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Search: All articles in the CMB digital archive with keyword semigroups

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1. CMB Online first

Preda, Ciprian
 On the roughness of quasinilpotency property of oneâparameter semigroups Let $\mathbf{S}:=\{S(t)\}_{t\geq0}$ be a C$_0$-semigroup of quasinilpotent operators (i.e. $\sigma(S(t))=\{0\}$ for each $t\gt 0$). In the dynamical systems theory the above quasinilpotency property is equivalent to a very strong concept of stability for the solutions of autonomous systems. This concept is frequently called superstability and weakens the classical finite time extinction property (roughly speaking, disappearing solutions). We show that under some assumptions, the quasinilpotency, or equivalently, the superstability property of a C$_0$-semigroup is preserved under the perturbations of its infinitesimal generator. Keywords:one-parameter semigroups, quasinilpotency, superstability, essential spectrumCategories:34D05, 34D10, 34E10

2. CMB 2015 (vol 58 pp. 497)

Edmunds, Charles C.
 Constructing Double Magma on Groups Using Commutation Operations A magma $(M,\star)$ is a nonempty set with a binary operation. A double magma $(M, \star, \bullet)$ is a nonempty set with two binary operations satisfying the interchange law, $(w \star x) \bullet (y\star z)=(w\bullet y)\star(x \bullet z)$. We call a double magma proper if the two operations are distinct and commutative if the operations are commutative. A double semigroup, first introduced by Kock, is a double magma for which both operations are associative. Given a non-trivial group $G$ we define a system of two magma $(G,\star,\bullet)$ using the commutator operations $x \star y = [x,y](=x^{-1}y^{-1}xy)$ and $x\bullet y = [y,x]$. We show that $(G,\star,\bullet)$ is a double magma if and only if $G$ satisfies the commutator laws $[x,y;x,z]=1$ and $[w,x;y,z]^{2}=1$. We note that the first law defines the class of 3-metabelian groups. If both these laws hold in $G$, the double magma is proper if and only if there exist $x_0,y_0 \in G$ for which $[x_0,y_0]^2 \not= 1$. This double magma is a double semigroup if and only if $G$ is nilpotent of class two. We construct a specific example of a proper double semigroup based on the dihedral group of order 16. In addition we comment on a similar construction for rings using Lie commutators. Keywords:double magma, double semigroups, 3-metabelianCategories:20E10, 20M99

3. CMB 2012 (vol 57 pp. 289)

Ghasemi, Mehdi; Marshall, Murray; Wagner, Sven
 Closure of the Cone of Sums of $2d$-powers in Certain Weighted $\ell_1$-seminorm Topologies In a paper from 1976, Berg, Christensen and Ressel prove that the closure of the cone of sums of squares $\sum \mathbb{R}[\underline{X}]^2$ in the polynomial ring $\mathbb{R}[\underline{X}] := \mathbb{R}[X_1,\dots,X_n]$ in the topology induced by the $\ell_1$-norm is equal to $\operatorname{Pos}([-1,1]^n)$, the cone consisting of all polynomials which are non-negative on the hypercube $[-1,1]^n$. The result is deduced as a corollary of a general result, established in the same paper, which is valid for any commutative semigroup. In later work, Berg and Maserick and Berg, Christensen and Ressel establish an even more general result, for a commutative semigroup with involution, for the closure of the cone of sums of squares of symmetric elements in the weighted $\ell_1$-seminorm topology associated to an absolute value. In the present paper we give a new proof of these results which is based on Jacobi's representation theorem from 2001. At the same time, we use Jacobi's representation theorem to extend these results from sums of squares to sums of $2d$-powers, proving, in particular, that for any integer $d\ge 1$, the closure of the cone of sums of $2d$-powers $\sum \mathbb{R}[\underline{X}]^{2d}$ in $\mathbb{R}[\underline{X}]$ in the topology induced by the $\ell_1$-norm is equal to $\operatorname{Pos}([-1,1]^n)$. Keywords:positive definite, moments, sums of squares, involutive semigroupsCategories:43A35, 44A60, 13J25

4. CMB 2012 (vol 56 pp. 630)

Sundar, S.
 Inverse Semigroups and Sheu's Groupoid for the Odd Dimensional Quantum Spheres In this paper, we give a different proof of the fact that the odd dimensional quantum spheres are groupoid $C^{*}$-algebras. We show that the $C^{*}$-algebra $C(S_{q}^{2\ell+1})$ is generated by an inverse semigroup $T$ of partial isometries. We show that the groupoid $\mathcal{G}_{tight}$ associated with the inverse semigroup $T$ by Exel is exactly the same as the groupoid considered by Sheu. Keywords:inverse semigroups, groupoids, odd dimensional quantum spheresCategories:46L99, 20M18

5. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 229)

Arvanitidis, Athanasios G.; Siskakis, Aristomenis G.
 CesÃ ro Operators on the Hardy Spaces of the Half-Plane In this article we study the CesÃ ro operator $$\mathcal{C}(f)(z)=\frac{1}{z}\int_{0}^{z}f(\zeta)\,d\zeta,$$ and its companion operator $\mathcal{T}$ on Hardy spaces of the upper half plane. We identify $\mathcal{C}$ and $\mathcal{T}$ as resolvents for appropriate semigroups of composition operators and we find the norm and the spectrum in each case. The relation of $\mathcal{C}$ and $\mathcal{T}$ with the corresponding Ces\`{a}ro operators on Lebesgue spaces $L^p(\mathbb R)$ of the boundary line is also discussed. Keywords:CesÃ ro operators, Hardy spaces, semigroups, composition operatorsCategories:47B38, 30H10, 47D03

6. CMB 2011 (vol 55 pp. 882)

Xueli, Song; Jigen, Peng
 Equivalence of $L_p$ Stability and Exponential Stability of Nonlinear Lipschitzian Semigroups $L_p$ stability and exponential stability are two important concepts for nonlinear dynamic systems. In this paper, we prove that a nonlinear exponentially bounded Lipschitzian semigroup is exponentially stable if and only if the semigroup is $L_p$ stable for some $p>0$. Based on the equivalence, we derive two sufficient conditions for exponential stability of the nonlinear semigroup. The results obtained extend and improve some existing ones. Keywords:exponentially stable, $L_p$ stable, nonlinear Lipschitzian semigroupsCategories:34D05, 47H20

7. CMB 2006 (vol 49 pp. 371)

Floricel, Remus
 Inner $E_0$-Semigroups on Infinite Factors This paper is concerned with the structure of inner $E_0$-semigroups. We show that any inner $E_0$-semigroup acting on an infinite factor $M$ is completely determined by a continuous tensor product system of Hilbert spaces in $M$ and that the product system associated with an inner $E_0$-semigroup is a complete cocycle conjugacy invariant. Keywords:von Neumann algebras, semigroups of endomorphisms, product systems, cocycle conjugacyCategories:46L40, 46L55

8. CMB 2004 (vol 47 pp. 343)

Drensky, Vesselin; Hammoudi, Lakhdar
 Combinatorics of Words and Semigroup Algebras Which Are Sums of Locally Nilpotent Subalgebras We construct new examples of non-nil algebras with any number of generators, which are direct sums of two locally nilpotent subalgebras. Like all previously known examples, our examples are contracted semigroup algebras and the underlying semigroups are unions of locally nilpotent subsemigroups. In our constructions we make more transparent than in the past the close relationship between the considered problem and combinatorics of words. Keywords:locally nilpotent rings,, nil rings, locally nilpotent semigroups,, semigroup algebras, monomial algebras, infinite wordsCategories:16N40, 16S15, 20M05, 20M25, 68R15
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