The convolution sum $ \sum_{m <n/16} \sigma(m) \sigma(n-16m)$ is evaluated for all $n\in \nn$. This evaluation is used to determine the number of representations of $n$ by the quadratic form $x_1^2 +x_2^2 +x_3^2 + x_4^2 + 4x_5^2 +4x_6^2 + 4x_7^2 + 4x_8^2$.

We prove the converse of a theorem of Zaanen about the duality problem of positive AM-compact operators.

Hin\v cin proved that any limit law, associated with a triangular array of infinitesimal random variables, is infinitely divisible. The analogous result for additive free convolution was proved earlier by Bercovici and Pata. In this paper we will prove corresponding results for the multiplicative free convolution of measures definded on the unit circle and on the positive half-line.

Let $q,m,M \ge 2$ be positive integers and $r_1,r_2,\dots ,r_m$ be positive rationals and consider the following $M$ multivariate infinite products \[ F_i = \prod_{j=0}^\infty ( 1+q^{-(Mj+i)}r_1+q^{-2(Mj+i)}r_2+\dots + q^{-m(Mj+i)}r_m) \] for $i=0,1,\dots ,M-1$. In this article, we study the linear independence of these infinite products. In particular, we obtain a lower bound for the dimension of the vector space $\IQ F_0+\IQ F_1 +\dots + \IQ F_{M-1} + \IQ$ over $\IQ$ and show that among these $M$ infinite products, $F_0, F_1,\dots ,F_{M-1}$, at least $\sim M/m(m+1)$ of them are irrational for fixed $m$ and $M \rightarrow \infty$.

How few three-term arithmetic progressions can a subset $S \subseteq \Z_N := \Z/N\Z$ have if $|S| \geq \upsilon N$ (that is, $S$ has density at least $\upsilon$)? Varnavides %\cite{varnavides} showed that this number of arithmetic progressions is at least $c(\upsilon)N^2$ for sufficiently large integers $N$. It is well known that determining good lower bounds for $c(\upsilon)> 0$ is at the same level of depth as Erd\" os's famous conjecture about whether a subset $T$ of the naturals where $\sum_{n \in T} 1/n$ diverges, has a $k$-term arithmetic progression for $k=3$ (that is, a three-term arithmetic progression). We answer a question posed by B. Green %\cite{AIM} about how this minimial number of progressions oscillates for a fixed density $\upsilon$ as $N$ runs through the primes, and as $N$ runs through the odd positive integers.

We find a lower bound on the absolute value of the discriminant of the minimal polynomial of an integral symmetric matrix and apply this result to find a lower bound on Mahler's measure of related polynomials and to disprove a conjecture of D. Estes and R. Guralnick.

For unimodular semidirect products of locally compact amenable groups $N$ and $H$, we show that one can always construct a F{\o}lner net of the form $(A_\alpha \times B_\beta)$ for $G$, where $(A_\alpha)$ is a strong form of F{\o}lner net for $N$ and $(B_\beta)$ is any F{\o}lner net for $H$. Applications to the Heisenberg and Euclidean motion groups are provided.

We present a construction of singular rearrangement invariant functionals on Marcinkiewicz function/operator spaces. The functionals constructed differ from all previous examples in the literature in that they fail to be symmetric. In other words, the functional $\phi$ fails the condition that if $x\pprec y$ (Hardy-Littlewood-Polya submajorization) and $0\leq x,y$, then $0\le \phi(x)\le \phi(y).$ We apply our results to singular traces on symmetric operator spaces (in particular on symmetrically-normed ideals of compact operators), answering questions raised by Guido and Isola.

The positive cohomology groups of a finite group acting on a ring vanish when the ring has a norm one element. In this note we give explicit homotopies on the level of cochains when the group is cyclic, which allows us to express any cocycle of a cyclic group as the coboundary of an explicit cochain. The formulas in this note are closely related to the effective problems considered in previous joint work with Eli Aljadeff.

The tracial numerical range of operators on a $2$-dimensional Krein space is investigated. Results in the vein of those obtained in the context of Hilbert spaces are obtained.

The behavior of the dynamical zeta function $Z_D(s)$ related to several strictly convex disjoint obstacles is similar to that of the inverse $Q(s) = \frac{1}{\zeta(s)}$ of the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$. Let $\Pi(s)$ be the series obtained from $Z_D(s)$ summing only over primitive periodic rays. In this paper we examine the analytic singularities of $Z_D(s)$ and $\Pi(s)$ close to the line $\Re s = s_2$, where $s_2$ is the abscissa of absolute convergence of the series obtained by the second iterations of the primitive periodic rays. We show that at least one of the functions $Z_D(s), \Pi(s)$ has a singularity at $s = s_2$.

Let $k$ be a field of characteristic not $2,3$. Let $G$ be an exceptional simple algebraic group over $k$ of type $\F$, $^1{\E_6}$ or $\E_7$ with trivial Tits algebras. Let $X$ be a projective $G$-homogeneous variety. If $G$ is of type $\E_7$, we assume in addition that the respective parabolic subgroup is of type $P_7$. The main result of the paper says that the degree map on the group of zero cycles of $X$ is injective.

The topological classification of smooth real cubic surfaces is recalled and compared to the classification in terms of the number of real lines and of real tritangent planes, as obtained by L.~Schl\"afli in 1858. Using this, explicit examples of surfaces of every possible type are given.

We show that the class of system proportionally modular numerical semigroups coincides with the class of numerical semigroups having a Toms decomposition.

In this paper we study the best constant of the Sobolev trace embedding $H^{1}(\Omega)\to L^{2}(\partial\Omega)$, where $\Omega$ is a bounded smooth domain in $\RR^N$. We find a formula for the first variation of the best constant with respect to the domain. As a consequence, we prove that the ball is a critical domain when we consider deformations that preserve volume.

In this paper we consider the stepping-stone model on a circle with circular Brownian migration. We first point out a connection between Arratia flow on the circle and the marginal distribution of this model. We then give a new representation for the stepping-stone model using Arratia flow and circular coalescing Brownian motion. Such a representation enables us to carry out some explicit computations. In particular, we find the distribution for the first time when there is only one type left across the circle.

This paper is devoted to the study of Wirtinger-type inequalities for the Lebesgue $\Delta$-integral on an arbitrary time scale $\T$. We prove a general inequality for a class of absolutely continuous functions on closed subintervals of an adequate subset of $\T$. By using this expression and by assuming that $\T$ is bounded, we deduce that a general inequality is valid for every absolutely continuous function on $\T$ such that its $\Delta$-derivative belongs to $L_\Delta^2([a,b)\cap\T)$ and at most it vanishes on the boundary of $\T$.

In this paper we obtain quantitative results on the occurrence of consecutive large gaps between $B$-free numbers, and consecutive large gaps between nonzero Fourier coefficients of a class of newforms without complex multiplication.

In this paper we describe the group gradings by a finite abelian group $G$ of the matrix algebra $M_n(F)$ over an algebraically closed field $F$ of characteristic different from 2, which respect an involution (involution gradings). We also describe, under somewhat heavier restrictions on the base field, all $G$-gradings on all finite-dimensional involution simple algebras.

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a composition operator on an $\alpha$-Bloch space with $\alpha\ge 1$ to be bounded below. This extends a known result for the Bloch space due to P. Ghatage, J. Yan, D. Zheng, and H. Chen.

We prove that for every function $f\from X\to Y$, where $X$ is a separable Banach space and $Y$ is a Banach space with RNP, there exists a set $A\in\tilde\mcA$ such that $f$ is G\^ateaux differentiable at all $x\in S(f)\setminus A$, where $S(f)$ is the set of points where $f$ is pointwise-Lipschitz. This improves a result of Bongiorno. As a corollary, we obtain that every $K$-monotone function on a separable Banach space is Hadamard differentiable outside of a set belonging to $\tilde\mcC$; this improves a result due to Borwein and Wang. Another corollary is that if $X$ is Asplund, $f\from X\to\R$ cone monotone, $g\from X\to\R$ continuous convex, then there exists a point in $X$, where $f$ is Hadamard differentiable and $g$ is Fr\'echet differentiable.

We study a second order nonlinear system driven by the vector $p$-Laplacian, with a multivalued nonlinearity and defined on the positive time semi-axis $\mathbb{R}_+.$ Using degree theoretic techniques we solve an auxiliary mixed boundary value problem defined on the finite interval $[0,n]$ and then via a diagonalization method we produce a solution for the original infinite time-horizon system.

Let $\Omega$ be a domain in $\mathbb R^n$ ($n\geq 2$). We find a necessary and sufficient topological condition on $\Omega$ such that, for any measure $\mu$ on $\mathbb R^n$, there is a function $u$ with specified boundary conditions that satisfies the Poisson equation $\Delta u=\mu$ on $\Omega$ in the sense of distributions.

Let $B_p$ be the unit ball in $\mathbb{L}_p$, $0<p<1$, and let $\Delta^s_+$, $s\in\N$, be the set of all $s$-monotone functions on a finite interval $I$, \ie, $\Delta^s_+$ consists of all functions $x \colon I \mapsto \R$ such that the divided differences $[x; t_0,\dots,t_s]$ of order $s$ are nonnegative for all choices of $(s+1)$ distinct points $t_0,\dots,t_s \in I$. For the classes $\Delta^s_+ B_p := \Delta^s_+ \cap B_p$, we obtain exact orders of Kolmogorov, linear and pseudo-dimensional widths in the spaces $\Lq$, $0<q<p<1$: $$ d_n (\Delta^s_+ B_p)^{\psd}_{\Lq} \asymp d_n (\Delta^s_+ B_p)^{\kol}_{\Lq} \asymp d_n (\Delta^s_+ B_p)^{\lin}_{\Lq} \asymp n^{-s}. $$

Let $M$ be a closed Riemannian manifold. We consider the inner radius of a nodal domain for a large eigenvalue $\lambda$. We give upper and lower bounds on the inner radius of the type $C/\lambda^\alpha(\log\lambda)^\beta$. Our proof is based on a local behavior of eigenfunctions discovered by Donnelly and Fefferman and a Poincar\'{e} type inequality proved by Maz'ya. Sharp lower bounds are known only in dimension two. We give an account of this case too.

An $n$-dimensional quantum torus is a twisted group algebra of the group $\Z^n$. It is called rational if all invertible commutators are roots of unity. In the present note we describe a normal form for rational $n$-dimensional quantum tori over any field. Moreover, we show that for $n = 2$ the natural exact sequence describing the automorphism group of the quantum torus splits over any field.

We prove that for a generic hypersurface in $\mathbb P^{2n+1}$ of degree at least $2+2/n$, the $n$-th Picard number is one. The proof is algebraic in nature and follows from certain coherent cohomology vanishing.

Let $KG$ be a non-commutative strongly Lie solvable group algebra of a group $G$ over a field $K$ of positive characteristic $p$. In this note we state necessary and sufficient conditions so that the strong Lie derived length of $KG$ assumes its minimal value, namely $\lceil \log_{2}(p+1)\rceil $.

In this paper we prove that the Kostrikin radical of an extended affine Lie algebra of reduced type coincides with the center of its core, and use this characterization to get a type-free description of the core of such algebras. As a consequence we get that the core of an extended affine Lie algebra of reduced type is invariant under the automorphisms of the algebra.

The homotopy groups of a finite partially ordered set (poset) can be described entirely in the context of posets, as shown in a paper by B. Larose and C. Tardif. In this paper we describe the relative version of such a homotopy theory, for pairs $(X,A)$ where $X$ is a poset and $A$ is a subposet of $X$. We also prove some theorems on the relevant version of the notion of weak homotopy equivalences for maps of pairs of such objects. We work in the category of reflexive binary relational structures which contains the posets as in the work of Larose and Tardif.

We construct the quantum $s$-tuple subfactors for an AFD II$_{1}$ subfactor with finite index and depth, for an arbitrary natural number $s$. This is a generalization of the quantum multiple subfactors by Erlijman and Wenzl, which in turn generalized the quantum double construction of a subfactor for the case that the original subfactor gives rise to a braided tensor category. In this paper we give a multiple construction for a subfactor with a weaker condition than braidedness of the bimodule system.

In this note, we give a new short proof of the fact, recently discovered by Ye, that all (finite) values are equidistributed by the Riemann zeta function.

We apply the hypergeometric method of Thue and Siegel to prove that if $a$ and $b$ are positive integers, then the inequality $ 0 <| a^x - b^y | < \frac{1}{4} \, \max \{ a^{x/2}, b^{y/2} \}$ has at most a single solution in positive integers $x$ and $y$. This essentially sharpens a classic result of LeVeque.

Perturbation theory is a fundamental tool in Banach space theory. However, the applications of the classical results are limited by the fact that they force the perturbed sequence to be equivalent to the given sequence. We will develop a more general perturbation theory that does not force equivalence of the sequences.

Real hypersurfaces in a complex space form whose structure Jacobi operator is symmetric along the Reeb flow are studied. Among them, homogeneous real hypersurfaces of type $(A)$ in a complex projective or hyperbolic space are characterized as those whose structure Jacobi operator commutes with the shape operator.

A new semilocal convergence result for the Picard method is presented, where the main required condition in the contraction mapping principle is relaxed.

In this paper, we generalize a result recently obtained by the author. We characterize the cyclic vectors in $\Lp$. Let $f\in\Lp$ and $f\poly$ be contained in the space. We show that $f$ is non-vanishing if and only if $f$ is cyclic.

The well-known Falkner--Skan equation is one of the most important equations in laminar boundary layer theory and is used to describe the steady two-dimensional flow of a slightly viscous incompressible fluid past wedge shaped bodies of angles related to $\lambda\pi/2$, where $\lambda\in \mathbb R$ is a parameter involved in the equation. It is known that there exists $\lambda^{*}<0$ such that the equation with suitable boundary conditions has at least one positive solution for each $\lambda\ge \lambda^{*}$ and has no positive solutions for $\lambda<\lambda^{*}$. The known numerical result shows $\lambda^{*}=-0.1988$. In this paper, $\lambda^{*}\in [-0.4,-0.12]$ is proved analytically by establishing a singular integral equation which is equivalent to the Falkner--Skan equation. The equivalence result provides new techniques to study properties and existence of solutions of the Falkner--Skan equation.

Let $b_1, b_2$ be any integers such that $\gcd(b_1, b_2)=1$ and $c_1|b_1|<|b_2|\leq c_2|b_1|$, where $c_1, c_2$ are any given positive constants. Let $n$ be any integer satisfying $\{gcd(n, b_i)=1$, $i=1,2$. Let $P_k$ denote any integer with no more than $k$ prime factors, counted according to multiplicity. In this paper, for almost all $b_2$, we prove (i) a sharp lower bound for $n$ such that the equation $b_1p+b_2m=n$ is solvable in prime $p$ and almost prime $m=P_k$, $k\geq 3$ whenever both $b_i$ are positive, and (ii) a sharp upper bound for the least solutions $p, m$ of the above equation whenever $b_i$ are not of the same sign, where $p$ is a prime and $m=P_k, k\geq 3$.

This paper deals with the concepts of condensed and strongly condensed domains. By definition, an integral domain $R$ is condensed (resp. strongly condensed) if each pair of ideals $I$ and $J$ of $R$, $IJ=\{ab/a \in I, b \in J\}$ (resp. $IJ=aJ$ for some $a \in I$ or $IJ=Ib$ for some $b \in J$). More precisely, we investigate the ideal theory of condensed and strongly condensed domains in Noetherian-like settings, especially Mori and strong Mori domains and the transfer of these concepts to pullbacks.

Given a countable set $S$ of positive reals, we study finite-dimensional Ramsey-theoretic properties of the countable ultrametric Urysohn space $\textbf{Q} _S$ with distances in $S$.

The consideration of tensor products of $0$-Hecke algebra modules leads to natural analogs of the Bessel $J$-functions in the algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions. This provides a simple explanation of various combinatorial properties of Bessel functions.

An $R$-module $M$ is called a multiplication module if for each submodule $N$ of $M$, $N=IM$ for some ideal $I$ of $R$. As defined for a commutative ring $R$, an $R$-module $M$ is said to be semiprimitive if the intersection of maximal submodules of $M$ is zero. The maximal spectra of a semiprimitive multiplication module $M$ are studied. The isolated points of $\Max(M)$ are characterized algebraically. The relationships among the maximal spectra of $M$, $\Soc(M)$ and $\Ass(M)$ are studied. It is shown that $\Soc(M)$ is exactly the set of all elements of $M$ which belongs to every maximal submodule of $M$ except for a finite number. If $\Max(M)$ is infinite, $\Max(M)$ is a one-point compactification of a discrete space if and only if $M$ is Gelfand and for some maximal submodule $K$, $\Soc(M)$ is the intersection of all prime submodules of $M$ contained in $K$. When $M$ is a semiprimitive Gelfand module, we prove that every intersection of essential submodules of $M$ is an essential submodule if and only if $\Max(M)$ is an almost discrete space. The set of uniform submodules of $M$ and the set of minimal submodules of $M$ coincide. $\Ann(\Soc(M))M$ is a summand submodule of $M$ if and only if $\Max(M)$ is the union of two disjoint open subspaces $A$ and $N$, where $A$ is almost discrete and $N$ is dense in itself. In particular, $\Ann(\Soc(M))=\Ann(M)$ if and only if $\Max(M)$ is almost discrete.

Biharmonic maps are defined as critical points of the bienergy. Every harmonic map is a stable biharmonic map. In this article, the stability of nonharmonic biharmonic Legendrian submanifolds in Sasakian space forms is discussed.

In this paper, we first investigate the Dirichlet problem for coupled vortex equations. Secondly, we give existence results for solutions of the coupled vortex equations on a class of complete noncompact K\"ahler manifolds which include simply-connected strictly negative curved manifolds, Hermitian symmetric spaces of noncompact type and strictly pseudo-convex domains equipped with the Bergmann metric.

It is shown that given any sequence of automorphisms $(\phi_k)_k$ of the unit ball $\bn$ of $\cn$ such that $\|\phi_k(0)\|$ tends to $1$, there exists an inner function $I$ such that the family of ``non-Euclidean translates" $(I\circ\phi_k)_k$ is locally uniformly dense in the unit ball of $H^\infty(\bn)$.

In this paper we establish that Hankel multipliers of Laplace transform type are bounded from $L^p(w)$ into itself when $1<p<\infty$, and from $L^1(w)$ into $L^{1,\infty }(w)$, provided that $w$ is in the Muckenhoupt class $A^p$ on $((0,\infty),\,dx)$.

Let $\cA_n = \big\{ a_0 + a_1 z + \cdots + a_{n-1}z^{n-1} : a_j \in \{0, 1 \ } \big\}$, whose elements are called \emf{zero-one polynomials} and correspond naturally to the $2^n$ subsets of $[n] := \{ 0, 1, \ldots, n-1 \}$. We also let $\cA_{n,m} = \{ \alf(z) \in \cA_n : \alf(1) = m \}$, whose elements correspond to the ${n \choose m}$ subsets of~$[n]$ of size~$m$, and let $\cB_n = \cA_{n+1} \setminus \cA_n$, whose elements are the zero-one polynomials of degree exactly~$n$. Many researchers have studied norms of polynomials with restricted coefficients. Using $\norm{\alf}_p$ to denote the usual $L_p$ norm of~$\alf$ on the unit circle, one easily sees that $\alf(z) = a_0 + a_1 z + \cdots + a_N z^N \in \bR[z]$ satisfies $\norm{\alf}_2^2 = c_0$ and $\norm{\alf}_4^4 = c_0^2 + 2(c_1^2 + \cdots + c_N^2)$, where $c_k := \sum_{j=0}^{N-k} a_j a_{j+k}$ for $0 \le k \le N$. If $\alf(z) \in \cA_{n,m}$, say $\alf(z) = z^{\beta_1} + \cdots + z^{\beta_m}$ where $\beta_1 < \cdots < \beta_m$, then $c_k$ is the number of times $k$ appears as a difference $\beta_i - \beta_j$. The condition that $\alf \in \cA_{n,m}$ satisfies $c_k \in \{0,1\}$ for $1 \le k \le n-1$ is thus equivalent to the condition that $\{ \beta_1, \ldots, \beta_m \}$ is a \emf{Sidon set} (meaning all differences of pairs of elements are distinct). In this paper, we find the average of~$\|\alf\|_4^4$ over $\alf \in \cA_n$, $\alf \in \cB_n$, and $\alf \in \cA_{n,m}$. We further show that our expression for the average of~$\|\alf\|_4^4$ over~$\cA_{n,m}$ yields a new proof of the known result: if $m = o(n^{1/4})$ and $B(n,m)$ denotes the number of Sidon sets of size~$m$ in~$[n]$, then almost all subsets of~$[n]$ of size~$m$ are Sidon, in the sense that $\lim_{n \to \infty} B(n,m)/\binom{n}{m} = 1$.

We study the topological $4$-dimensional surgery problem for a closed connected orientable topological $4$-manifold $X$ with vanishing second homotopy and $\pi_1(X)\cong A * F(r)$, where $A$ has one end and $F(r)$ is the free group of rank $r\ge 1$. Our result is related to a theorem of Krushkal and Lee, and depends on the validity of the Novikov conjecture for such fundamental groups.

In this paper we prove that the cone of effective divisors on the Kontsevich moduli spaces of stable maps, $\Kgnb{0,0}(\PP^r,d)$, stabilize when $r \geq d$. We give a complete characterization of the effective divisors on $\Kgnb{0,0}(\PP^d,d)$. They are non-negative linear combinations of boundary divisors and the divisor of maps with degenerate image.

We prove that the neighborhood complex $\N(G)$, the box complex $\B(G)$, the homomorphism complex $\Hom(K_2,G)$and the Lov\'{a}sz complex $\L(G)$ have the same simple $\Z_2$-homotopy type in the sense of Whitehead. We show that these graph complexes are simple $\Z_2$-universal.

A Mauldin--Williams graph $\mathcal{M}$ is a generalization of an iterated function system by a directed graph. Its invariant set $K$ plays the role of the self-similar set. We associate a $C^{*}$-algebra $\mathcal{O}_{\mathcal{M}}(K)$ with a Mauldin--Williams graph $\mathcal{M}$ and the invariant set $K$, laying emphasis on the singular points. We assume that the underlying graph $G$ has no sinks and no sources. If $\mathcal{M}$ satisfies the open set condition in $K$, and $G$ is irreducible and is not a cyclic permutation, then the associated $C^{*}$-algebra $\mathcal{O}_{\mathcal{M}}(K)$ is simple and purely infinite. We calculate the $K$-groups for some examples including the inflation rule of the Penrose tilings.

In this article we study in detail the expansion of the Riemann $\Xi$ function in Meixner--Pollaczek polynomials. We obtain explicit formulas, recurrence relation and asymptotic expansion for the coefficients and investigate the zeros of the partial sums.

We prove, among other things, that if $C_p(X)$ is subcompact in the sense of de Groot, then the space $X$ is discrete. This generalizes a series of previous results on completeness properties of function spaces.

We use the mutually stationary sets of Foreman and Magidor as a tool to establish the validity of the two-cardinal version of the diamond principle in some special cases.

We determine the necessary and sufficient combinatorial conditions for which the tensor product of two irreducible polynomial representations of $\GL(n,\mathbb{C})$ is isomorphic to another. As a consequence we discover families of Littlewood--Richardson coefficients that are non-zero, and a condition on Schur non-negativity.

We show that limits of CS iterations of the $n$-Silver forcing notion have the $n$-localization property.

It is proved that every infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Banach space of countable type admits a linear continuous operator without a non-trivial closed invariant subspace. This solves a problem stated by A.~C.~M. van Rooij and W.~H. Schikhof in 1992.

Using a canonical linear embedding of the algebra ${\mathcal G}^{\infty}(\Omega)$ of Colombeau generalized functions in the space of $\overline{\C}$-valued $\C$-linear maps on the space ${\mathcal D}(\Omega)$ of smooth functions with compact support, we give vanishing conditions for functions and linear integral operators of class ${\mathcal G}^\infty$. These results are then applied to the zeros of holomorphic generalized functions in dimension greater than one.

In this paper we derive formulas for summation of series involving J.~Bourget's generalization of Bessel functions of integer order, as well as the analogous generalizations by H.~M.~Srivastava. These series are expressed in terms of the Riemann $\z$ function and Dirichlet functions $\eta$, $\la$, $\b$, and can be brought into closed form in certain cases, which means that the infinite series are represented by finite sums.

No abstract.