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Search: All articles in the CJM digital archive with keyword Difference equations

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1. CJM 2016 (vol 69 pp. 687)

Ovchinnikov, Alexey; Wibmer, Michael
 Tannakian Categories with Semigroup Actions Ostrowski's theorem implies that $\log(x),\log(x+1),\dots$ are algebraically independent over $\mathbb{C}(x)$. More generally, for a linear differential or difference equation, it is an important problem to find all algebraic dependencies among a non-zero solution $y$ and particular transformations of $y$, such as derivatives of $y$ with respect to parameters, shifts of the arguments, rescaling, etc. In the present paper, we develop a theory of Tannakian categories with semigroup actions, which will be used to attack such questions in full generality, as each linear differential equation gives rise to a Tannakian category. Deligne studied actions of braid groups on categories and obtained a finite collection of axioms that characterizes such actions to apply it to various geometric constructions. In this paper, we find a finite set of axioms that characterizes actions of semigroups that are finite free products of semigroups of the form $\mathbb{N}^n\times \mathbb{Z}/{n_1}\mathbb{Z}\times\cdots\times\mathbb{Z}/{n_r}\mathbb{Z}$ on Tannakian categories. This is the class of semigroups that appear in many applications. Keywords:semigroup actions on categories, Tannakian categories, difference algebraic groups, differential and difference equations with parametersCategories:18D10, 12H10, 20G05, 33C05, 33C80, 34K06

2. CJM 2015 (vol 67 pp. 1270)

Carcamo, Cristian; Vidal, Claudio
 Stability of Equilibrium Solutions in Planar Hamiltonian Difference Systems In this paper, we study the stability in the Lyapunov sense of the equilibrium solutions of discrete or difference Hamiltonian systems in the plane. First, we perform a detailed study of linear Hamiltonian systems as a function of the parameters, in particular we analyze the regular and the degenerate cases. Next, we give a detailed study of the normal form associated with the linear Hamiltonian system. At the same time we obtain the conditions under which we can get stability (in linear approximation) of the equilibrium solution, classifying all the possible phase diagrams as a function of the parameters. After that, we study the stability of the equilibrium solutions of the first order difference system in the plane associated to mechanical Hamiltonian system and Hamiltonian system defined by cubic polynomials. Finally, important differences with the continuous case are pointed out. Keywords:difference equations, Hamiltonian systems, stability in the Lyapunov senseCategories:34D20, 34E10

3. CJM 2014 (vol 67 pp. 1065)

Ducrot, Arnaud; Magal, Pierre; Seydi, Ousmane
 A Finite-time Condition for Exponential Trichotomy in Infinite Dynamical Systems In this article we study exponential trichotomy for infinite dimensional discrete time dynamical systems. The goal of this article is to prove that finite time exponential trichotomy conditions allow to derive exponential trichotomy for any times. We present an application to the case of pseudo orbits in some neighborhood of a normally hyperbolic set. Keywords:exponential trichotomy, exponential dichotomy, discrete time dynamical systems, difference equationsCategories:34D09, 34A10

4. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 709)

Ismail, Mourad E. H.; Stanton, Dennis
 $q$-Integral and Moment Representations for $q$-Orthogonal Polynomials We develop a method for deriving integral representations of certain orthogonal polynomials as moments. These moment representations are applied to find linear and multilinear generating functions for $q$-orthogonal polynomials. As a byproduct we establish new transformation formulas for combinations of basic hypergeometric functions, including a new representation of the $q$-exponential function $\mathcal{E}_q$. Keywords:$q$-integral, $q$-orthogonal polynomials, associated polynomials, $q$-difference equations, generating functions, Al-Salam-Chihara polynomials, continuous $q$-ultraspherical polynomialsCategories:33D45, 33D20, 33C45, 30E05
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