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26. CMB 2010 (vol 53 pp. 757)

Woo, Alexander
 Interval Pattern Avoidance for Arbitrary Root Systems We extend the idea of interval pattern avoidance defined by Yong and the author for $S_n$ to arbitrary Weyl groups using the definition of pattern avoidance due to Billey and Braden, and Billey and Postnikov. We show that, as previously shown by Yong and the author for $\operatorname{GL}_n$, interval pattern avoidance is a universal tool for characterizing which Schubert varieties have certain local properties, and where these local properties hold. Categories:14M15, 05E15

27. CMB 2010 (vol 53 pp. 746)

Werner, Caryn
 On Surfaces with pg=0 and K2=5 We construct new examples of surfaces of general type with $p_g=0$ and $K^2=5$ as ${\mathbb Z}_2 \times {\mathbb Z}_2$-covers and show that they are genus three hyperelliptic fibrations with bicanonical map of degree two. Category:14J29

28. CMB 2009 (vol 53 pp. 171)

Thomas, Hugh; Yong, Alexander
 Multiplicity-Free Schubert Calculus Multiplicity-free algebraic geometry is the study of subvarieties $Y\subseteq X$ with the smallest invariants'' as witnessed by a multiplicity-free Chow ring decomposition of $[Y]\in A^{\star}(X)$ into a predetermined linear basis. This paper concerns the case of Richardson subvarieties of the Grassmannian in terms of the Schubert basis. We give a nonrecursive combinatorial classification of multiplicity-free Richardson varieties, i.e., we classify multiplicity-free products of Schubert classes. This answers a question of W. Fulton. Categories:14M15, 14M05, 05E99

29. CMB 2009 (vol 53 pp. 77)

Finston, David; Maubach, Stefan
 Constructing (Almost) Rigid Rings and a UFD Having Infinitely Generated Derksen and Makar-Limanov Invariants An example is given of a UFD which has an infinitely generated Derksen invariant. The ring is "almost rigid" meaning that the Derksen invariant is equal to the Makar-Limanov invariant. Techniques to show that a ring is (almost) rigid are discussed, among which is a generalization of Mason's abc-theorem. Categories:14R20, 13A50, 13N15

30. CMB 2009 (vol 53 pp. 247)

Etingof, P.; Malcolmson, P.; Okoh, F.
 Root Extensions and Factorization in Affine Domains An integral domain R is IDPF (Irreducible Divisors of Powers Finite) if, for every non-zero element a in R, the ascending chain of non-associate irreducible divisors in R of $a^{n}$ stabilizes on a finite set as n ranges over the positive integers, while R is atomic if every non-zero element that is not a unit is a product of a finite number of irreducible elements (atoms). A ring extension S of R is a \emph{root extension} or \emph{radical extension} if for each s in S, there exists a natural number $n(s)$ with $s^{n(s)}$ in R. In this paper it is shown that the ascent and descent of the IDPF property and atomicity for the pair of integral domains $(R,S)$ is governed by the relative sizes of the unit groups $\operatorname{U}(R)$ and $\operatorname{U}(S)$ and whether S is a root extension of R. The following results are deduced from these considerations. An atomic IDPF domain containing a field of characteristic zero is completely integrally closed. An affine domain over a field of characteristic zero is IDPF if and only if it is completely integrally closed. Let R be a Noetherian domain with integral closure S. Suppose the conductor of S into R is non-zero. Then R is IDPF if and only if S is a root extension of R and $\operatorname{U}(S)/\operatorname{U}(R)$ is finite. Categories:13F15, 14A25

31. CMB 2009 (vol 53 pp. 58)

Dąbrowski, Andrzej; Jędrzejak, Tomasz
 Ranks in Families of Jacobian Varieties of Twisted Fermat Curves In this paper, we prove that the unboundedness of ranks in families of Jacobian varieties of twisted Fermat curves is equivalent to the divergence of certain infinite series. Keywords:Fermat curve, Jacobian variety, elliptic curve, canonical heightCategories:11G10, 11G05, 11G50, 14G05, 11G30, 14H45, 14K15

32. CMB 2009 (vol 53 pp. 218)

Biswas, Indranil
 Restriction of the Tangent Bundle of $G/P$ to a Hypersurface Let P be a maximal proper parabolic subgroup of a connected simple linear algebraic group G, defined over $\mathbb C$, such that $n := \dim_{\mathbb C} G/P \geq 4$. Let $\iota \colon Z \hookrightarrow G/P$ be a reduced smooth hypersurface of degree at least $(n-1)\cdot \operatorname{degree}(T(G/P))/n$. We prove that the restriction of the tangent bundle $\iota^*TG/P$ is semistable. Keywords:tangent bundle, homogeneous space, semistability, hypersurfaceCategories:14F05, 14J60, 14M15

33. CMB 2009 (vol 52 pp. 535)

Daigle, Daniel; Kaliman, Shulim
 A Note on Locally Nilpotent Derivations\\ and Variables of $k[X,Y,Z]$ We strengthen certain results concerning actions of $(\Comp,+)$ on $\Comp^{3}$ and embeddings of $\Comp^{2}$ in $\Comp^{3}$, and show that these results are in fact valid over any field of characteristic zero. Keywords:locally nilpotent derivations, group actions, polynomial automorphisms, variable, affine spaceCategories:14R10, 14R20, 14R25, 13N15

34. CMB 2009 (vol 52 pp. 493)

Artebani, Michela
 A One-Dimensional Family of $K3$ Surfaces with a $\Z_4$ Action The minimal resolution of the degree four cyclic cover of the plane branched along a GIT stable quartic is a $K3$ surface with a non symplectic action of $\Z_4$. In this paper we study the geometry of the one-dimensional family of $K3$ surfaces associated to the locus of plane quartics with five nodes. Keywords:genus three curves, $K3$ surfacesCategories:14J28, 14J50, 14J10

35. CMB 2009 (vol 52 pp. 161)

Arcara, D.; Lee, Y.-P.
 A New Tautological Relation in $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{3,1}$ via the Invariance Constraint A new tautological relation of $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{3,1}$ in codimension 3 is derived and proved, using an invariance constraint from our previous work. Category:14H10

36. CMB 2009 (vol 52 pp. 224)

Ghiloni, Riccardo
 Equations and Complexity for the Dubois--Efroymson Dimension Theorem Let $\R$ be a real closed field, let $X \subset \R^n$ be an irreducible real algebraic set and let $Z$ be an algebraic subset of $X$ of codimension $\geq 2$. Dubois and Efroymson proved the existence of an irreducible algebraic subset of $X$ of codimension $1$ containing~$Z$. We improve this dimension theorem as follows. Indicate by $\mu$ the minimum integer such that the ideal of polynomials in $\R[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ vanishing on $Z$ can be generated by polynomials of degree $\leq \mu$. We prove the following two results: \begin{inparaenum}[\rm(1)] \item There exists a polynomial $P \in \R[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ of degree~$\leq \mu+1$ such that $X \cap P^{-1}(0)$ is an irreducible algebraic subset of $X$ of codimension $1$ containing~$Z$. \item Let $F$ be a polynomial in $\R[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ of degree~$d$ vanishing on $Z$. Suppose there exists a nonsingular point $x$ of $X$ such that $F(x)=0$ and the differential at $x$ of the restriction of $F$ to $X$ is nonzero. Then there exists a polynomial $G \in \R[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ of degree $\leq \max\{d,\mu+1\}$ such that, for each $t \in (-1,1) \setminus \{0\}$, the set $\{x \in X \mid F(x)+tG(x)=0\}$ is an irreducible algebraic subset of $X$ of codimension $1$ containing~$Z$. \end{inparaenum} Result (1) and a slightly different version of result~(2) are valid over any algebraically closed field also. Keywords:Irreducible algebraic subvarieties, complexity of algebraic varieties, Bertini's theoremsCategories:14P05, 14P20

37. CMB 2009 (vol 52 pp. 200)

Gatto, Letterio; Santiago, Ta\'\i se
 Schubert Calculus on a Grassmann Algebra The ({\em classical}, {\em small quantum}, {\em equivariant}) cohomology ring of the grassmannian $G(k,n)$ is generated by certain derivations operating on an exterior algebra of a free module of rank $n$ ( Schubert calculus on a Grassmann algebra). Our main result gives, in a unified way, a presentation of all such cohomology rings in terms of generators and relations. Using results of Laksov and Thorup, it also provides a presentation of the universal factorization algebra of a monic polynomial of degree $n$ into the product of two monic polynomials, one of degree $k$. Categories:14N15, 14M15

38. CMB 2009 (vol 52 pp. 175)

Biswas, Indranil
 Connections on a Parabolic Principal Bundle, II In \emph{Connections on a parabolic principal bundle over a curve, I} we defined connections on a parabolic principal bundle. While connections on usual principal bundles are defined as splittings of the Atiyah exact sequence, it was noted in the above article that the Atiyah exact sequence does not generalize to the parabolic principal bundles. Here we show that a twisted version of the Atiyah exact sequence generalizes to the context of parabolic principal bundles. For usual principal bundles, giving a splitting of this twisted Atiyah exact sequence is equivalent to giving a splitting of the Atiyah exact sequence. Connections on a parabolic principal bundle can be defined using the generalization of the twisted Atiyah exact sequence. Keywords:Parabolic bundle, Atiyah exact sequence, connectionCategories:32L05, 14F05

39. CMB 2009 (vol 52 pp. 39)

Cimpri\v{c}, Jakob
 A Representation Theorem for Archimedean Quadratic Modules on $*$-Rings We present a new approach to noncommutative real algebraic geometry based on the representation theory of $C^\ast$-algebras. An important result in commutative real algebraic geometry is Jacobi's representation theorem for archimedean quadratic modules on commutative rings. We show that this theorem is a consequence of the Gelfand--Naimark representation theorem for commutative $C^\ast$-algebras. A noncommutative version of Gelfand--Naimark theory was studied by I. Fujimoto. We use his results to generalize Jacobi's theorem to associative rings with involution. Keywords:Ordered rings with involution, $C^\ast$-algebras and their representations, noncommutative convexity theory, real algebraic geometryCategories:16W80, 46L05, 46L89, 14P99

40. CMB 2009 (vol 52 pp. 117)

Poulakis, Dimitrios
 On the Rational Points of the Curve $f(X,Y)^q = h(X)g(X,Y)$ Let $q = 2,3$ and $f(X,Y)$, $g(X,Y)$, $h(X)$ be polynomials with integer coefficients. In this paper we deal with the curve $f(X,Y)^q = h(X)g(X,Y)$, and we show that under some favourable conditions it is possible to determine all of its rational points. Categories:11G30, 14G05, 14G25

41. CMB 2008 (vol 51 pp. 519)

Coskun, Izzet; Harris, Joe; Starr, Jason
 The Effective Cone of the Kontsevich Moduli Space In this paper we prove that the cone of effective divisors on the Kontsevich moduli spaces of stable maps, $\Kgnb{0,0}(\PP^r,d)$, stabilize when $r \geq d$. We give a complete characterization of the effective divisors on $\Kgnb{0,0}(\PP^d,d)$. They are non-negative linear combinations of boundary divisors and the divisor of maps with degenerate image. Categories:14D20, 14E99, 14H10

42. CMB 2008 (vol 51 pp. 283)

Ravindra, G. V.
 The Noether--Lefschetz Theorem Via Vanishing of Coherent Cohomology We prove that for a generic hypersurface in $\mathbb P^{2n+1}$ of degree at least $2+2/n$, the $n$-th Picard number is one. The proof is algebraic in nature and follows from certain coherent cohomology vanishing. Keywords:Noether--Lefschetz, algebraic cycles, Picard numberCategories:14C15, 14C25

43. CMB 2008 (vol 51 pp. 125)

Polo-Blanco, Irene; Top, Jaap
 Explicit Real Cubic Surfaces The topological classification of smooth real cubic surfaces is recalled and compared to the classification in terms of the number of real lines and of real tritangent planes, as obtained by L.~Schl\"afli in 1858. Using this, explicit examples of surfaces of every possible type are given. Categories:14J25, 14J80, 14P25, 14Q10

44. CMB 2008 (vol 51 pp. 114)

Petrov, V.; Semenov, N.; Zainoulline, K.
 Zero Cycles on a Twisted Cayley Plane Let $k$ be a field of characteristic not $2,3$. Let $G$ be an exceptional simple algebraic group over $k$ of type $\F$, $^1{\E_6}$ or $\E_7$ with trivial Tits algebras. Let $X$ be a projective $G$-homogeneous variety. If $G$ is of type $\E_7$, we assume in addition that the respective parabolic subgroup is of type $P_7$. The main result of the paper says that the degree map on the group of zero cycles of $X$ is injective. Categories:20G15, 14C15

45. CMB 2007 (vol 50 pp. 567)

Joshi, Kirti
 Exotic Torsion, Frobenius Splitting and the Slope Spectral Sequence In this paper we show that any Frobenius split, smooth, projective threefold over a perfect field of characteristic $p>0$ is Hodge--Witt. This is proved by generalizing to the case of threefolds a well-known criterion due to N.~Nygaard for surfaces to be Hodge-Witt. We also show that the second crystalline cohomology of any smooth, projective Frobenius split variety does not have any exotic torsion. In the last two sections we include some applications. Keywords:threefolds, Frobenius splitting, Hodge--Witt, crystalline cohomology, slope spectral sequence, exotic torsionCategories:14F30, 14J30

46. CMB 2007 (vol 50 pp. 486)

Cynk, S.; Hulek, K.
 Higher-Dimensional Modular\\Calabi--Yau Manifolds We construct several examples of higher-dimensional Calabi--Yau manifolds and prove their modularity. Categories:14G10, 14J32, 11G40

47. CMB 2007 (vol 50 pp. 427)

Mejía, Israel Moreno
 On the Image of Certain Extension Maps.~I Let $X$ be a smooth complex projective curve of genus $g\geq 1$. Let $\xi\in J^1(X)$ be a line bundle on $X$ of degree $1$. Let $W=\Ext^1(\xi^n,\xi^{-1})$ be the space of extensions of $\xi^n$ by $\xi^{-1}$. There is a rational map $D_{\xi}\colon G(n,W)\rightarrow SU_{X}(n+1)$, where $G(n,W)$ is the Grassmannian variety of $n$-linear subspaces of $W$ and $\SU_{X}(n+1)$ is the moduli space of rank $n+1$ semi-stable vector bundles on $X$ with trivial determinant. We prove that if $n=2$, then $D_{\xi}$ is everywhere defined and is injective. Categories:14H60, 14F05, 14D20

48. CMB 2007 (vol 50 pp. 196)

Fernández, Julio; González, Josep; Lario, Joan-C.
 Plane Quartic Twists of $X(5,3)$ Given an odd surjective Galois representation $\varrho\from \G_\Q\to\PGL_2(\F_3)$ and a positive integer~$N$, there exists a twisted modular curve $X(N,3)_\varrho$ defined over $\Q$ whose rational points classify the quadratic $\Q$-curves of degree $N$ realizing~$\varrho$. This paper gives a method to provide an explicit plane quartic model for this curve in the genus-three case $N=5$. Categories:11F03, 11F80, 14G05

49. CMB 2007 (vol 50 pp. 243)

Langlands, Robert P.
 Un nouveau point de repÃ¨re dans la thÃ©orie des formes automorphes Dans le papier Beyond Endoscopy une id\'ee pour entamer la fonctorialit\'e en utilisant la formule des traces a \'et\'e introduite. Maints probl\`emes, l'existence d'une limite convenable de la formule des traces, est eqquiss\'ee dans cette note informelle mais seulement pour $GL(2)$ et les corps des fonctions rationelles sur un corps fini et en ne pas resolvant bon nombre de questions. Categories:32N10, 14xx

50. CMB 2007 (vol 50 pp. 215)

Kloosterman, Remke
 Elliptic $K3$ Surfaces with Geometric Mordell--Weil Rank $15$ We prove that the elliptic surface $y^2=x^3+2(t^8+14t^4+1)x+4t^2(t^8+6t^4+1)$ has geometric Mordell--Weil rank $15$. This completes a list of Kuwata, who gave explicit examples of elliptic $K3$-surfaces with geometric Mordell--Weil ranks $0,1,\dots, 14, 16, 17, 18$. Categories:14J27, 14J28, 11G05
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