For $S\subseteq\mathbb R^n$ a set $C\subseteq S$ is an $m$-clique if the convex hull of no $m$-element subset of $C$ is contained in $S$. We show that there is essentially just one way to construct a closed set $S\subseteq\mathbb R^2$ without an uncountable $3$-clique that is not the union of countably many convex sets. In particular, all such sets have the same convexity number; that is, they require the same number of convex subsets to cover them. The main result follows from an analysis of the convex structure of closed sets in $\mathbb R^2$ without uncountable 3-cliques in terms of clopen, $P_4$-free graphs on Polish spaces.

It is a well-known fact, that the greatest ambit for a topological group $G$ is the Samuel compactification of $G$ with respect to the right uniformity on $G.$ We apply the original description by Samuel from 1948 to give a simple computation of the universal minimal flow for groups of automorphisms of uncountable structures using Fraïssé theory and Ramsey theory. This work generalizes some of the known results about countable structures.

Ziegler's Indecomposability Criterion is used to prove that a totally transcendental, i.e., $\Sigma$-pure injective, indecomposable left module over a left noetherian ring is a directed union of finitely generated indecomposable modules. The same criterion is also used to give a sufficient condition for a pure injective indecomposable module ${_R}U$ to have an indecomposable local dual $U_R^{\sharp}.$

In 1968, Galvin conjectured that an uncountable poset $P$ is the union of countably many chains if and only if this is true for every subposet $Q \subseteq P$ with size $\aleph_1$. In 1981, Rado formulated a similar conjecture that an uncountable interval graph $G$ is countably chromatic if and only if this is true for every induced subgraph $H \subseteq G$ with size $\aleph_1$. Todorčević has shown that Rado's Conjecture is consistent relative to the existence of a supercompact cardinal, while the consistency of Galvin's Conjecture remains open. In this paper, we survey and collect a variety of results related to these two conjectures. We also show that the extension of Rado's conjecture to the class of all chordal graphs is relatively consistent with the existence of a supercompact cardinal.

We give easy proofs that (a) the Continuum Hypothesis implies that if the product of $X$ with every Lindelöf space is Lindelöf, then $X$ is a $D$-space, and (b) Borel's Conjecture implies every Rothberger space is Hurewicz.

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity, and let $M$ be a unitary module over $R$. We call $M$ H-smaller (HS for short) if and only if $M$ is infinite and $|M/N|<|M|$ for every nonzero submodule $N$ of $M$. After a brief introduction, we show that there exist nontrivial examples of HS modules of arbitrarily large cardinality over Noetherian and non-Noetherian domains. We then prove the following result: suppose $M$ is faithful over $R$, $R$ is a domain (we will show that we can restrict to this case without loss of generality), and $K$ is the quotient field of $R$. If $M$ is HS over $R$, then $R$ is HS as a module over itself, $R\subseteq M\subseteq K$, and there exists a generating set $S$ for $M$ over $R$ with $|S|<|R|$. We use this result to generalize a problem posed by Kaplansky and conclude the paper by answering an open question on Jónsson modules.

It is shown that it follows from PFA that there is no compact scattered space of height greater than $\omega$ in which the sequential order and the scattering heights coincide.

We extend the scope of B. Shapirovskii's results on the order of $\pi$-bases in compact spaces and answer some questions of V. Tkachuk.

We show that for every separable Banach space $X$, either $\mathrm{SP_w}(X)$ (the set of all spreading models of $X$ generated by weakly-null sequences in $X$, modulo equivalence) is countable, or $\mathrm{SP_w}(X)$ contains an antichain of the size of the continuum. This answers a question of S.~J. Dilworth, E. Odell, and B. Sari.

Dealing with the cardinal invariants ${\mathfrak p}$ and ${\mathfrak t}$ of the continuum, we prove that ${\mathfrak m}={\mathfrak p} = \aleph_2\ \Rightarrow\ {\mathfrak t} =\aleph_2$. In other words, if ${\bf MA}_{\aleph_1}$ (or a weak version of this) holds, then (of course $\aleph_2\le {\mathfrak p}\le {\mathfrak t}$ and) ${\mathfrak p}=\aleph_2\ \Rightarrow\ {\mathfrak p}={\mathfrak t}$. The proof is based on a criterion for ${\mathfrak p}<{\mathfrak t}$.

We prove in ZFC that if $\cf(\lambda)>\aleph_0$ and $2^{\cf (\lambda)}<\lambda$, then $\lambda \rightarrow (\lambda,\omega+1)^2$.

We show that limits of CS iterations of the $n$-Silver forcing notion have the $n$-localization property.

We use the mutually stationary sets of Foreman and Magidor as a tool to establish the validity of the two-cardinal version of the diamond principle in some special cases.

It is shown that Schatten $p$-classes of operators between Hilbert spaces of different (infinite) dimensions have ultrapowers which are (completely) isometric to non-commutative $L_p$-spaces. On the other hand, these Schatten classes are not themselves isomorphic to non-commutative $L_p$ spaces. As a consequence, the class of non-commutative $L_p$-spaces is not axiomatizable in the first-order language developed by Henson and Iovino for normed space structures, neither in the signature of Banach spaces, nor in that of operator spaces. Other examples of the same phenomenon are presented that belong to the class of corners of non-commutative $L_p$-spaces. For $p=1$ this last class, which is the same as the class of preduals of ternary rings of operators, is itself axiomatizable in the signature of operator spaces.

We show that the set of values of an additive polynomial in several variables with arguments in a formal Laurent series field over a finite field has the optimal approximation property: every element in the field has a (not necessarily unique) closest approximation in this set of values. The approximation is with respect to the canonical valuation on the field. This property is elementary in the language of valued rings.

A binary structure $S$ has the pigeonhole property ($\mathcal{P}$) if every finite partition of $S$ induces a block isomorphic to $S$. We classify all countable tournaments with ($\mathcal{P}$); the class of orders with ($\mathcal{P}$) is completely classified.

A $Q$-set is a set of reals every subset of which is a relative $G_\delta$. We investigate the combinatorics of $Q$-sets and discuss a question of Miller and Zhou on the size $\qq$ of the smallest set of reals which is not a $Q$-set. We show in particular that various natural lower bounds for $\qq$ are consistently strictly smaller than $\qq$.