By exploring the relations among functional equations, harmonic analysis and representation theory, we give a unified and very accessible approach to solve three important functional equations - the d'Alembert equation, the Wilson equation, and the d'Alembert long equation - on compact groups.

In this paper, some criteria for the existence of positive solutions of a class of systems of impulsive dynamic equations on time scales are obtained by using a fixed point theorem in cones.

We investigate the solutions of refinement equations of the form $$ \phi(x)=\sum_{\alpha\in\mathbb Z^s}a(\alpha)\:\phi(Mx-\alpha), $$ where the function $\phi$ is in $L_p(\mathbb R^s)$$(1\le p\le\infty)$, $a$ is an infinitely supported sequence on $\mathbb Z^s$ called a refinement mask, and $M$ is an $s\times s$ integer matrix such that $\lim_{n\to\infty}M^{-n}=0$. Associated with the mask $a$ and $M$ is a linear operator $Q_{a,M}$ defined on $L_p(\mathbb R^s)$ by $Q_{a,M} \phi_0:=\sum_{\alpha\in\mathbb Z^s}a(\alpha)\phi_0(M\cdot-\alpha)$. Main results of this paper are related to the convergence rates of $(Q_{a,M}^n \phi_0)_{n=1,2,\dots}$ in $L_p(\mathbb R^s)$ with mask $a$ being infinitely supported. It is proved that under some appropriate conditions on the initial function $\phi_0$, $Q_{a,M}^n \phi_0$ converges in $L_p(\mathbb R^s)$ with an exponential rate.

Consider the second order superlinear dynamic equation \begin{equation*} (*)\qquad x^{\Delta\Delta}(t)+p(t)f(x(\sigma(t)))=0\tag{$*$} \end{equation*} where $p\in C(\mathbb{T},\mathbb{R})$, $\mathbb{T}$ is a time scale, $f\colon\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is continuously differentiable and satisfies $f'(x)>0$, and $xf(x)>0$ for $x\neq 0$. Furthermore, $f(x)$ also satisfies a superlinear condition, which includes the nonlinear function $f(x)=x^\alpha$ with $\alpha>1$, commonly known as the Emden--Fowler case. Here the coefficient function $p(t)$ is allowed to be negative for arbitrarily large values of $t$. In addition to extending the result of Kiguradze for \eqref{star1} in the real case $\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{R}$, we obtain analogues in the difference equation and $q$-difference equation cases.

This paper is devoted to the study of Wirtinger-type inequalities for the Lebesgue $\Delta$-integral on an arbitrary time scale $\T$. We prove a general inequality for a class of absolutely continuous functions on closed subintervals of an adequate subset of $\T$. By using this expression and by assuming that $\T$ is bounded, we deduce that a general inequality is valid for every absolutely continuous function on $\T$ such that its $\Delta$-derivative belongs to $L_\Delta^2([a,b)\cap\T)$ and at most it vanishes on the boundary of $\T$.

Let $G$ be a compact group. Let $\sigma$ be a continuous involution of $G$. In this paper, we are concerned by the following functional equation $$\int_{G}f(xtyt^{-1})\,dt+\int_{G}f(xt\sigma(y)t^{-1})\,dt=2g(x)h(y), \quad x, y \in G,$$ where $f, g, h \colonG \mapsto \mathbb{C}$, to be determined, are complex continuous functions on $G$ such that $f$ is central. This equation generalizes d'Alembert's and Wilson's functional equations. We show that the solutions are expressed by means of characters of irreducible, continuous and unitary representations of the group $G$.