We give a short proof of a result of G.~Paouris on the tail behaviour of the Euclidean norm $|X|$ of an isotropic log-concave random vector $X\in\mathbb{R}^n,$ stating that for every $t\geq 1$, \[\mathbb{P} \big( |X|\geq ct\sqrt n\big)\leq \exp(-t\sqrt n).\] More precisely we show that for any log-concave random vector $X$ and any $p\geq 1$, \[(\mathbb{E}|X|^p)^{1/p}\sim \mathbb{E} |X|+\sup_{z\in S^{n-1}}(\mathbb{E} |\langle z,X\rangle|^p)^{1/p}.\]

Let $J$ be an abelian variety and $A$ be an abelian subvariety of $J$, both defined over $\mathbf{Q}$. Let $x$ be an element of $H^1(\mathbf{Q},A)$. Then there are at least two definitions of $x$ being visible in $J$: one asks that the torsor corresponding to $x$ be isomorphic over $\mathbf{Q}$ to a subvariety of $J$, and the other asks that $x$ be in the kernel of the natural map $H^1(\mathbf{Q},A) \to H^1(\mathbf{Q},J)$. In this article, we clarify the relation between the two definitions.

We provide a proof of a conjecture by Jakobson, Nadirashvili, and Toth stating that on an $n$-dimensional flat torus $\mathbb T^{n}$, and the Fourier transform of squares of the eigenfunctions $|\varphi_\lambda|^2$ of the Laplacian have uniform $l^n$ bounds that do not depend on the eigenvalue $\lambda$. The proof is a generalization of an argument by Jakobson, et al. for the lower dimensional cases. These results imply uniform bounds for semiclassical limits on $\mathbb T^{n+2}$. We also prove a geometric lemma that bounds the number of codimension-one simplices satisfying a certain restriction on an $n$-dimensional sphere $S^n(\lambda)$ of radius $\sqrt{\lambda}$, and we use it in the proof.

Let $F$ be a non-Archimedean local field or a finite field. Let $n$ be a natural number and $k$ be $1$ or $2$. Consider $G:=\operatorname{GL}_{n+k}(F)$ and let $M:=\operatorname{GL}_n(F) \times \operatorname{GL}_k(F)\lt G$ be a maximal Levi subgroup. Let $U\lt G$ be the corresponding unipotent subgroup and let $P=MU$ be the corresponding parabolic subgroup. Let $J:=J_M^G: \mathcal{M}(G) \to \mathcal{M}(M)$ be the Jacquet functor, i.e., the functor of coinvariants with respect to $U$. In this paper we prove that $J$ is a multiplicity free functor, i.e., $\dim \operatorname{Hom}_M(J(\pi),\rho)\leq 1$, for any irreducible representations $\pi$ of $G$ and $\rho$ of $M$. We adapt the classical method of Gelfand and Kazhdan, which proves the ``multiplicity free" property of certain representations to prove the ``multiplicity free" property of certain functors. At the end we discuss whether other Jacquet functors are multiplicity free.

Inspired by Aldous' conjecture for the spectral gap of the interchange process and its recent resolution by Caputo, Liggett, and Richthammer, we define an associated order $\prec$ on the irreducible representations of $S_n$. Aldous' conjecture is equivalent to certain representations being comparable in this order, and hence determining the ``Aldous order'' completely is a generalized question. We show a few additional entries for this order.

In this article we study the Cesàro operator $$ \mathcal{C}(f)(z)=\frac{1}{z}\int_{0}^{z}f(\zeta)\,d\zeta, $$ and its companion operator $\mathcal{T}$ on Hardy spaces of the upper half plane. We identify $\mathcal{C}$ and $\mathcal{T}$ as resolvents for appropriate semigroups of composition operators and we find the norm and the spectrum in each case. The relation of $\mathcal{C}$ and $\mathcal{T}$ with the corresponding Ces\`{a}ro operators on Lebesgue spaces $L^p(\mathbb R)$ of the boundary line is also discussed.

To every subnormal $m$-variable weighted shift $S$ (with bounded positive weights) corresponds a positive Reinhardt measure $\mu$ supported on a compact Reinhardt subset of $\mathbb C^m$. We show that, for $m \geq 2$, the dimensions of the $1$-st cohomology vector spaces associated with the Koszul complexes of $S$ and its dual ${\tilde S}$ are different if a certain radial function happens to be integrable with respect to $\mu$ (which is indeed the case with many classical examples). In particular, $S$ cannot in that case be similar to ${\tilde S}$. We next prove that, for $m \geq 2$, a Fredholm subnormal $m$-variable weighted shift $S$ cannot be similar to its dual.

We introduce and study some new function spaces on Riemann surfaces. For certain parameter values these spaces coincide with the classical Dirichlet space, BMOA or the recently defined $Q_p$ space. We establish inclusion relations that generalize earlier known inclusions between the above-mentioned spaces.

A complete characterization of valuation rings closed for a holomorphic derivation is given, following an idea of Seidenberg, in dimension $2$.

Let $(R,{\frak m})$ be a non-zero commutative Noetherian local ring (with identity), $M$ be a non-zero finitely generated $R$-module. In this paper for any ${\frak p}\in {\rm Spec}(R)$ we show that $ \operatorname{{\rm injdim_{_{R_{\frak p}}}}} H^{i-\dim(R/{\frak p})}_{{\frak p}R_{\frak p}}(M_{\frak p})$ and ${\rm fd}_{R_{\p}} H^{i-\dim(R/{\frak p})}_{{\frak p}R_{\frak p}}(M_{\frak p})$ are bounded from above by $ \operatorname{{\rm injdim_{_{R}}}} H^i_{\frak m}(M)$ and $ {\rm fd}_R H^i_{\frak m}(M)$ respectively, for all integers $i\geq \dim(R/{\frak p})$.

We study the complementation of the space $W(X,Y)$ of weakly compact operators, the space $K(X,Y)$ of compact operators, the space $U(X,Y)$ of unconditionally converging operators, and the space $CC(X,Y)$ of completely continuous operators in the space $L(X,Y)$ of bounded linear operators from $X$ to $Y$. Feder proved that if $X$ is infinite-dimensional and $c_0 \hookrightarrow Y$, then $K(X,Y)$ is uncomplemented in $L(X,Y)$. Emmanuele and John showed that if $c_0 \hookrightarrow K(X,Y)$, then $K(X,Y)$ is uncomplemented in $L(X,Y)$. Bator and Lewis showed that if $X$ is not a Grothendieck space and $c_0 \hookrightarrow Y$, then $W(X,Y)$ is uncomplemented in $L(X,Y)$. In this paper, classical results of Kalton and separably determined operator ideals with property $(*)$ are used to obtain complementation results that yield these theorems as corollaries.

In 1961, J. Barrett showed that if the first conjugate point $\eta_1(a)$ exists for the differential equation $(r(x)y'')''= p(x)y,$ where $r(x)\gt 0$ and $p(x)\gt 0$, then so does the first systems-conjugate point $\widehat\eta_1(a)$. The aim of this note is to extend this result to the general equation with middle term $(q(x)y')'$ without further restriction on $q(x)$, other than continuity.

Let $b\gt 1$ be an integer. We prove that for almost all $n$, the sum of the digits in base $b$ of the numerator of the Bernoulli number $B_{2n}$ exceeds $c\log n$, where $c:=c(b)\gt 0$ is some constant depending on $b$.

We show a pointwise estimate for the Fourier transform on the line involving the number of times the function changes monotonicity. The contrapositive of the theorem may be used to find a lower bound to the number of local maxima of a function. We also show two applications of the theorem. The first is the two weight problem for the Fourier transform, and the second is estimating the number of roots of the derivative of a function.

We prove variants of Schwarz's lemma involving monotonicity properties of condenser capacity and inner radius. Also, we examine when a similar monotonicity property holds for the hyperbolic metric.

We show that there is a bijective correspondence between the polystable parabolic principal $G$-bundles and solutions of the Hermitian-Einstein equation.

We give precise conditions under which the composition of a norm with a convex function yields a uniformly convex function on a Banach space. Various applications are given to functions of power type. The results are dualized to study uniform smoothness and several examples are provided.

Let $\lambda (n)$ denote the Liouville function. Complementary to the prime number theorem, Chowla conjectured that \begin{equation*} \label{a.1} \sum_{n\le x} \lambda (f(n)) =o(x)\tag{$*$} \end{equation*} for any polynomial $f(x)$ with integer coefficients which is not of form $bg(x)^2$. When $f(x)=x$, $(*)$ is equivalent to the prime number theorem. Chowla's conjecture has been proved for linear functions, but for degree greater than 1, the conjecture seems to be extremely hard and remains wide open. One can consider a weaker form of Chowla's conjecture. Conjecture 1. [Cassaigne et al.] If $f(x) \in \mathbb{Z} [x]$ and is not in the form of $bg^2(x)$ for some $g(x)\in \mathbb{Z}[x]$, then $\lambda (f(n))$ changes sign infinitely often. Clearly, Chowla's conjecture implies Conjecture 1. Although weaker, Conjecture 1 is still wide open for polynomials of degree $\gt 1$. In this article, we study Conjecture 1 for quadratic polynomials. One of our main theorems is the following. Theorem 1 Let $f(x) = ax^2+bx +c $ with $a\gt 0$ and $l$ be a positive integer such that $al$ is not a perfect square. If the equation $f(n)=lm^2 $ has one solution $(n_0,m_0) \in \mathbb{Z}^2$, then it has infinitely many positive solutions $(n,m) \in \mathbb{N}^2$. As a direct consequence of Theorem 1, we prove the following. Theorem 2 Let $f(x)=ax^2+bx+c$ with $a \in \mathbb{N}$ and $b,c \in \mathbb{Z}$. Let \[ A_0=\Bigl[\frac{|b|+(|D|+1)/2}{2a}\Bigr]+1. \] Then either the binary sequence $\{ \lambda (f(n)) \}_{n=A_0}^\infty$ is a constant sequence or it changes sign infinitely often. Some partial results of Conjecture 1 for quadratic polynomials are also proved using Theorem 1.

Some subadditivity inequalities for matrices and concave functions also hold for Hilbert space operators, but (unfortunately!) with an additional $\varepsilon$ term. It seems not possible to erase this residual term. However, in case of compact operators we show that the $\varepsilon$ term is unnecessary. Further, these inequalities are strict in a certain sense when some natural assumptions are satisfied. The discussion also stresses on matrices and their compressions and several open questions or conjectures are considered, both in the matrix and operator settings.

We study the existence of continuity points for mappings $f\colon X\times Y\to Z$ whose $x$-sections $Y\ni y\to f(x,y)\in Z$ are fragmentable and $y$-sections $X\ni x\to f(x,y)\in Z$ are quasicontinuous, where $X$ is a Baire space and $Z$ is a metric space. For the factor $Y$, we consider two infinite ``point-picking'' games $G_1(y)$ and $G_2(y)$ defined respectively for each $y\in Y$ as follows: in the $n$-th inning, Player I gives a dense set $D_n\subset Y$, respectively, a dense open set $D_n\subset Y$. Then Player II picks a point $y_n\in D_n$; II wins if $y$ is in the closure of ${\{y_n:n\in\mathbb N\}}$, otherwise I wins. It is shown that (i) $f$ is cliquish if II has a winning strategy in $G_1(y)$ for every $y\in Y$, and (ii) $ f$ is quasicontinuous if the $x$-sections of $f$ are continuous and the set of $y\in Y$ such that II has a winning strategy in $G_2(y)$ is dense in $Y$. Item (i) extends substantially a result of Debs and item (ii) indicates that the problem of Talagrand on separately continuous maps has a positive answer for a wide class of ``small'' compact spaces.

An improved estimate is provided for the number of $\mathbb{F}_q$-rational points on a geometrically irreducible, projective, cubic hypersurface that is not equal to a cone.

For Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$, we show that if $X^\ast$ and $Y$ are weakly sequentially complete and every weakly compact operator from $X$ to $Y$ is compact then the space of all compact operators from $X$ to $Y$ is weakly sequentially complete. The converse is also true if, in addition, either $X^\ast$ or $Y$ has the bounded compact approximation property.

By considering the specialisation $s_{\lambda}(1,q,q^2,\dots,q^{n-1})$ of the Schur function, Stanley was able to describe a formula for the number of semistandard Young tableaux of shape $\lambda$ in terms of the contents and hook lengths of the boxes in the Young diagram. Using specialisations of symplectic and orthogonal Schur functions, we derive corresponding formulae, first given by El Samra and King, for the number of semistandard symplectic and orthogonal $\lambda$-tableaux.

Dufresnoy and Pisot characterized the smallest Pisot number of degree $n \geq 3$ by giving explicitly its minimal polynomial. In this paper, we translate Dufresnoy and Pisot's result to the Laurent series case. The aim of this paper is to prove that the minimal polynomial of the smallest Pisot element (SPE) of degree $n$ in the field of formal power series over a finite field is given by $P(Y)=Y^{n}-\alpha XY^{n-1}-\alpha^n,$ where $\alpha$ is the least element of the finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q}\backslash\{0\}$ (as a finite total ordered set). We prove that the sequence of SPEs of degree $n$ is decreasing and converges to $\alpha X.$ Finally, we show how to obtain explicit continued fraction expansion of the smallest Pisot element over a finite field.

Some families of Randers metrics of scalar flag curvature are studied in this paper. Explicit examples that are neither locally projectively flat nor of isotropic $S$-curvature are given. Certain Randers metrics with Einstein $\alpha$ are considered and proved to be complex. Three dimensional Randers manifolds, with $\alpha$ having constant scalar curvature, are studied.

Total embedding distributions have been known for a few classes of graphs. Chen, Gross, and Rieper computed it for necklaces, close-end ladders and cobblestone paths. Kwak and Shim computed it for bouquets of circles and dipoles. In this paper, a splitting theorem is generalized and the embedding distributions of generalized fan graphs are obtained.

In this note, we first give a characterization of super weakly compact convex sets of a Banach space $X$: a closed bounded convex set $K\subset X$ is super weakly compact if and only if there exists a $w^*$ lower semicontinuous seminorm $p$ with $p\geq\sigma_K\equiv\sup_{x\in K}\langle\,\cdot\,,x\rangle$ such that $p^2$ is uniformly Fréchet differentiable on each bounded set of $X^*$. Then we present a representation theorem for the dual of the semigroup $\textrm{swcc}(X)$ consisting of all the nonempty super weakly compact convex sets of the space $X$.

We prove a result concerning power series $f(z)\in\mathbb{C}[\mkern-3mu[z]\mkern-3mu]$ satisfying a functional equation of the form $$ f(z^d)=\sum_{k=1}^n \frac{A_k(z)}{B_k(z)}f(z)^k, $$ where $A_k(z),B_k(z)\in \mathbb{C}[z]$. In particular, we show that if $f(z)$ satisfies a minimal functional equation of the above form with $n\geqslant 2$, then $f(z)$ is necessarily transcendental. Towards a more complete classification, the case $n=1$ is also considered.

M. Hu and S. Wen considered quasisymmetrically minimal uniform Cantor sets of Hausdorff dimension $1$, where at the $k$-th set one removes from each interval $I$ a certain number $n_{k}$ of open subintervals of length $c_{k}|I|$, leaving $(n_{k}+1)$ closed subintervals of equal length. Quasisymmetrically Moran sets of Hausdorff dimension $1$ considered in the paper are more general than uniform Cantor sets in that neither the open subintervals nor the closed subintervals are required to be of equal length.

Let ${\mathcal X}$ be a locally compact metric space and let ${\mathcal A}$ be any of the Lipschitz algebras ${\operatorname{Lip}_{\alpha}{\mathcal X}}$, ${\operatorname{lip}_{\alpha}{\mathcal X}}$ or ${\operatorname{lip}_{\alpha}^0{\mathcal X}}$. In this paper, we show, as a consequence of rather more general results on Banach algebras, that ${\mathcal A}$ is $C$-character amenable if and only if ${\mathcal X}$ is uniformly discrete.

We prove the non-existence of real hypersurfaces in complex projective space whose structure Jacobi operator is Lie $\mathbb{D}$-parallel and satisfies a further condition.

We prove that the Return Times Theorem holds true for pairs of $L^p-L^q$ functions, whenever $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}<\frac{3}{2}$.

Examples of distinct weighted model sets with equal $2,3,4, 5$-point correlations are given.

In 1968, Galvin conjectured that an uncountable poset $P$ is the union of countably many chains if and only if this is true for every subposet $Q \subseteq P$ with size $\aleph_1$. In 1981, Rado formulated a similar conjecture that an uncountable interval graph $G$ is countably chromatic if and only if this is true for every induced subgraph $H \subseteq G$ with size $\aleph_1$. Todorčević has shown that Rado's Conjecture is consistent relative to the existence of a supercompact cardinal, while the consistency of Galvin's Conjecture remains open. In this paper, we survey and collect a variety of results related to these two conjectures. We also show that the extension of Rado's conjecture to the class of all chordal graphs is relatively consistent with the existence of a supercompact cardinal.

We prove a necessary and sufficient condition on the list of nonzero integers $u_1,\dots,u_k$, $k \geq 2$, under which a monic polynomial $f \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ is expressible by a linear form $u_1f_1+\dots+u_kf_k$ in monic polynomials $f_1,\dots,f_k \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$. This condition is independent of $f$. We also show that if this condition holds, then the monic polynomials $f_1,\dots,f_k$ can be chosen to be irreducible in $\mathbb{Z}[x]$.

In this paper we study the notion of equivariant forms introduced in the authors' previous works. In particular, we completely classify all the equivariant forms for a subgroup of $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ by means of the cross-ratio, the weight 2 modular forms, the quasimodular forms, as well as differential forms of a Riemann surface and sections of a canonical line bundle.

Let $X$ be a compact metric space. A lower bound for the radius of comparison of the C*-algebra $\operatorname{C}(X)$ is given in terms of $\operatorname{dim}_{\mathbb{Q}} X$, where $\operatorname{dim}_{\mathbb{Q}} X $ is the cohomological dimension with rational coefficients. If $\operatorname{dim}_{\mathbb{Q}} X =\operatorname{dim} X=d$, then the radius of comparison of the C*-algebra $\operatorname{C}(X)$ is $\max\{0, (d-1)/2-1\}$ if $d$ is odd, and must be either $d/2-1$ or $d/2-2$ if $d$ is even (the possibility of $d/2-1$ does occur, but we do not know if the possibility of $d/2-2$ also can occur).

We establish estimates for restrictions to certain curves in $\mathbb R^2$ of the Fourier transforms of some fractal measures.

We show that the following $K_0$-monoid properties of $C^*$-algebras in the class $\Omega$ are inherited by simple unital $C^*$-algebras in the class $TA\Omega$: (1) weak comparability, (2) strictly unperforated, (3) strictly cancellative.

Let $A$ be a Banach algebra and $\pi \colon A \longrightarrow \mathscr L(H)$ be a continuous representation of $A$ on a separable Hilbert space $H$ with $\dim H =\frak m$. Let $\pi_{ij}$ be the coordinate functions of $\pi$ with respect to an orthonormal basis and suppose that for each $1\le j \le \frak m$, $C_j=\sum_{i=1}^{\frak m} \|\pi_{ij}\|_{A^*}\lt \infty$ and $\sup_j C_j\lt \infty$. Under these conditions, we call an element $\overline\Phi \in l^\infty (\frak m , A^{**})$ left $\pi$-invariant if $a\cdot \overline\Phi ={}^t\pi (a) \overline\Phi$ for all $a\in A$. In this paper we prove a link between the existence of left $\pi$-invariant elements and the vanishing of certain Hochschild cohomology groups of $A$. Our results extend an earlier result by Lau on $F$-algebras and recent results of Kaniuth-Lau-Pym and the second named author in the special case that $\pi \colon A \longrightarrow \mathbf C$ is a non-zero character on $A$.

We establish some inequalities for the second moment $$ \frac{1}{|K|} \int_{K}|x|_2^2 \,dx $$ of a convex body $K$ under various assumptions on the position of $K$.

A domain $\Omega$ is called a domain of injective holomorphy if there exists an injective holomorphic function $f\colon \Omega\rightarrow\mathbb{C}$ that is non-extendable. We give examples of domains that are domains of injective holomorphy and others that are not. In particular, every regular domain $(\overline\Omega^o=\Omega)$ is a domain of injective holomorphy, and every simply connected domain is a domain of injective holomorphy as well.

The Riemann zeta-function is employed to generate universally overconvergent power series.

A vector measure result is used to study the complementation of the space $K(X,Y)$ of compact operators in the spaces $W(X,Y)$ of weakly compact operators, $CC(X,Y)$ of completely continuous operators, and $U(X,Y)$ of unconditionally converging operators. Results of Kalton and Emmanuele concerning the complementation of $K(X,Y)$ in $L(X,Y)$ and in $W(X,Y)$ are generalized. The containment of $c_0$ and $\ell_\infty$ in spaces of operators is also studied.

We extend results proved by the second author (Amer. J. Math., 2009) for nonnegatively curved Alexandrov spaces to general compact Alexandrov spaces $X$ with curvature bounded below. The gradient flow of a geodesically convex functional on the quadratic Wasserstein space $(\mathcal P(X),W_2)$ satisfies the evolution variational inequality. Moreover, the gradient flow enjoys uniqueness and contractivity. These results are obtained by proving a first variation formula for the Wasserstein distance.

Let $g\mapsto g^*$ denote an involution on a group $G$. For any (commutative, associative) ring $R$ (with $1$), $*$ extends linearly to an involution of the group ring $RG$. An element $\alpha\in RG$ is symmetric if $\alpha^*=\alpha$ and skew-symmetric if $\alpha^*=-\alpha$. The skew-symmetric elements are closed under the Lie bracket, $[\alpha,\beta]=\alpha\beta-\beta\alpha$. In this paper, we investigate when this set is also closed under the ring product in $RG$. The symmetric elements are closed under the Jordan product, $\alpha\circ\beta=\alpha\beta+\beta\alpha$. Here, we determine when this product is trivial. These two problems are analogues of problems about the skew-symmetric and symmetric elements in group rings that have received a lot of attention.

Dimension groups (not countable) that are also real ordered vector spaces can be obtained as direct limits (over directed sets) of simplicial real vector spaces (finite dimensional vector spaces with the coordinatewise ordering), but the directed set is not as interesting as one would like, i.e., it is not true that a countable-dimensional real vector space that has interpolation can be represented as such a direct limit over the a countable directed set. It turns out this is the case when the group is additionally simple, and it is shown that the latter have an ordered tensor product decomposition. In the Appendix, we provide a huge class of polynomial rings that, with a pointwise ordering, are shown to satisfy interpolation, extending a result outlined by Fuchs.

A linear Cantor set $C$ with zero Lebesgue measure is associated with the countable collection of the bounded complementary open intervals. A rearrangment of $C$ has the same lengths of its complementary intervals, but with different locations. We study the Hausdorff and packing $h$-measures and dimensional properties of the set of all rearrangments of some given $C$ for general dimension functions $h$. For each set of complementary lengths, we construct a Cantor set rearrangement which has the maximal Hausdorff and the minimal packing $h$-premeasure, up to a constant. We also show that if the packing measure of this Cantor set is positive, then there is a rearrangement which has infinite packing measure.

In this paper we discuss the existence of mild and classical solutions for a class of abstract non-autonomous neutral functional differential equations. An application to partial neutral differential equations is considered.

Ziegler's Indecomposability Criterion is used to prove that a totally transcendental, i.e., $\Sigma$-pure injective, indecomposable left module over a left noetherian ring is a directed union of finitely generated indecomposable modules. The same criterion is also used to give a sufficient condition for a pure injective indecomposable module ${_R}U$ to have an indecomposable local dual $U_R^{\sharp}.$

We prove the existence of an approximation function for holomorphic solutions of a system of real analytic equations. For this we use ultraproducts and Weierstrass systems introduced by J. Denef and L. Lipshitz. We also prove a version of the Płoski smoothing theorem in this case.

Let $\sigma_{\mathbb Z}(k)$ be the smallest $n$ such that there exists an identity \[ (x_1^2 + x_2^2 + \cdots + x_k^2) \cdot (y_1^2 + y_2^2 + \cdots + y_k^2) = f_1^2 + f_2^2 + \cdots + f_n^2, \] with $f_1,\dots,f_n$ being polynomials with integer coefficients in the variables $x_1,\dots,x_k$ and $y_1,\dots,y_k$. We prove that $\sigma_{\mathbb Z}(k) \geq \Omega(k^{6/5})$.

In this paper we study the existence of periodic solutions of a Volterra type integral equation with infinite heredity. Banach fixed point theorem, Krasnosel'skii's fixed point theorem, and a combination of Krasnosel'skii's and Schaefer's fixed point theorems are employed in the analysis. The combination theorem of Krasnosel'skii and Schaefer requires an a priori bound on all solutions. We employ Liapunov's direct method to obtain such an a priori bound. In the process, we compare these theorems in terms of assumptions and outcomes.

The Mahler measure of a nonzero $n$-variable polynomial $P$ is the integral of $\log|P|$ on the unit $n$-torus. A result of Boyd and Lawton says that the Mahler measure of a multivariate polynomial is the limit of Mahler measures of univariate polynomials. We prove the analogous result for different extensions of Mahler measure such as generalized Mahler measure (integrating the maximum of $\log|P|$ for possibly different $P$'s), multiple Mahler measure (involving products of $\log|P|$ for possibly different $P$'s), and higher Mahler measure (involving $\log^k|P|$).

The concept of $C_{k}$-spaces is introduced, situated at an intermediate stage between $H$-spaces and $T$-spaces. The $C_{k}$-space corresponds to the $k$-th Milnor-Stasheff filtration on spaces. It is proved that a space $X$ is a $C_{k}$-space if and only if the Gottlieb set $G(Z,X)=[Z,X]$ for any space $Z$ with ${\rm cat}\, Z\le k$, which generalizes the fact that $X$ is a $T$-space if and only if $G(\Sigma B,X)=[\Sigma B,X]$ for any space $B$. Some results on the $C_{k}$-space are generalized to the $C_{k}^{f}$-space for a map $f\colon A \to X$. Projective spaces, lens spaces and spaces with a few cells are studied as examples of $C_{k}$-spaces, and non-$C_{k}$-spaces.

We give sufficient conditions for the following problem: given a topological space $X$, a metric space $Y$, a subspace $Z$ of $Y$, and a continuous map $f$ from $X$ to $Y$, is it possible, by applying to $f$ an arbitrarily small perturbation, to ensure that $f(X)$ does not meet $Z$? We also give a relative variant: if $f(X')$ does not meet $Z$ for a certain subset $X'\subset X$, then we may keep $f$ unchanged on $X'$. We also develop a variant for continuous sections of fibrations and discuss some applications to matrix perturbation theory.

In this paper, we investigate a semilinear elliptic equation that involves multiple Hardy-type terms and critical Hardy-Sobolev exponents. By the Moser iteration method and analytic techniques, the asymptotic properties of its nontrivial solutions at the singular points are investigated.

We consider semicrossed products of the disk algebra with respect to endomorphisms defined by finite Blaschke products. We characterize the Jacobson radical of these operator algebras. Furthermore, in the case the finite Blaschke product is elliptic, we show that the semicrossed product contains no nonzero quasinilpotent elements. However, if the finite Blaschke product is hyperbolic or parabolic with positive hyperbolic step, the Jacobson radical is nonzero and a proper subset of the set of quasinilpotent elements.

We study an even order system boundary value problem with periodic boundary conditions. By establishing the existence of a positive eigenvalue of an associated linear system Sturm-Liouville problem, we obtain new conditions for the boundary value problem to have a positive solution. Our major tools are the Krein-Rutman theorem for linear spectra and the fixed point index theory for compact operators.

An explicit construction of a pre-quantum line bundle for the moduli space of flat $G$-bundles over a Riemann surface is given, where $G$ is any non-simply connected compact simple Lie group. This work helps to explain a curious coincidence previously observed between Toledano Laredo's work classifying central extensions of loop groups $LG$ and the author's previous work on the obstruction to pre-quantization of the moduli space of flat $G$-bundles.

We consider a nonlinear periodic problem driven by a nonlinear nonhomogeneous differential operator and a Carathéodory reaction term $f(t,x)$ that exhibits a $(p-1)$-superlinear growth in $x \in \mathbb{R}$ near $\pm\infty$ and near zero. A special case of the differential operator is the scalar $p$-Laplacian. Using a combination of variational methods based on the critical point theory with Morse theory (critical groups), we show that the problem has three nontrivial solutions, two of which have constant sign (one positive, the other negative).

In this paper we study uniqueness of entire functions sharing a non-zero finite value with linear differential polynomials and address a result of W. Wang and P. Li.

The Banach spaces $L(X, Y)$, $K(X, Y)$, $L_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$, and $K_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$ are studied to determine when they contain the classical Banach spaces $c_o$ or $\ell_\infty$. The complementation of the Banach space $K(X, Y)$ in $L(X, Y)$ is discussed as well as what impact this complementation has on the embedding of $c_o$ or $\ell_\infty$ in $K(X, Y)$ or $L(X, Y)$. Results of Kalton, Feder, and Emmanuele concerning the complementation of $K(X, Y)$ in $L(X, Y)$ are generalized. Results concerning the complementation of the Banach space $K_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$ in $L_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$ are also explored as well as how that complementation affects the embedding of $c_o$ or $\ell_\infty$ in $K_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$ or $L_{w^*}(X^*, Y)$. The $\ell_p$ spaces for $1 = p < \infty$ are studied to determine when the space of compact operators from one $\ell_p$ space to another contains $c_o$. The paper contains a new result which classifies these spaces of operators. A new result using vector measures is given to provide more efficient proofs of theorems by Kalton, Feder, Emmanuele, Emmanuele and John, and Bator and Lewis.

We show that any Lipschitz projection-valued function $p$ on a connected closed Riemannian manifold can be approximated uniformly by smooth projection-valued functions $q$ with Lipschitz constant close to that of $p$. This answers a question of Rieffel.

In this paper, we discuss monotonicity formulae of various entropy functionals under various rescaled versions of Ricci flow. As an application, we prove that the lowest eigenvalue of a family of geometric operators $-4\Delta + kR$ is monotonic along the normalized Ricci flow for all $k\ge 1$ provided the initial manifold has nonpositive total scalar curvature.

Let $R$ be a semiprime ring with center $Z(R)$. For $x,y\in R$, we denote by $[x,y]=xy-yx$ the commutator of $x$ and $y$. If $\sigma$ is a non-identity automorphism of $R$ such that $$ \Big[\big[\dots\big[[\sigma(x^{n_0}),x^{n_1}],x^{n_2}\big],\dots\big],x^{n_k}\Big]=0 $$ for all $x \in R$, where $n_{0},n_{1},n_{2},\dots,n_{k}$ are fixed positive integers, then there exists a map $\mu\colon R\rightarrow Z(R)$ such that $\sigma(x)=x+\mu(x)$ for all $x\in R$. In particular, when $R$ is a prime ring, $R$ is commutative.

We give a partial answer to a conjecture of Dostanić on the determination of the norm of a class of integral operators induced by the weighted Bergman projection in the upper half plane.

We give a simple proof of the value of the resultant of two Chebyshev polynomials (of the first or the second kind), values lately obtained by D. P. Jacobs, M. O. Rayes and V. Trevisan.

In this paper, we consider the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the trapped dipolar quantum gases. We obtain the sharp criterion for the global existence and finite time blow up in the unstable regime by constructing a variational problem and the so-called invariant manifold of the evolution flow.

We extend the notion of Zindler curve from the Euclidean plane to normed planes. A characterization of Zindler curves for general normed planes is given, and the relation between Zindler curves and curves of constant area-halving distances in such planes is discussed.

We prove that for simple complex finite dimensional Lie algebras, affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras, the Virasoro algebra and the Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra, simple highest weight modules are characterized by the property that all positive root elements act on these modules locally nilpotently. We also show that this is not the case for higher rank Virasoro and for Heisenberg algebras.

We establish asymptotics and uniqueness (up to translation) of travelling waves for delayed 2D lattice equations with non-monotone birth functions. First, with the help of Ikehara's Theorem, the a priori asymptotic behavior of travelling wave is exactly derived. Then, based on the obtained asymptotic behavior, the uniqueness of the traveling waves is proved. These results complement earlier results in the literature.

In this paper we prove weighted norm inequalities with weights in the $A_p$ classes, for pseudodifferential operators with symbols in the class ${S^{n(\rho -1)}_{\rho, \delta}}$ that fall outside the scope of Calderón-Zygmund theory. This is accomplished by controlling the sharp function of the pseudodifferential operator by Hardy-Littlewood type maximal functions. Our weighted norm inequalities also yield $L^{p}$ boundedness of commutators of functions of bounded mean oscillation with a wide class of operators in $\mathrm{OP}S^{m}_{\rho, \delta}$.

In a recent paper, Miller derived a Kummer-type transformation for the generalised hypergeometric function ${}_pF_p(x)$ when pairs of parameters differ by unity, by means of a reduction formula for a certain Kampé de Fériet function. An alternative and simpler derivation of this transformation is obtained here by application of the well-known Kummer transformation for the confluent hypergeometric function corresponding to $p=1$.

We provide a criterion for the central norm to be any value in the simple continued fraction expansion of $\sqrt{D}$ for any non-square integer $D>1$. We also provide a simple criterion for the solvability of the Pell equation $x^2-Dy^2=-1$ in terms of congruence conditions modulo $D$.

In this paper we define lower, upper, and symmetric completeness and discuss closure of the sets in product and direct sums. In particular, we introduce suitable bases for these topologies, which leads us to investigate completeness of the direct sum and its components. Some results obtained about $X$-topologies and polars of the neighborhoods.

Given a group automorphism $\phi:\Gamma\longrightarrow \Gamma$, one has an action of $\Gamma$ on itself by $\phi$-twisted conjugacy, namely, $g.x=gx\phi(g^{-1})$. The orbits of this action are called $\phi$-twisted conjugacy classes. One says that $\Gamma$ has the $R_\infty$-property if there are infinitely many $\phi$-twisted conjugacy classes for every automorphism $\phi$ of $\Gamma$. In this paper we show that $\operatorname{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z})$ and its congruence subgroups have the $R_\infty$-property. Further we show that any (countable) abelian extension of $\Gamma$ has the $R_\infty$-property where $\Gamma$ is a torsion free non-elementary hyperbolic group, or $\operatorname{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z}), \operatorname{Sp}(2n,\mathbb{Z})$ or a principal congruence subgroup of $\operatorname{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z})$ or the fundamental group of a complete Riemannian manifold of constant negative curvature.

Product type equivalence relations are hyperfinite measured equivalence relations, which, up to orbit equivalence, are generated by product type odometer actions. We give a concrete example of a hyperfinite equivalence relation of non-product type, which is the tail equivalence on a Bratteli diagram. In order to show that the equivalence relation constructed is not of product type we will use a criterion called property A. This property, introduced by Krieger for non-singular transformations, is defined directly for hyperfinite equivalence relations in this paper.

In this paper we determine the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness on the sequence space $n(\phi)$ of W. L. C. Sargent. Further we apply the technique of measures of noncompactness to the theory of infinite systems of differential equations in the Banach sequence spaces $n(\phi)$ and $m(\phi)$. Our aim is to present some existence results for infinite systems of differential equations formulated with the help of measures of noncompactness.

Let $T$ be a contraction on a complex, separable, infinite dimensional Hilbert space and let $\sigma \left( T\right) $ (resp. $\sigma _{e}\left( T\right) )$ be its spectrum (resp. essential spectrum). We assume that $T$ is an essentially isometric operator, that is $I_{H}-T^{\ast }T$ is compact. We show that if $D\diagdown \sigma \left( T\right) \neq \emptyset ,$ then for every $f$ from the disc-algebra, \begin{equation*} \sigma _{e}\left( f\left( T\right) \right) =f\left( \sigma _{e}\left( T\right) \right) , \end{equation*} where $D$ is the open unit disc. In addition, if $T$ lies in the class $ C_{0\cdot }\cup C_{\cdot 0},$ then \begin{equation*} \sigma _{e}\left( f\left( T\right) \right) =f\left( \sigma \left( T\right) \cap \Gamma \right) , \end{equation*} where $\Gamma $ is the unit circle. Some related problems are also discussed.

It is shown that a Lie algebra having a nilpotent radical has a fundamental set of invariants consisting of Casimir operators. A different proof is given in the well known special case of an abelian radical. A result relating the number of invariants to the dimension of the Cartan subalgebra is also established.

For a manifold with boundary, the restriction of Chern's transgression form of the Euler curvature form over the boundary is closed. Its cohomology class is called the secondary Chern-Euler class and was used by Sha to formulate a relative Poincaré-Hopf theorem under the condition that the metric on the manifold is locally product near the boundary. We show that the secondary Chern-Euler form is exact away from the outward and inward unit normal vectors of the boundary by explicitly constructing a transgression form. Using Stokes' theorem, this evaluates the boundary term in Sha's relative Poincaré-Hopf theorem in terms of more classical indices of the tangential projection of a vector field. This evaluation in particular shows that Sha's relative Poincaré-Hopf theorem is equivalent to the more classical law of vector fields.

Let $X$ be a smooth complex projective variety, and let $H \in \operatorname{Pic}(X)$ be an ample line bundle. Assume that $X$ is covered by rational curves with degree one with respect to $H$ and with anticanonical degree greater than or equal to $(\dim X -1)/2$. We prove that there is a covering family of such curves whose numerical class spans an extremal ray in the cone of curves $\operatorname{NE}(X)$.

An epimorphism $\phi\colon G\to H$ of groups, where $G$ has rank $n$, is called coessential if every (ordered) generating $n$-tuple of $H$ can be lifted along $\phi$ to a generating $n$-tuple for $G$. We discuss this property in the context of the category of groups, and establish a criterion for such a group $G$ to have the property that its abelianization epimorphism $G\to G/[G,G]$, where $[G,G]$ is the commutator subgroup, is coessential. We give an example of a family of 2-generator groups whose abelianization epimorphism is not coessential. This family also provides counterexamples to the generalized Andrews--Curtis conjecture.

We establish a mixed norm estimate for the Radon transform in $\mathbb{R}^2$ when the set of directions has fractional dimension. This estimate is used to prove a result about an exceptional set of directions connected with projections of planar sets. That leads to a conjecture analogous to a well-known conjecture of Furstenberg.

We prove weak-type $(1,1)$ estimates for compositions of maximal operators with singular integrals. Our main object of interest is the operator $\Delta^*\Psi$ where $\Delta^*$ is Bourgain's maximal multiplier operator and $\Psi$ is the sum of several modulated singular integrals; here our method yields a significantly improved bound for the $L^q$ operator norm when $1 \lt q \lt 2.$ We also consider associated variation-norm estimates.

We determine the best constants $C_{p,\infty}$ and $C_{1,p}$, $1 &lt; p &lt; \infty$, for which the following holds. If $u$, $v$ are orthogonal harmonic functions on a Euclidean domain such that $v$ is differentially subordinate to $u$, then $$ \|v\|_p \leq C_{p,\infty} \|u\|_\infty,\quad \|v\|_1 \leq C_{1,p} \|u\|_p. $$ In particular, the inequalities are still sharp for the conjugate harmonic functions on the unit disc of $\mathbb R^2$. Sharp probabilistic versions of these estimates are also studied. As an application, we establish a sharp version of the classical logarithmic inequality of Zygmund.

In this paper we extend K. Rubin's methods to prove the Gras conjecture for abelian extensions of a given imaginary quadratic field $k$ and prime numbers $p$ that divide the number of roots of unity in $k$.

In this paper we prove Chen inequalities for submanifolds of real space forms endowed with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection, i.e., relations between the mean curvature associated with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection, scalar and sectional curvatures, Ricci curvatures and the sectional curvature of the ambient space. The equality cases are considered.

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem $$ \begin{cases} u_{t}=\Delta(u^{m}), &x\in{}\mathbb{R}^{N}, t>0, N\geq3, \\ % ^^----- here u(x,0)=u_{0}(x), &x\in{}\mathbb{R}^{N}. \end{cases} $$ We will prove that: (i) for $m_{c}<m,m_{0}<1$, $|u(x,t,m)-u(x,t,m_{0})|\rightarrow0$ as $m\rightarrow{}m_{0}$ {uniformly on } every compact subset of $\mathbb{R}^{N}\times\mathbb{R}^{+},$ where $m_{c}=\frac{(N-2)_{+}}{N}$; (ii) there is a $C^{\ast}$ that explicitly depends on $m$ such that $$ \|u(\cdot,\cdot,m)-u(\cdot,\cdot,1)\|_{L^{2} (\mathbb{R}^{N}\times\mathbb{R}^{+})}\leq{}C^{\ast}|m-1|. $$

The study carried out in this paper about some new examples of Banach spaces, consisting of certain valued fields extensions, is a typical non-archimedean feature. We determine whether these extensions are of countable type, have $t$-orthogonal bases, or are reflexive. As an application we construct, for a class of base fields, a norm $\|\cdot\|$ on $c_0$, equivalent to the canonical supremum norm, without non-zero vectors that are $\|\cdot\|$-orthogonal and such that there is a multiplication on $c_0$ making $(c_0,\|\cdot\|)$ into a valued field.

We identify the quantum limits of scattering states for the modular surface. This is obtained through the study of quantum measures of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series away from the critical line. We provide a range of stability for the quantum unique ergodicity theorem of Luo and Sarnak.

We prove metric rigidity for complete manifolds supporting solutions of certain second order differential systems, thus extending classical works on a characterization of space-forms. Along the way, we also discover new characterizations of space-forms. We next generalize results concerning metric rigidity via equations involving vector fields.

Let $1 \lt p_1 \leq p_2 \leq p_3 \leq \dots$ be an infinite sequence $\mathcal{P}$ of real numbers for which $p_i \to \infty$, and associate to this sequence the Beurling zeta function $\zeta_{\mathcal{P}}(s):= \prod_{i=1}^{\infty}(1-p_i^{-s})^{-1}$. Suppose that for some constant $A\gt 0$, we have $\zeta_{\mathcal{P}}(s) \sim A/(s-1)$, as $s\downarrow 1$. We prove that $\mathcal{P}$ satisfies an analogue of a classical theorem of Mertens: $\prod_{p_i \leq x}(1-1/p_i)^{-1} \sim A \e^{\gamma} \log{x}$, as $x\to\infty$. Here $\e = 2.71828\ldots$ is the base of the natural logarithm and $\gamma = 0.57721\ldots$ is the usual Euler--Mascheroni constant. This strengthens a recent theorem of Olofsson.

Let $(X,\mathcal B,\mu)$ be a $\sigma$-finite measure space and let $H\subset L^2(X,\mu)$ be a separable reproducing kernel Hilbert space on $X$. We show that the multiplier algebra of $H$ has property $(A_1(1))$.

We first determine the domination number for the zero-divisor graph of the product of two commutative rings with $1$. We then calculate the domination number for the zero-divisor graph of any commutative artinian ring. Finally, we extend some of the results to non-commutative rings in which an element is a left zero-divisor if and only if it is a right zero-divisor.

Several measures for the density of sets of integers have been proposed, such as the asymptotic density, the Schnirelmann density, and the Dirichlet density. There has been some work in the literature on extending some of these concepts of density to higher dimensional sets of integers. In this work, we propose an extension of the Dirichlet density for sets of Gaussian integers and investigate some of its properties.

Let $(X,\mathcal{B},m,\tau)$ be a dynamical system with $(X,\mathcal{B},m)$ a probability space and $\tau$ an invertible, measure preserving transformation. This paper deals with the almost everywhere convergence in $\textrm{L}^1(X)$ of a sequence of operators of weighted averages. Almost everywhere convergence follows once we obtain an appropriate maximal estimate and once we provide a dense class where convergence holds almost everywhere. The weights are given by convolution products of members of a sequence of probability measures $\{\nu_i\}$ defined on $\mathbb{Z}$. We then exhibit cases of such averages where convergence fails.

We introduce semi-invariant Riemannian submersions from almost Hermitian manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. We give examples, investigate the geometry of foliations that arise from the definition of a Riemannian submersion, and find necessary sufficient conditions for total manifold to be a locally product Riemannian manifold. We also find necessary and sufficient conditions for a semi-invariant submersion to be totally geodesic. Moreover, we obtain a classification for semi-invariant submersions with totally umbilical fibers and show that such submersions put some restrictions on total manifolds.

Frey and Jarden asked if any abelian variety over a number field $K$ has the infinite Mordell-Weil rank over the maximal abelian extension $K^{\operatorname{ab}}$. In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to their conjecture for the Jacobian variety of any smooth projective curve $C$ over $K$ such that $\sharp C(K^{\operatorname{ab}})=\infty$ and for any abelian variety of $\operatorname{GL}_2$-type with trivial character.

Suppose that $G$ is an abelian group, $A \subset G$ is finite with $|A+A| \leq K|A|$ and $\eta \in (0,1]$ is a parameter. Our main result is that there is a set $\mathcal{L}$ such that \begin{equation*} |A \cap \operatorname{Span}(\mathcal{L})| \geq K^{-O_\eta(1)}|A| \quad\text{and}\quad |\mathcal{L}| = O(K^\eta\log |A|). \end{equation*} We include an application of this result to a generalisation of the Roth--Meshulam theorem due to Liu and Spencer.

Randers metrics are a special class of Finsler metrics. Every Randers metric can be expressed in terms of a Riemannian metric and a vector field via Zermelo navigation. In this paper, we show that a Randers metric has constant scalar curvature if the Riemannian metric has constant scalar curvature and the vector field is homothetic.

In this paper, we study the spread of virus/worm in computer networks with a view to addressing cyber security problems. Epidemic models have been applied extensively to model the propagation of computer viruses, which characterize the fact that infected machines may spread malware to other hosts connected to the network. In our framework, the dynamics of hosts evolves according to a modified inhomogeneous Susceptible-Infectious-Susceptible (SIS) epidemic model with time-varying transmission rate and recovery rate. The infection of computers is subject to direct attack as well as propagation among hosts. Based on optimal control theory, optimal attack strategies are provided by minimizing the cost (equivalently maximizing the profit) of the attacker. We present a threshold function of the fraction of infectious hosts, which captures the dynamically evolving strategies of the attacker and reflects the persistence of virus spreading. Moreover, our results indicate that if the infectivity of a computer worm is low and the computers are installed with antivirus software with high reliability, the intensity of attacks incurred will likely be low. This agrees with our intuition.

In this paper we study several non-Riemannian quantities in Finsler geometry. These non-Riemannian quantities play an important role in understanding the geometric properties of Finsler metrics. In particular, we study a new non-Riemannian quantity defined by the S-curvature. We show some relationships among the flag curvature, the S-curvature, and the new non-Riemannian quantity.

We obtain nontrivial estimates of quadratic character sums of division polynomials $\Psi_n(P)$, $n=1,2, \dots$, evaluated at a given point $P$ on an elliptic curve over a finite field of $q$ elements. Our bounds are nontrivial if the order of $P$ is at least $q^{1/2 + \varepsilon}$ for some fixed $\varepsilon > 0$. This work is motivated by an open question about statistical indistinguishability of some cryptographically relevant sequences that was recently brought up by K. Lauter and the second author.

Müntz-Legendre polynomials $L_n(\Lambda;x)$ associated with a sequence $\Lambda=\{\lambda_k\}$ are obtained by orthogonalizing the system $(x^{\lambda_0}, x^{\lambda_1}, x^{\lambda_2}, \dots)$ in $L_2[0,1]$ with respect to the Legendre weight. If the $\lambda_k$'s are distinct, it is well known that $L_n(\Lambda;x)$ has exactly $n$ zeros $l_{n,n}\lt l_{n-1,n}\lt \cdots \lt l_{2,n}\lt l_{1,n}$ on $(0,1)$. First we prove the following global bound for the smallest zero, $$ \exp\biggl(-4\sum_{j=0}^n \frac{1}{2\lambda_j+1}\biggr) \lt l_{n,n}. $$ An important consequence is that if the associated Müntz space is non-dense in $L_2[0,1]$, then $$ \inf_{n}x_{n,n}\geq \exp\biggl({-4\sum_{j=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{2\lambda_j+1}}\biggr)\gt 0, $$ so the elements $L_n(\Lambda;x)$ have no zeros close to 0. Furthermore, we determine the asymptotic behavior of the largest zeros; for $k$ fixed, $$ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \vert \log l_{k,n}\vert \sum_{j=0}^n (2\lambda_j+1)= \Bigl(\frac{j_k}{2}\Bigr)^2, $$ where $j_k$ denotes the $k$-th zero of the Bessel function $J_0$.

In this paper, we give a different proof of the fact that the odd dimensional quantum spheres are groupoid $C^{*}$-algebras. We show that the $C^{*}$-algebra $C(S_{q}^{2\ell+1})$ is generated by an inverse semigroup $T$ of partial isometries. We show that the groupoid $\mathcal{G}_{tight}$ associated with the inverse semigroup $T$ by Exel is exactly the same as the groupoid considered by Sheu.

We give easy proofs that (a) the Continuum Hypothesis implies that if the product of $X$ with every Lindelöf space is Lindelöf, then $X$ is a $D$-space, and (b) Borel's Conjecture implies every Rothberger space is Hurewicz.

It was claimed by Halmos in 1944 that if $G$ is a Hausdorff locally compact topological abelian group and if the character group of $G$ is torsion free, then $G$ is divisible. We prove that such a claim is false by presenting a family of counterexamples. While other counterexamples are known, we also present a family of stronger counterexamples, showing that even if one assumes that the character group of $G$ is both torsion free and divisible, it does not follow that $G$ is divisible.

We show that any exceptional non-trivial Dehn surgery on a twist knot, except the trefoil, yields a $3$-manifold whose fundamental group is left-orderable. This is a generalization of a result of Clay, Lidman and Watson, and also gives a new supporting evidence for a conjecture of Boyer, Gordon and Watson.

We prove that a finitely generated group contains a sequence of non-trivial elements that converge to the identity in every compact homomorphic image if and only if the group is not virtually abelian. As a consequence of the methods used, we show that a finitely generated group satisfies Chu duality if and only if it is virtually abelian.

We provide a novel proof of the existence of regulator indecomposables in the cycle group $CH^2(X,1)$, where $X$ is a sufficiently general product of two elliptic curves. In particular, the nature of our proof provides an illustration of Beilinson rigidity.

Let $F$ be a local non-archimedean field of characteristic zero. We prove that a representation of $GL(n,F)$ obtained from irreducible parabolic induction of supercuspidal representations is distinguished by an orthogonal group only if the inducing data is distinguished by appropriate orthogonal groups. As a corollary, we get that an irreducible representation induced from supercuspidals that is distinguished by an orthogonal group is metic.

We prove that a connected, countable dense homogeneous space is $n$-homogeneous for every $n$, and strongly 2-homogeneous provided it is locally connected. We also present an example of a connected and countable dense homogeneous space which is not strongly 2-homogeneous. This answers Problem 136 of Watson in the Open Problems in Topology Book in the negative.

We show that the Schrödinger equation is a lift of Newton's third law of motion $\nabla^\mathcal W_{\dot \mu} \dot \mu = -\nabla^\mathcal W F(\mu)$ on the space of probability measures, where derivatives are taken with respect to the Wasserstein Riemannian metric. Here the potential $\mu \to F(\mu)$ is the sum of the total classical potential energy $\langle V,\mu\rangle$ of the extended system and its Fisher information $ \frac {\hbar^2} 8 \int |\nabla \ln \mu |^2 \,d\mu$. The precise relation is established via a well-known (Madelung) transform which is shown to be a symplectic submersion of the standard symplectic structure of complex valued functions into the canonical symplectic space over the Wasserstein space. All computations are conducted in the framework of Otto's formal Riemannian calculus for optimal transportation of probability measures.

In this paper we study left invariant Einstein-Randers metrics on compact Lie groups. First, we give a method to construct left invariant non-Riemannian Einstein-Randers metrics on a compact Lie group, using the Zermelo navigation data. Then we prove that this gives a complete classification of left invariant Einstein-Randers metrics on compact simple Lie groups with the underlying Riemannian metric naturally reductive. Further, we completely determine the identity component of the group of isometries for this type of metrics on simple groups. Finally, we study some geometric properties of such metrics. In particular, we give the formulae of geodesics and flag curvature of such metrics.

Using the Dadarlat isomorphism, we give a characterization for the Kasparov product of $C^*$-algebra extensions. A certain relation between $KK(A, \mathcal q(B))$ and $KK(A, \mathcal q(\mathcal k B))$ is also considered when $B$ is not stable and it is proved that $KK(A, \mathcal q(B))$ and $KK(A, \mathcal q(\mathcal k B))$ are not isomorphic in general.

Following ideas used by Drewnowski and Wilansky we prove that if $I$ is an infinite dimensional and infinite codimensional closed ideal in a complete metrizable locally solid Riesz space and $I$ does not contain any order copy of $\mathbb R^{\mathbb N}$ then there exists a closed, separable, discrete Riesz subspace $G$ such that the topology induced on $G$ is Lebesgue, $I \cap G = \{0\}$, and $I + G$ is not closed.

$L_p$ stability and exponential stability are two important concepts for nonlinear dynamic systems. In this paper, we prove that a nonlinear exponentially bounded Lipschitzian semigroup is exponentially stable if and only if the semigroup is $L_p$ stable for some $p>0$. Based on the equivalence, we derive two sufficient conditions for exponential stability of the nonlinear semigroup. The results obtained extend and improve some existing ones.

By exploring the relations among functional equations, harmonic analysis and representation theory, we give a unified and very accessible approach to solve three important functional equations - the d'Alembert equation, the Wilson equation, and the d'Alembert long equation - on compact groups.

Let $G$ be an infinite discrete group and let $\beta G$ be the Stone--Čech compactification of $G$. We take the points of $ėta G$ to be the ultrafilters on $G$, identifying the principal ultrafilters with the points of $G$. The set $U(G)$ of uniform ultrafilters on $G$ is a closed two-sided ideal of $\beta G$. For every $p\in U(G)$, define $I_p\subseteq\beta G$ by $I_p=\bigcap_{A\in p}\operatorname{cl} (GU(A))$, where $U(A)=\{p\in U(G):A\in p\}$. We show that if $|G|$ is a regular cardinal, then $\{I_p:p\in U(G)\}$ is the finest decomposition of $U(G)$ into closed left ideals of $\beta G$ such that the corresponding quotient space of $U(G)$ is Hausdorff.

In this paper, we give a new proof of the Onofri-type inequality \begin{equation*} \int_S e^{2u} \,ds^2 \leq 4\pi(\beta+1) \exp \biggl\{ \frac{1}{4\pi(\beta+1)} \int_S |\nabla u|^2 \,ds^2 + \frac{1}{2\pi(\beta+1)} \int_S u \,ds^2 \biggr\} \end{equation*} on the sphere $S$ with Gaussian curvature $1$ and with conical singularities divisor $\mathcal A = \beta\cdot p_1 + \beta \cdot p_2$ for $\beta\in (-1,0)$; here $p_1$ and $p_2$ are antipodal.

Under the assumption that $\mu$ is a nondoubling measure, we study certain commutators generated by the Lipschitz function and the Marcinkiewicz integral whose kernel satisfies a Hörmander-type condition. We establish the boundedness of these commutators on the Lebesgue spaces, Lipschitz spaces, and Hardy spaces. Our results are extensions of known theorems in the doubling case.