We improve several recent results in the asymptotic integration theory of nonlinear ordinary differential equations via a variant of the method devised by J. K. Hale and N. Onuchic The results are used for investigating the existence of positive solutions to certain reaction-diffusion equations.

We give the sufficient and necessary conditions of Browder's convergence theorem for one-parameter nonexpansive semigroups which was proved by Suzuki. We also discuss the perfect kernels of topological spaces.

We present another example of a $3$-variable polynomial defining a $K3$-hypersurface and having a logarithmic Mahler measure expressed in terms of a Dirichlet $L$-series.

Zarhin proves that if $C$ is the curve $y^2=f(x)$ where $\textrm{Gal}_{\mathbb{Q}}(f(x))=S_n$ or $A_n$, then ${\textrm{End}}_{\overline{\mathbb{Q}}}(J)=\mathbb{Z}$. In seeking to examine his result in the genus $g=2$ case supposing other Galois groups, we calculate $\textrm{End}_{\overline{\mathbb{Q}}}(J)\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}} \mathbb{F}_2$ for a genus $2$ curve where $f(x)$ is irreducible. In particular, we show that unless the Galois group is $S_5$ or $A_5$, the Galois group does not determine ${\textrm{End}}_{\overline{\mathbb{Q}}}(J)$.

Let $G$ be a finite group, and let $k$ be a field whose characteristic $p$ divides the order of $G$. Freyd's generating hypothesis for the stable module category of $G$ is the statement that a map between finite-dimensional $kG$-modules in the thick subcategory generated by $k$ factors through a projective if the induced map on Tate cohomology is trivial. We show that if $G$ has periodic cohomology, then the generating hypothesis holds if and only if the Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$ is $C_2$ or $C_3$. We also give some other conditions that are equivalent to the GH for groups with periodic cohomology.

In this paper, we prove that a non--zero power series $F(z)\in\mathbb{C} [\mkern-3mu[ z]\mkern-3mu] $ satisfying $$F(z^d)=F(z)+\frac{A(z)}{B(z)},$$ where $d\geq 2$, $A(z),B(z)\in\mathbb{C}[z]$ with $A(z)\neq 0$ and $\deg A(z),\deg B(z)<d$ is transcendental over $\mathbb{C}(z)$. Using this result and a theorem of Mahler's, we extend results of Golomb and Schwarz on transcendental values of certain power series. In particular, we prove that for all $k\geq 2$ the series $G_k(z):= \sum_{n=0}^\infty z^{k^n}(1-z^{k^n})^{-1}$ is transcendental for all algebraic numbers $z$ with $|z|<1$. We give a similar result for $F_k(z):= \sum_{n=0}^\infty z^{k^n} (1+z^{k^n})^{-1}$. These results were known to Mahler, though our proofs of the function transcendence are new and elementary; no linear algebra or differential calculus is used.

We describe an $E_8$ correspondence for the multiplicative eta-products of weight at least $4$.

In this paper we present a classification, up to equivariant isomorphism, of $C^*$-dynamical systems $(A,{\mathbb R},\alpha )$ arising as inductive limits of directed systems $\{ (A_n,{\mathbb R},\alpha_n),\varphi_{nm}\}$, where each $A_n$ is a finite direct sum of matrix algebras over the continuous functions on the unit circle, and the $\alpha_n$s are outer actions generated by rotation of the spectrum.

Let $\mathfrak a$ be an ideal of a commutative Noetherian ring $R$ and $M$ and $N$ two finitely generated $R$-modules. Our main result asserts that if $\dim R/\mathfrak a\leq 1$, then all generalized local cohomology modules $H^i_{\mathfrak a}(M,N)$ are $\mathfrak a$-cofinite.

Let $D$ be a connected bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Let $0<\mu_1\leq\mu_2\leq\dots\leq\mu_k\leq\cdots$ be the eigenvalues of the following Dirichlet problem: $$ \begin{cases}\Delta^2u(x)+V(x)u(x)=\mu\rho(x)u(x),\quad x\in D u|_{\partial D}=\frac{\partial u}{\partial n}|_{\partial D}=0, \end{cases} $$ where $V(x)$ is a nonnegative potential, and $\rho(x)\in C(\bar{D})$ is positive. We prove the following inequalities: $$\mu_{k+1}\leq\frac{1}{k}\sum_{i=1}^k\mu_i+\Bigl[\frac{8(n+2)}{n^2}\Bigl(\frac{\rho_{\max}} {\rho_{\min}}\Bigr)^2\Bigr]^{1/2}\times \frac{1}{k}\sum_{i=1}^k[\mu_i(\mu_{k+1}-\mu_i)]^{1/2}, $$ $$\frac{n^2k^2}{8(n+2)}\leq \Bigl(\frac{\rho_{\max}}{\rho_{\min}}\Bigr)^2\Bigl[\sum_{i=1}^k\frac{\mu_i^{1/2}}{\mu_{k+1}-\mu_i}\Bigr] \times\sum_{i=1}^k\mu_i^{1/2}. $$

The groups of (linear) similarity and coincidence isometries of certain modules $\varGamma$ in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space, which naturally occur in quasicrystallography, are considered. It is shown that the structure of the factor group of similarity modulo coincidence isometries is the direct sum of cyclic groups of prime power orders that divide $d$. In particular, if the dimension $d$ is a prime number $p$, the factor group is an elementary abelian $p$-group. This generalizes previous results obtained for lattices to situations relevant in quasicrystallography.

The goal of this note is to prove that the signed Segre forms of Griffiths' positive vector bundles are positive.

In this paper we study real hypersurfaces in a non-flat complex space form with $\eta$-parallel shape operator. Several partial characterizations of these real hypersurfaces are obtained.

The zero-divisor graph $\Gamma(R)$ of a commutative ring $R$ is the graph whose vertices consist of the nonzero zero-divisors of $R$ such that distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $xy=0$. In this paper, a characterization is provided for zero-divisor graphs of Boolean rings. Also, commutative rings $R$ such that $\Gamma(R)$ is isomorphic to the zero-divisor graph of a direct product of integral domains are classified, as well as those whose zero-divisor graphs are central vertex complete.

In this paper, we study locally projectively flat fourth root Finsler metrics and their generalized metrics. We prove that if they are irreducible, then they must be locally Minkowskian.

It has been shown that a holomorphic function $f$ in the unit ball $\mathbb{B}_n$ of ${\mathbb C}_n$ belongs to the weighted Bergman space $A^p_\alpha$, $p>n+1+\alpha$, if and only if the function $|f(z)-f(w)|/|1-\langle z,w\rangle|$ is in $L^p(\mathbb{B}_n\times\mathbb{B}_n,dv_\beta \times dv_\beta)$, where $\beta=(p+\alpha-n-1)/2$ and $dv_\beta(z)= (1-|z|^2)^\beta\,dv(z)$. In this paper we consider the range $0<p<n+1+\alpha$ and show that in this case, $f\in A^p_\alpha$ (i)~if and only if the function $|f(z)-f(w)|/|1-\langle z, w\rangle|$ is in $L^p(\mathbb{B}_n\times\mathbb{B}_n,dv_\alpha\times dv_\alpha)$, (ii)~if and only if the function $|f(z)-f(w)|/|z-w|$ is in $L^p(\mathbb{B}_n\times\mathbb{B}_n,dv_\alpha\times dv_\alpha)$. We think the revealed difference in the weights for the double integrals between the cases $0<p<n+1+\alpha$ and $p>n+1+\alpha$ is particularly interesting.

We show that if $R=\bigoplus_{n\in\mathbb{N}_0}R_n$ is a Noetherian homogeneous ring with local base ring $(R_0,\mathfrak{m}_0)$, irrelevant ideal $R_+$, and $M$ a finitely generated graded $R$-module, then $H_{\mathfrak{m}_0R}^j(H_{R_+}^t(M))$ is Artinian for $j=0,1$ where $t=\inf\{i\in{\mathbb{N}_0}: H_{R_+}^i(M)$ is not finitely generated $\}$. Also, we prove that if $\operatorname{cd}(R_+,M)=2$, then for each $i\in\mathbb{N}_0$, $H_{\mathfrak{m}_0R}^i(H_{R_+}^2(M))$ is Artinian if and only if $H_{\mathfrak{m}_0R}^{i+2}(H_{R_+}^1(M))$ is Artinian, where $\operatorname{cd}(R_+,M)$ is the cohomological dimension of $M$ with respect to $R_+$. This improves some results of R. Sazeedeh.

Let $|K|$ be the metric polyhedron of a simplicial complex $K$. In this paper, we characterize a simplicial subdivision $K'$ of $K$ preserving the metric topology for $|K|$ as the one such that the set $K'{}^{(0)}$ of vertices of $K'$ is discrete in $|K|$. We also prove that two such subdivisions of $K$ have such a common subdivision.

Let $M^m$ be an $m$-dimensional, closed and smooth manifold, equipped with a smooth involution $T\colon M^m \to M^m$ whose fixed point set has the form $F^n \cup F^j$, where $F^n$ and $F^j$ are submanifolds with dimensions $n$ and $j$, $F^j$ is indecomposable and $ n >j$. Write $n-j=2^pq$, where $q \ge 1$ is odd and $p \geq 0$, and set $m(n-j) = 2n+p-q+1$ if $p \leq q + 1$ and $m(n-j)= 2n + 2^{p-q}$ if $p \geq q$. In this paper we show that $m \le m(n-j) + 2j+1$. Further, we show that this bound is almost best possible, by exhibiting examples $(M^{m(n-j) +2j},T)$ where the fixed point set of $T$ has the form $F^n \cup F^j$ described above, for every $2 \le j <n$ and $j$ not of the form $2^t-1$ (for $j=0$ and $2$, it has been previously shown that $m(n-j) +2j$ is the best possible bound). The existence of these bounds is guaranteed by the famous $5/2$-theorem of J. Boardman, which establishes that under the above hypotheses $m \le \frac{5} {2}n$.

In this paper we give the form of every multiplicative Hausdorff prime matrix, thus answering a long-standing open question.

We consider the linearization of the three-dimensional water waves equation with surface tension about a flat interface. Using oscillatory integral methods, we prove that solutions of this equation demonstrate dispersive decay at the somewhat surprising rate of $t^{-5/6}$. This rate is due to competition between surface tension and gravitation at $O(1)$ wave numbers and is connected to the fact that, in the presence of surface tension, there is a so-called "slowest wave". Additionally, we combine our dispersive estimates with $L^2$ type energy bounds to prove a family of Strichartz estimates.

We use the kernel category to give a finiteness condition for semigroups. As a consequence we provide yet another proof that finitely generated periodic semigroups of matrices are finite.

Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve given by the equation $y^2=f(x)$ for $f\in\mathbb{Z}[x]$ without multiple roots. We say that points $P_{i}=(x_{i}, y_{i})\in C(\mathbb{Q})$ for $i=1,2,\dots, m$ are in arithmetic progression if the numbers $x_{i}$ for $i=1,2,\dots, m$ are in arithmetic progression. In this paper we show that there exists a polynomial $k\in\mathbb{Z}[t]$ with the property that on the elliptic curve $\mathcal{E}': y^2=x^3+k(t)$ (defined over the field $\mathbb{Q}(t)$) we can find four points in arithmetic progression that are independent in the group of all $\mathbb{Q}(t)$-rational points on the curve $\mathcal{E}'$. In particular this result generalizes earlier results of Lee and V\'{e}lez. We also show that if $n\in\mathbb{N}$ is odd, then there are infinitely many $k$'s with the property that on curves $y^2=x^n+k$ there are four rational points in arithmetic progressions. In the case when $n$ is even we can find infinitely many $k$'s such that on curves $y^2=x^n+k$ there are six rational points in arithmetic progression.

Let $G$ be an arbitrary finite abelian group. We describe all possible $G$-gradings on upper block triangular matrix algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.

In this paper, some criteria for the existence of positive solutions of a class of systems of impulsive dynamic equations on time scales are obtained by using a fixed point theorem in cones.

Given an integer $n \geq 3$, a metrizable compact topological $n$-manifold $X$ with boundary, and a finite positive Borel measure $\mu$ on $X$, we prove that for the typical homeomorphism $f \colon X \to X$, it is true that for $\mu$-almost every point $x$ in $X$ the limit set $\omega(f,x)$ is a Cantor set of Hausdorff dimension zero, each point of $\omega(f,x)$ has a dense orbit in $\omega(f,x)$, $f$ is non-sensitive at each point of $\omega(f,x)$, and the function $a \to \omega(f,a)$ is continuous at $x$.

Let $v$ be a Henselian Krull valuation of a field $K$. In this paper, the authors give some necessary and sufficient conditions for a finite simple extension of $(K,v)$ to be defectless. Various characterizations of algebraically maximal valued fields are also given which lead to a new proof of a result proved by Yu. L. Ershov.

In this note we study the convergence of sequences of Monge-Ampère measures $\{(dd^cu_s)^n\}$, where $\{u_s\}$ is a given sequence of plurisubharmonic functions, converging in capacity.

The paper describes entire solutions to the eiconal type non-linear partial differential equations, which include the eiconal equations $(X_1(u))^2+(X_2(u))^2=1$ as special cases, where $X_1=p_1{\partial}/{\partial z_1}+p_2{\partial}/{\partial z_2}$, $X_2=p_3{\partial}/{\partial z_1}+p_4{\partial}/{\partial z_2}$ are linearly independent operators with $p_j$ being arbitrary polynomials in $\mathbf{C}^2$.

Recently, Beattie, Bulacu ,and Torrecillas proved Radford's formula for the fourth power of the antipode for a co-Frobenius Hopf algebra. In this note, we show that this formula can be proved for any regular multiplier Hopf algebra with integrals (algebraic quantum groups). This, of course, not only includes the case of a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra, but also that of any Hopf algebra with integrals (co-Frobenius Hopf algebras). Moreover, it turns out that the proof in this more general situation, in fact, follows in a few lines from well-known formulas obtained earlier in the theory of regular multiplier Hopf algebras with integrals. We discuss these formulas and their importance in this theory. We also mention their generalizations, in particular to the (in a certain sense) more general theory of locally compact quantum groups. Doing so, and also because the proof of the main result itself is very short, the present note becomes largely of an expository nature.

Let $F$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and let $A$ be an associative unitary $F$-algebra graded by a group of prime order. We prove that if $A$ is finite dimensional then the graded exponent of $A$ exists and is an integer.

For the $n$-th order nonlinear differential equation, $y^{(n)} = f(x, y, y', \dots, y^{(n-1)})$, we consider uniqueness implies uniqueness and existence results for solutions satisfying certain $(k+j)$-point boundary conditions for $1\le j \le n-1$ and $1\leq k \leq n-j$. We define $(k;j)$-point unique solvability in analogy to $k$-point disconjugacy and we show that $(n-j_{0};j_{0})$-point unique solvability implies $(k;j)$-point unique solvability for $1\le j \le j_{0}$, and $1\leq k \leq n-j$. This result is analogous to $n$-point disconjugacy implies $k$-point disconjugacy for $2\le k\le n-1$.

Following a similar result of Uspenskij on the unitary group of a separable Hilbert space, we show that, with respect to the lower (or Roelcke) uniform structure, the Polish group $G= \operatorname{Aut}(\mu)$ of automorphisms of an atomless standard Borel probability space $(X,\mu)$ is precompact. We identify the corresponding compactification as the space of Markov operators on $L_2(\mu)$ and deduce that the algebra of right and left uniformly continuous functions, the algebra of weakly almost periodic functions, and the algebra of Hilbert functions on $G$, i.e., functions on $G$ arising from unitary representations, all coincide. Again following Uspenskij, we also conclude that $G$ is totally minimal.

In this article, we establish a new atomic decomposition for $f\in L^2_w\cap H^p_w$, where the decomposition converges in $L^2_w$-norm rather than in the distribution sense. As applications of this decomposition, assuming that $T$ is a linear operator bounded on $L^2_w$ and $0<p\le 1$, we obtain (i) if $T$ is uniformly bounded in $L^p_w$-norm for all $w$-$p$-atoms, then $T$ can be extended to be bounded from $H^p_w$ to $L^p_w$; (ii) if $T$ is uniformly bounded in $H^p_w$-norm for all $w$-$p$-atoms, then $T$ can be extended to be bounded on $H^p_w$; (iii) if $T$ is bounded on $H^p_w$, then $T$ can be extended to be bounded from $H^p_w$ to $L^p_w$.

For a finite module $M$ over a local, equicharacteristic ring $(R,m)$, we show that the well-known formula $\textrm{cd}(m,M)=\dim M$ becomes trivial if ones uses Matlis duals of local cohomology modules together with spectral sequences. We also prove a new ring-theoretic vanishing criterion for local cohomology modules.

This note gives a simple cocycle-theoretic proof of the Verdier hypercovering theorem. This theorem approximates morphisms $[X,Y]$ in the homotopy category of simplicial sheaves or presheaves by simplicial homotopy classes of maps, in the case where $Y$ is locally fibrant. The statement proved in this paper is a generalization of the standard Verdier hypercovering result in that it is pointed (in a very broad sense) and there is no requirement for the source object $X$ to be locally fibrant.

A complex hyperbolic triangle group is a group generated by three involutions fixing complex lines in complex hyperbolic space. Our purpose in this paper is to improve a previous result and to discuss discreteness of complex hyperbolic triangle groups of type $(n,n,\infty;k)$.

We generalize Löwner's method for proving that matrix monotone functions are operator monotone. The relation $x\leq y$ on bounded operators is our model for a definition of $C^{*}$-relations being residually finite dimensional. Our main result is a meta-theorem about theorems involving relations on bounded operators. If we can show there are residually finite dimensional relations involved and verify a technical condition, then such a theorem will follow from its restriction to matrices. Applications are shown regarding norms of exponentials, the norms of commutators, and "positive" noncommutative $*$-polynomials.

An algebra $A$ is <em>homogeneous</em> if the automorphism group of $A$ acts transitively on the one-dimensional subspaces of $A$. The existence of homogeneous algebras depends critically on the choice of the scalar field. We examine the case where the scalar field is the rationals. We prove that if $A$ is a rational homogeneous algebra with $\operatorname{dim} A>1$, then $A^{2}=0$.

Various weighted $l_p$-norm inequalities in convolutions are derived by a simple and general principle whose $l_2$ version was obtained by using the theory of reproducing kernels. Applications to the Riemann zeta function and a difference equation are also considered.

We define and study the secondary Chern-Euler class for a general submanifold of a Riemannian manifold. Using this class, we define and study the index for a vector field with non-isolated singularities on a submanifold. As an application, we give conceptual proofs of a result of Chern.

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity, and let $M$ be a unitary module over $R$. We call $M$ H-smaller (HS for short) if and only if $M$ is infinite and $|M/N|<|M|$ for every nonzero submodule $N$ of $M$. After a brief introduction, we show that there exist nontrivial examples of HS modules of arbitrarily large cardinality over Noetherian and non-Noetherian domains. We then prove the following result: suppose $M$ is faithful over $R$, $R$ is a domain (we will show that we can restrict to this case without loss of generality), and $K$ is the quotient field of $R$. If $M$ is HS over $R$, then $R$ is HS as a module over itself, $R\subseteq M\subseteq K$, and there exists a generating set $S$ for $M$ over $R$ with $|S|<|R|$. We use this result to generalize a problem posed by Kaplansky and conclude the paper by answering an open question on Jónsson modules.

We determine the order of the automorphism group $\operatorname{Aut}(W)$ for each member $W$ of an important family of finite $p$-groups that may be constructed as iterated regular wreath products of cyclic groups. We use a method based on representation theory.

The purpose of this paper is to solve various differential equations having Eisenstein series as coefficients using various tools and techniques. The solutions are given in terms of modular forms, modular functions, and equivariant forms.

The notion of a maximally conditional sequence is introduced for sequences in a Banach space. It is then proved using Ramsey theory that every basic sequence in a Banach space has a subsequence which is either an unconditional basic sequence or a maximally conditional sequence. An apparently novel, purely combinatorial lemma in the spirit of Galvin's theorem is used in the proof. An alternative proof of the dichotomy result for sequences in Banach spaces is also sketched, using the Galvin-Prikry theorem.

Given a positive integer $n$, a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ of $q$ elements ($q$ odd), and a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form $B$ on $\mathbb{F}_q^n$, we determine the largest possible cardinality of pairwise $B$-orthogonal subsets $\mathcal{E} \subseteq \mathbb{F}_q^n$, that is, for any two vectors $\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y} \in \mathcal{E}$, one has $B (\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y}) = 0$.

We investigate the solutions of refinement equations of the form $$ \phi(x)=\sum_{\alpha\in\mathbb Z^s}a(\alpha)\:\phi(Mx-\alpha), $$ where the function $\phi$ is in $L_p(\mathbb R^s)$$(1\le p\le\infty)$, $a$ is an infinitely supported sequence on $\mathbb Z^s$ called a refinement mask, and $M$ is an $s\times s$ integer matrix such that $\lim_{n\to\infty}M^{-n}=0$. Associated with the mask $a$ and $M$ is a linear operator $Q_{a,M}$ defined on $L_p(\mathbb R^s)$ by $Q_{a,M} \phi_0:=\sum_{\alpha\in\mathbb Z^s}a(\alpha)\phi_0(M\cdot-\alpha)$. Main results of this paper are related to the convergence rates of $(Q_{a,M}^n \phi_0)_{n=1,2,\dots}$ in $L_p(\mathbb R^s)$ with mask $a$ being infinitely supported. It is proved that under some appropriate conditions on the initial function $\phi_0$, $Q_{a,M}^n \phi_0$ converges in $L_p(\mathbb R^s)$ with an exponential rate.

We consider the diophantine equation $x^2 + y^6 = z^e$, $e \geq 4$. We show that, when $e$ is a multiple of $4$ or $6$, this equation has no solutions in positive integers with $x$ and $y$ relatively prime. As a corollary, we show that there exists no primitive Pythagorean triangle one of whose leglengths is a perfect cube, while the hypotenuse length is an integer square.

While there is a large variety of univalently induced closed range composition operators on the Bloch space, we show that the only univalently induced, closed range, composition operators on the Bloch-type spaces $B^{\alpha}$ with $\alpha \ne 1$ are the ones induced by a disc automorphism.

We study the complementation of the space $W(X,Y)$ of weakly compact operators, the space $K(X,Y)$ of compact operators, the space $U(X,Y)$ of unconditionally converging operators, and the space $CC(X,Y)$ of completely continuous operators in the space $L(X,Y)$ of bounded linear operators from $X$ to $Y$. Feder proved that if $X$ is infinite-dimensional and $c_0 \hookrightarrow Y$, then $K(X,Y)$ is uncomplemented in $L(X,Y)$. Emmanuele and John showed that if $c_0 \hookrightarrow K(X,Y)$, then $K(X,Y)$ is uncomplemented in $L(X,Y)$. Bator and Lewis showed that if $X$ is not a Grothendieck space and $c_0 \hookrightarrow Y$, then $W(X,Y)$ is uncomplemented in $L(X,Y)$. In this paper, classical results of Kalton and separably determined operator ideals with property $(*)$ are used to obtain complementation results that yield these theorems as corollaries.

By considering the specialisation $s_{\lambda}(1,q,q^2,\dots,q^{n-1})$ of the Schur function, Stanley was able to describe a formula for the number of semistandard Young tableaux of shape $\lambda$ in terms of the contents and hook lengths of the boxes in the Young diagram. Using specialisations of symplectic and orthogonal Schur functions, we derive corresponding formulae, first given by El Samra and King, for the number of semistandard symplectic and orthogonal $\lambda$-tableaux.

Some families of Randers metrics of scalar flag curvature are studied in this paper. Explicit examples that are neither locally projectively flat nor of isotropic $S$-curvature are given. Certain Randers metrics with Einstein $\alpha$ are considered and proved to be complex. Three dimensional Randers manifolds, with $\alpha$ having constant scalar curvature, are studied.

Examples of distinct weighted model sets with equal $2,3,4, 5$-point correlations are given.

We establish some inequalities for the second moment $$ \frac{1}{|K|} \int_{K}|x|_2^2 \,dx $$ of a convex body $K$ under various assumptions on the position of $K$.

A domain $\Omega$ is called a domain of injective holomorphy if there exists an injective holomorphic function $f\colon \Omega\rightarrow\mathbb{C}$ that is non-extendable. We give examples of domains that are domains of injective holomorphy and others that are not. In particular, every regular domain $(\overline\Omega^o=\Omega)$ is a domain of injective holomorphy, and every simply connected domain is a domain of injective holomorphy as well.

The concept of $C_{k}$-spaces is introduced, situated at an intermediate stage between $H$-spaces and $T$-spaces. The $C_{k}$-space corresponds to the $k$-th Milnor-Stasheff filtration on spaces. It is proved that a space $X$ is a $C_{k}$-space if and only if the Gottlieb set $G(Z,X)=[Z,X]$ for any space $Z$ with ${\rm cat}\, Z\le k$, which generalizes the fact that $X$ is a $T$-space if and only if $G(\Sigma B,X)=[\Sigma B,X]$ for any space $B$. Some results on the $C_{k}$-space are generalized to the $C_{k}^{f}$-space for a map $f\colon A \to X$. Projective spaces, lens spaces and spaces with a few cells are studied as examples of $C_{k}$-spaces, and non-$C_{k}$-spaces.

In this paper, we investigate a semilinear elliptic equation that involves multiple Hardy-type terms and critical Hardy-Sobolev exponents. By the Moser iteration method and analytic techniques, the asymptotic properties of its nontrivial solutions at the singular points are investigated.

The Banach spaces $L(X, Y)$, $K(X, Y)$, $L_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$, and $K_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$ are studied to determine when they contain the classical Banach spaces $c_o$ or $\ell_\infty$. The complementation of the Banach space $K(X, Y)$ in $L(X, Y)$ is discussed as well as what impact this complementation has on the embedding of $c_o$ or $\ell_\infty$ in $K(X, Y)$ or $L(X, Y)$. Results of Kalton, Feder, and Emmanuele concerning the complementation of $K(X, Y)$ in $L(X, Y)$ are generalized. Results concerning the complementation of the Banach space $K_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$ in $L_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$ are also explored as well as how that complementation affects the embedding of $c_o$ or $\ell_\infty$ in $K_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$ or $L_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$. The $\ell_p$ spaces for $1 = p < \infty$ are studied to determine when the space of compact operators from one $\ell_p$ space to another contains $c_o$. The paper contains a new result which classifies these spaces of operators. A new result using vector measures is given to provide more efficient proofs of theorems by Kalton, Feder, Emmanuele, Emmanuele and John, and Bator and Lewis.

In this paper we prove weighted norm inequalities with weights in the $A_p$ classes, for pseudodifferential operators with symbols in the class ${S^{n(\rho -1)}_{\rho, \delta}}$ that fall outside the scope of Calderón-Zygmund theory. This is accomplished by controlling the sharp function of the pseudodifferential operator by Hardy-Littlewood type maximal functions. Our weighted norm inequalities also yield $L^{p}$ boundedness of commutators of functions of bounded mean oscillation with a wide class of operators in $\mathrm{OP}S^{m}_{\rho, \delta}$.

In a recent paper, Miller derived a Kummer-type transformation for the generalised hypergeometric function ${}_pF_p(x)$ when pairs of parameters differ by unity, by means of a reduction formula for a certain Kampé de Fériet function. An alternative and simpler derivation of this transformation is obtained here by application of the well-known Kummer transformation for the confluent hypergeometric function corresponding to $p=1$.

It is shown that a Lie algebra having a nilpotent radical has a fundamental set of invariants consisting of Casimir operators. A different proof is given in the well known special case of an abelian radical. A result relating the number of invariants to the dimension of the Cartan subalgebra is also established.

For a manifold with boundary, the restriction of Chern's transgression form of the Euler curvature form over the boundary is closed. Its cohomology class is called the secondary Chern-Euler class and was used by Sha to formulate a relative Poincaré-Hopf theorem under the condition that the metric on the manifold is locally product near the boundary. We show that the secondary Chern-Euler form is exact away from the outward and inward unit normal vectors of the boundary by explicitly constructing a transgression form. Using Stokes' theorem, this evaluates the boundary term in Sha's relative Poincaré-Hopf theorem in terms of more classical indices of the tangential projection of a vector field. This evaluation in particular shows that Sha's relative Poincaré-Hopf theorem is equivalent to the more classical law of vector fields.

We determine the best constants $C_{p,\infty}$ and $C_{1,p}$, $1 < p < \infty$, for which the following holds. If $u$, $v$ are orthogonal harmonic functions on a Euclidean domain such that $v$ is differentially subordinate to $u$, then $$ \|v\|_p \leq C_{p,\infty} \|u\|_\infty,\quad \|v\|_1 \leq C_{1,p} \|u\|_p. $$ In particular, the inequalities are still sharp for the conjugate harmonic functions on the unit disc of $\mathbb R^2$. Sharp probabilistic versions of these estimates are also studied. As an application, we establish a sharp version of the classical logarithmic inequality of Zygmund.

In this paper we prove Chen inequalities for submanifolds of real space forms endowed with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection, i.e., relations between the mean curvature associated with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection, scalar and sectional curvatures, Ricci curvatures and the sectional curvature of the ambient space. The equality cases are considered.

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem $$ \begin{cases} u_{t}=\Delta(u^{m}), &x\in{}\mathbb{R}^{N}, t>0, N\geq3, \\ % ^^----- here u(x,0)=u_{0}(x), &x\in{}\mathbb{R}^{N}. \end{cases} $$ We will prove that: (i) for $m_{c}<m,m_{0}<1$, $|u(x,t,m)-u(x,t,m_{0})|\rightarrow0$ as $m\rightarrow{}m_{0}$ {uniformly on } every compact subset of $\mathbb{R}^{N}\times\mathbb{R}^{+},$ where $m_{c}=\frac{(N-2)_{+}}{N}$; (ii) there is a $C^{\ast}$ that explicitly depends on $m$ such that $$ \|u(\cdot,\cdot,m)-u(\cdot,\cdot,1)\|_{L^{2} (\mathbb{R}^{N}\times\mathbb{R}^{+})}\leq{}C^{\ast}|m-1|. $$

We prove metric rigidity for complete manifolds supporting solutions of certain second order differential systems, thus extending classical works on a characterization of space-forms. Along the way, we also discover new characterizations of space-forms. We next generalize results concerning metric rigidity via equations involving vector fields.

Under the assumption that $\mu$ is a nondoubling measure, we study certain commutators generated by the Lipschitz function and the Marcinkiewicz integral whose kernel satisfies a Hörmander-type condition. We establish the boundedness of these commutators on the Lebesgue spaces, Lipschitz spaces, and Hardy spaces. Our results are extensions of known theorems in the doubling case.

In this paper, we give a new proof of the Onofri-type inequality \begin{equation*} \int_S e^{2u} \,ds^2 \leq 4\pi(\beta+1) \exp \biggl\{ \frac{1}{4\pi(\beta+1)} \int_S |\nabla u|^2 \,ds^2 + \frac{1}{2\pi(\beta+1)} \int_S u \,ds^2 \biggr\} \end{equation*} on the sphere $S$ with Gaussian curvature $1$ and with conical singularities divisor $\mathcal A = \beta\cdot p_1 + \beta \cdot p_2$ for $\beta\in (-1,0)$; here $p_1$ and $p_2$ are antipodal.

Let $F$ be a non-Archimedean local field or a finite field. Let $n$ be a natural number and $k$ be $1$ or $2$. Consider $G:=\operatorname{GL}_{n+k}(F)$ and let $M:=\operatorname{GL}_n(F) \times \operatorname{GL}_k(F)\lt G$ be a maximal Levi subgroup. Let $U\lt G$ be the corresponding unipotent subgroup and let $P=MU$ be the corresponding parabolic subgroup. Let $J:=J_M^G: \mathcal{M}(G) \to \mathcal{M}(M)$ be the Jacquet functor, i.e., the functor of coinvariants with respect to $U$. In this paper we prove that $J$ is a multiplicity free functor, i.e., $\dim \operatorname{Hom}_M(J(\pi),\rho)\leq 1$, for any irreducible representations $\pi$ of $G$ and $\rho$ of $M$. We adapt the classical method of Gelfand and Kazhdan, which proves the ``multiplicity free" property of certain representations to prove the ``multiplicity free" property of certain functors. At the end we discuss whether other Jacquet functors are multiplicity free.

We show a pointwise estimate for the Fourier transform on the line involving the number of times the function changes monotonicity. The contrapositive of the theorem may be used to find a lower bound to the number of local maxima of a function. We also show two applications of the theorem. The first is the two weight problem for the Fourier transform, and the second is estimating the number of roots of the derivative of a function.

We give precise conditions under which the composition of a norm with a convex function yields a uniformly convex function on a Banach space. Various applications are given to functions of power type. The results are dualized to study uniform smoothness and several examples are provided.

We prove that the Return Times Theorem holds true for pairs of $L^p-L^q$ functions, whenever $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}<\frac{3}{2}$.

We extend results proved by the second author (Amer. J. Math., 2009) for nonnegatively curved Alexandrov spaces to general compact Alexandrov spaces $X$ with curvature bounded below. The gradient flow of a geodesically convex functional on the quadratic Wasserstein space $(\mathcal P(X),W_2)$ satisfies the evolution variational inequality. Moreover, the gradient flow enjoys uniqueness and contractivity. These results are obtained by proving a first variation formula for the Wasserstein distance.

In this paper we discuss the existence of mild and classical solutions for a class of abstract non-autonomous neutral functional differential equations. An application to partial neutral differential equations is considered.

We prove the existence of an approximation function for holomorphic solutions of a system of real analytic equations. For this we use ultraproducts and Weierstrass systems introduced by J. Denef and L. Lipshitz. We also prove a version of the Płoski smoothing theorem in this case.

We show that any Lipschitz projection-valued function $p$ on a connected closed Riemannian manifold can be approximated uniformly by smooth projection-valued functions $q$ with Lipschitz constant close to that of $p$. This answers a question of Rieffel.

We extend the notion of Zindler curve from the Euclidean plane to normed planes. A characterization of Zindler curves for general normed planes is given, and the relation between Zindler curves and curves of constant area-halving distances in such planes is discussed.

We provide a criterion for the central norm to be any value in the simple continued fraction expansion of $\sqrt{D}$ for any non-square integer $D>1$. We also provide a simple criterion for the solvability of the Pell equation $x^2-Dy^2=-1$ in terms of congruence conditions modulo $D$.

In this paper we define lower, upper, and symmetric completeness and discuss closure of the sets in product and direct sums. In particular, we introduce suitable bases for these topologies, which leads us to investigate completeness of the direct sum and its components. Some results obtained about $X$-topologies and polars of the neighborhoods.

Let $X$ be a smooth complex projective variety, and let $H \in \operatorname{Pic}(X)$ be an ample line bundle. Assume that $X$ is covered by rational curves with degree one with respect to $H$ and with anticanonical degree greater than or equal to $(\dim X -1)/2$. We prove that there is a covering family of such curves whose numerical class spans an extremal ray in the cone of curves $\operatorname{NE}(X)$.

We establish a mixed norm estimate for the Radon transform in $\mathbb{R}^2$ when the set of directions has fractional dimension. This estimate is used to prove a result about an exceptional set of directions connected with projections of planar sets. That leads to a conjecture analogous to a well-known conjecture of Furstenberg.

The study carried out in this paper about some new examples of Banach spaces, consisting of certain valued fields extensions, is a typical non-archimedean feature. We determine whether these extensions are of countable type, have $t$-orthogonal bases, or are reflexive. As an application we construct, for a class of base fields, a norm $\|\cdot\|$ on $c_0$, equivalent to the canonical supremum norm, without non-zero vectors that are $\|\cdot\|$-orthogonal and such that there is a multiplication on $c_0$ making $(c_0,\|\cdot\|)$ into a valued field.

Let $(X,\mathcal{B},m,\tau)$ be a dynamical system with $(X,\mathcal{B},m)$ a probability space and $\tau$ an invertible, measure preserving transformation. This paper deals with the almost everywhere convergence in $\textrm{L}^1(X)$ of a sequence of operators of weighted averages. Almost everywhere convergence follows once we obtain an appropriate maximal estimate and once we provide a dense class where convergence holds almost everywhere. The weights are given by convolution products of members of a sequence of probability measures $\{\nu_i\}$ defined on $\mathbb{Z}$. We then exhibit cases of such averages where convergence fails.

Frey and Jarden asked if any abelian variety over a number field $K$ has the infinite Mordell-Weil rank over the maximal abelian extension $K^{\operatorname{ab}}$. In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to their conjecture for the Jacobian variety of any smooth projective curve $C$ over $K$ such that $\sharp C(K^{\operatorname{ab}})=\infty$ and for any abelian variety of $\operatorname{GL}_2$-type with trivial character.

We obtain nontrivial estimates of quadratic character sums of division polynomials $\Psi_n(P)$, $n=1,2, \dots$, evaluated at a given point $P$ on an elliptic curve over a finite field of $q$ elements. Our bounds are nontrivial if the order of $P$ is at least $q^{1/2 + \varepsilon}$ for some fixed $\varepsilon > 0$. This work is motivated by an open question about statistical indistinguishability of some cryptographically relevant sequences that was recently brought up by K. Lauter and the second author.

We show that the Schrödinger equation is a lift of Newton's third law of motion $\nabla^\mathcal W_{\dot \mu} \dot \mu = -\nabla^\mathcal W F(\mu)$ on the space of probability measures, where derivatives are taken with respect to the Wasserstein Riemannian metric. Here the potential $\mu \to F(\mu)$ is the sum of the total classical potential energy $\langle V,\mu\rangle$ of the extended system and its Fisher information $ \frac {\hbar^2} 8 \int |\nabla \ln \mu |^2 \,d\mu$. The precise relation is established via a well-known (Madelung) transform which is shown to be a symplectic submersion of the standard symplectic structure of complex valued functions into the canonical symplectic space over the Wasserstein space. All computations are conducted in the framework of Otto's formal Riemannian calculus for optimal transportation of probability measures.

In this paper we study left invariant Einstein-Randers metrics on compact Lie groups. First, we give a method to construct left invariant non-Riemannian Einstein-Randers metrics on a compact Lie group, using the Zermelo navigation data. Then we prove that this gives a complete classification of left invariant Einstein-Randers metrics on compact simple Lie groups with the underlying Riemannian metric naturally reductive. Further, we completely determine the identity component of the group of isometries for this type of metrics on simple groups. Finally, we study some geometric properties of such metrics. In particular, we give the formulae of geodesics and flag curvature of such metrics.

$L_p$ stability and exponential stability are two important concepts for nonlinear dynamic systems. In this paper, we prove that a nonlinear exponentially bounded Lipschitzian semigroup is exponentially stable if and only if the semigroup is $L_p$ stable for some $p>0$. Based on the equivalence, we derive two sufficient conditions for exponential stability of the nonlinear semigroup. The results obtained extend and improve some existing ones.