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# Toric geometry of $SL_2(\mathbb{C})$ free group character varieties from outer space

Published:2017-03-02

• Christopher Manon,
Department of Mathematics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
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## Abstract

Culler and Vogtmann defined a simplicial space $O(g)$ called outer space to study the outer automorphism group of the free group $F_g$. Using representation theoretic methods, we give an embedding of $O(g)$ into the analytification of $\mathcal{X}(F_g, SL_2(\mathbb{C})),$ the $SL_2(\mathbb{C})$ character variety of $F_g,$ reproving a result of Morgan and Shalen. Then we show that every point $v$ contained in a maximal cell of $O(g)$ defines a flat degeneration of $\mathcal{X}(F_g, SL_2(\mathbb{C}))$ to a toric variety $X(P_{\Gamma})$. We relate $\mathcal{X}(F_g, SL_2(\mathbb{C}))$ and $X(v)$ topologically by showing that there is a surjective, continuous, proper map $\Xi_v: \mathcal{X}(F_g, SL_2(\mathbb{C})) \to X(v)$. We then show that this map is a symplectomorphism on a dense, open subset of $\mathcal{X}(F_g, SL_2(\mathbb{C}))$ with respect to natural symplectic structures on $\mathcal{X}(F_g, SL_2(\mathbb{C}))$ and $X(v)$. In this way, we construct an integrable Hamiltonian system in $\mathcal{X}(F_g, SL_2(\mathbb{C}))$ for each point in a maximal cell of $O(g)$, and we show that each $v$ defines a topological decomposition of $\mathcal{X}(F_g, SL_2(\mathbb{C}))$ derived from the decomposition of $X(P_{\Gamma})$ by its torus orbits. Finally, we show that the valuations coming from the closure of a maximal cell in $O(g)$ all arise as divisorial valuations built from an associated projective compactification of $\mathcal{X}(F_g, SL_2(\mathbb{C})).$
 Keywords: character variety, outer space, analytification, compactification, integrable system
 MSC Classifications: 14M25 - Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra [See also 52B20] 14T05 - Tropical geometry [See also 12K10, 14M25, 14N10, 52B20] 14D20 - Algebraic moduli problems, moduli of vector bundles {For analytic moduli problems, see 32G13}

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