Resum\'e. On caract\'erise les corps $K$ satisfaisant le th\'eor\`eme de l'axe principal \`a l'aide de propri\'et\'es des formes carac\-t\'erisation de ces m\^emes corps due \`a Waterhouse, on retrouve \`a partir de l\`a, de fa\c{c}on \'el\'ementaire, un r\'esultat de Becker selon lequel un pro-$2$-groupe qui se r\'ealise comme groupe de Galois absolu d'un tel corps $K$ est engendr\'e par des involutions. ABSTRACT. We characterize general fields $K$, satisfying the Principal Axis Theorem, by means of properties of trace forms of the finite extensions of $K$. From this and Waterhouse's characterization of the same fields, we rediscover, in quite an elementary way, a result of Becker according to which a pro-$2$-group which occurs as the absolute Galois group of such a field $K$, is generated by