermat quotient, Abelian $p$-ramification, probabilistic number theoryCategories:11F85, 11R04, 20C15, 11C20, 11R37, 11R27, 11Y40

2. CJM 2015 (vol 67 pp. 1411)

Kawakami, Yu
 Function-theoretic Properties for the Gauss Maps of Various Classes of Surfaces We elucidate the geometric background of function-theoretic properties for the Gauss maps of several classes of immersed surfaces in three-dimensional space forms, for example, minimal surfaces in Euclidean three-space, improper affine spheres in the affine three-space, and constant mean curvature one surfaces and flat surfaces in hyperbolic three-space. To achieve this purpose, we prove an optimal curvature bound for a specified conformal metric on an open Riemann surface and give some applications. We also provide unicity theorems for the Gauss maps of these classes of surfaces. Keywords:Gauss map, minimal surface, constant mean curvature surface, front, ramification, omitted value, the Ahlfors island theorem, unicity theorem.Categories:53C42, 30D35, 30F45, 53A10, 53A15

3. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 1007)

Elder, G. Griffith
 Galois module structure of ambiguous ideals in biquadratic extensions Let $N/K$ be a biquadratic extension of algebraic number fields, and $G=\Gal (N/K)$. Under a weak restriction on the ramification filtration associated with each prime of $K$ above $2$, we explicitly describe the $\bZ[G]$-module structure of each ambiguous ideal of $N$. We find under this restriction that in the representation of each ambiguous ideal as a $\bZ[G]$-module, the exponent (or multiplicity) of each indecomposable module is determined by the invariants of ramification, alone. For a given group, $G$, define ${\cal S}_G$ to be the set of indecomposable $\bZ[G]$-modules, ${\cal M}$, such that there is an extension, $N/K$, for which $G\cong\Gal (N/K)$, and ${\cal M}$ is a $\bZ[G]$-module summand of an ambiguous ideal of $N$. Can ${\cal S}_G$ ever be infinite? In this paper we answer this question of Chinburg in the affirmative. Keywords:Galois module structure, wild ramificationCategories:11R33, 11S15, 20C32
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