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1. CMB Online first

Benamar, H.; Chandoul, A.; Mkaouar, M.
 On the continued fraction expansion of fixed period in finite fields The Chowla conjecture states that, if $t$ is any given positive integer, there are infinitely many prime positive integers $N$ such that $\operatorname{Per} (\sqrt{N})=t$, where $\operatorname{Per} (\sqrt{N})$ is the period length of the continued fraction expansion for $\sqrt{N}$. C. Friesen proved that, for any $k\in \mathbb{N}$, there are infinitely many square-free integers $N$, where the continued fraction expansion of $\sqrt{N}$ has a fixed period. In this paper, we describe all polynomials $Q\in \mathbb{F}_q[X]$ for which the continued fraction expansion of $\sqrt {Q}$ has a fixed period, also we give a lower bound of the number of monic, non-squares polynomials $Q$ such that $\deg Q= 2d$ and $Per \sqrt {Q}=t$. Keywords:continued fractions, polynomials, formal power seriesCategories:11A55, 13J05

2. CMB Online first

Llibre, Jaume; Zhang, Xiang
 On the limit cycles of linear differential systems with homogeneous nonlinearities We consider the class of polynomial differential systems of the form $\dot x= \lambda x-y+P_n(x,y)$, $\dot y=x+\lambda y+ Q_n(x,y),$ where $P_n$ and $Q_n$ are homogeneous polynomials of degree $n$. For this class of differential systems we summarize the known results for the existence of limit cycles, and we provide new results for their nonexistence and existence. Keywords:polynomial differential system, limit cycles, differential equations on the cylinderCategories:34C35, 34D30

3. CMB Online first

Zaatra, Mohamed
 Generating some symmetric semi-classical orthogonal polynomials We show that if $v$ is a regular semi-classical form (linear functional), then the symmetric form $u$ defined by the relation $x^{2}\sigma u = -\lambda v$, where $(\sigma f)(x)=f(x^{2})$ and the odd moments of $u$ are $0$, is also regular and semi-classical form for every complex $\lambda$ except for a discrete set of numbers depending on $v$. We give explicitly the three-term recurrence relation and the structure relation coefficients of the orthogonal polynomials sequence associated with $u$ and the class of the form $u$ knowing that of $v$. We conclude with an illustrative example. Keywords:orthogonal polynomials, quadratic decomposition, semi-classical forms, structure relationCategories:33C45, 42C05

4. CMB Online first

MacColl, Joseph
 Rotors in Khovanov Homology Anstee, Przytycki, and Rolfsen introduced the idea of rotants, pairs of links related by a generalised form of link mutation. We exhibit infinitely many pairs of rotants which can be distinguished by Khovanov homology, but not by the Jones polynomial. Keywords:geometric topology, knot theory, rotants, khovanov homology, jones polynomialCategories:57M27, 57M25

5. CMB 2015 (vol 58 pp. 423)

Yamagishi, Masakazu
 Resultants of Chebyshev Polynomials: The First, Second, Third, and Fourth Kinds We give an explicit formula for the resultant of Chebyshev polynomials of the first, second, third, and fourth kinds. We also compute the resultant of modified cyclotomic polynomials. Keywords:resultant, Chebyshev polynomial, cyclotomic polynomialCategories:11R09, 11R18, 12E10, 33C45

6. CMB 2015 (vol 58 pp. 225)

Aghigh, Kamal; Nikseresht, Azadeh
 Characterizing Distinguished Pairs by Using Liftings of Irreducible Polynomials Let $v$ be a henselian valuation of any rank of a field $K$ and $\overline{v}$ be the unique extension of $v$ to a fixed algebraic closure $\overline{K}$ of $K$. In 2005, it was studied properties of those pairs $(\theta,\alpha)$ of elements of $\overline{K}$ with $[K(\theta): K]\gt [K(\alpha): K]$ where $\alpha$ is an element of smallest degree over $K$ such that $$\overline{v}(\theta-\alpha)=\sup\{\overline{v}(\theta-\beta) |\ \beta\in \overline{K}, \ [K(\beta): K]\lt [K(\theta): K]\}.$$ Such pairs are referred to as distinguished pairs. We use the concept of liftings of irreducible polynomials to give a different characterization of distinguished pairs. Keywords:valued fields, non-Archimedean valued fields, irreducible polynomialsCategories:12J10, 12J25, 12E05

7. CMB 2014 (vol 57 pp. 609)

Nasr-Isfahani, Alireza
 Jacobson Radicals of Skew Polynomial Rings of Derivation Type We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a skew polynomial ring of derivation type to be semiprimitive, when the base ring has no nonzero nil ideals. This extends existing results on the Jacobson radical of skew polynomial rings of derivation type. Keywords:skew polynomial rings, Jacobson radical, derivationCategories:16S36, 16N20

8. CMB 2014 (vol 57 pp. 538)

Ide, Joshua; Jones, Lenny
 Infinite Families of $A_4$-Sextic Polynomials In this article we develop a test to determine whether a sextic polynomial that is irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$ has Galois group isomorphic to the alternating group $A_4$. This test does not involve the computation of resolvents, and we use this test to construct several infinite families of such polynomials. Keywords:Galois group, sextic polynomial, inverse Galois theory, irreducible polynomialCategories:12F10, 12F12, 11R32, 11R09

9. CMB 2012 (vol 56 pp. 759)

Issa, Zahraa; Lalín, Matilde
 A Generalization of a Theorem of Boyd and Lawton The Mahler measure of a nonzero $n$-variable polynomial $P$ is the integral of $\log|P|$ on the unit $n$-torus. A result of Boyd and Lawton says that the Mahler measure of a multivariate polynomial is the limit of Mahler measures of univariate polynomials. We prove the analogous result for different extensions of Mahler measure such as generalized Mahler measure (integrating the maximum of $\log|P|$ for possibly different $P$'s), multiple Mahler measure (involving products of $\log|P|$ for possibly different $P$'s), and higher Mahler measure (involving $\log^k|P|$). Keywords:Mahler measure, polynomialCategories:11R06, 11R09

10. CMB 2012 (vol 56 pp. 844)

Shparlinski, Igor E.
 On the Average Number of Square-Free Values of Polynomials We obtain an asymptotic formula for the number of square-free integers in $N$ consecutive values of polynomials on average over integral polynomials of degree at most $k$ and of height at most $H$, where $H \ge N^{k-1+\varepsilon}$ for some fixed $\varepsilon\gt 0$. Individual results of this kind for polynomials of degree $k \gt 3$, due to A. Granville (1998), are only known under the $ABC$-conjecture. Keywords:polynomials, square-free numbersCategory:11N32

11. CMB 2012 (vol 56 pp. 602)

Louboutin, Stéphane R.
 Resultants of Chebyshev Polynomials: A Short Proof We give a simple proof of the value of the resultant of two Chebyshev polynomials (of the first or the second kind), values lately obtained by D. P. Jacobs, M. O. Rayes and V. Trevisan. Keywords:resultant, Chebyshev polynomials, cyclotomic polynomialsCategories:11R09, 11R04

12. CMB 2012 (vol 56 pp. 769)

Lahiri, Indrajit; Kaish, Imrul
 A Non-zero Value Shared by an Entire Function and its Linear Differential Polynomials In this paper we study uniqueness of entire functions sharing a non-zero finite value with linear differential polynomials and address a result of W. Wang and P. Li. Keywords:entire function, linear differential polynomial, value sharingCategory:30D35

13. CMB 2012 (vol 56 pp. 584)

Liau, Pao-Kuei; Liu, Cheng-Kai
 On Automorphisms and Commutativity in Semiprime Rings Let $R$ be a semiprime ring with center $Z(R)$. For $x,y\in R$, we denote by $[x,y]=xy-yx$ the commutator of $x$ and $y$. If $\sigma$ is a non-identity automorphism of $R$ such that $$\Big[\big[\dots\big[[\sigma(x^{n_0}),x^{n_1}],x^{n_2}\big],\dots\big],x^{n_k}\Big]=0$$ for all $x \in R$, where $n_{0},n_{1},n_{2},\dots,n_{k}$ are fixed positive integers, then there exists a map $\mu\colon R\rightarrow Z(R)$ such that $\sigma(x)=x+\mu(x)$ for all $x\in R$. In particular, when $R$ is a prime ring, $R$ is commutative. Keywords:automorphism, generalized polynomial identity (GPI)Categories:16N60, 16W20, 16R50

14. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 510)

Dubickas, Artūras
 Linear Forms in Monic Integer Polynomials We prove a necessary and sufficient condition on the list of nonzero integers $u_1,\dots,u_k$, $k \geq 2$, under which a monic polynomial $f \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ is expressible by a linear form $u_1f_1+\dots+u_kf_k$ in monic polynomials $f_1,\dots,f_k \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$. This condition is independent of $f$. We also show that if this condition holds, then the monic polynomials $f_1,\dots,f_k$ can be chosen to be irreducible in $\mathbb{Z}[x]$. Keywords:irreducible polynomial, height, linear form in polynomials, Eisenstein's criterionCategories:11R09, 11C08, 11B83

15. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 251)

Borwein, Peter; Choi, Stephen K. K.; Ganguli, Himadri
 Sign Changes of the Liouville Function on Quadratics Let $\lambda (n)$ denote the Liouville function. Complementary to the prime number theorem, Chowla conjectured that \begin{equation*} \label{a.1} \sum_{n\le x} \lambda (f(n)) =o(x)\tag{$*$} \end{equation*} for any polynomial $f(x)$ with integer coefficients which is not of form $bg(x)^2$. When $f(x)=x$, $(*)$ is equivalent to the prime number theorem. Chowla's conjecture has been proved for linear functions, but for degree greater than 1, the conjecture seems to be extremely hard and remains wide open. One can consider a weaker form of Chowla's conjecture. Conjecture 1. [Cassaigne et al.] If $f(x) \in \mathbb{Z} [x]$ and is not in the form of $bg^2(x)$ for some $g(x)\in \mathbb{Z}[x]$, then $\lambda (f(n))$ changes sign infinitely often. Clearly, Chowla's conjecture implies Conjecture 1. Although weaker, Conjecture 1 is still wide open for polynomials of degree $\gt 1$. In this article, we study Conjecture 1 for quadratic polynomials. One of our main theorems is the following. Theorem 1 Let $f(x) = ax^2+bx +c$ with $a\gt 0$ and $l$ be a positive integer such that $al$ is not a perfect square. If the equation $f(n)=lm^2$ has one solution $(n_0,m_0) \in \mathbb{Z}^2$, then it has infinitely many positive solutions $(n,m) \in \mathbb{N}^2$. As a direct consequence of Theorem 1, we prove the following. Theorem 2 Let $f(x)=ax^2+bx+c$ with $a \in \mathbb{N}$ and $b,c \in \mathbb{Z}$. Let $A_0=\Bigl[\frac{|b|+(|D|+1)/2}{2a}\Bigr]+1.$ Then either the binary sequence $\{ \lambda (f(n)) \}_{n=A_0}^\infty$ is a constant sequence or it changes sign infinitely often. Some partial results of Conjecture 1 for quadratic polynomials are also proved using Theorem 1. Keywords:Liouville function, Chowla's conjecture, prime number theorem, binary sequences, changes sign infinitely often, quadratic polynomials, Pell equationCategories:11N60, 11B83, 11D09

16. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 194)

Stefánsson, Úlfar F.
 On the Smallest and Largest Zeros of MÃ¼ntz-Legendre Polynomials MÃ¼ntz-Legendre polynomials $L_n(\Lambda;x)$ associated with a sequence $\Lambda=\{\lambda_k\}$ are obtained by orthogonalizing the system $(x^{\lambda_0}, x^{\lambda_1}, x^{\lambda_2}, \dots)$ in $L_2[0,1]$ with respect to the Legendre weight. If the $\lambda_k$'s are distinct, it is well known that $L_n(\Lambda;x)$ has exactly $n$ zeros $l_{n,n}\lt l_{n-1,n}\lt \cdots \lt l_{2,n}\lt l_{1,n}$ on $(0,1)$. First we prove the following global bound for the smallest zero, $$\exp\biggl(-4\sum_{j=0}^n \frac{1}{2\lambda_j+1}\biggr) \lt l_{n,n}.$$ An important consequence is that if the associated MÃ¼ntz space is non-dense in $L_2[0,1]$, then $$\inf_{n}x_{n,n}\geq \exp\biggl({-4\sum_{j=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{2\lambda_j+1}}\biggr)\gt 0,$$ so the elements $L_n(\Lambda;x)$ have no zeros close to 0. Furthermore, we determine the asymptotic behavior of the largest zeros; for $k$ fixed, $$\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \vert \log l_{k,n}\vert \sum_{j=0}^n (2\lambda_j+1)= \Bigl(\frac{j_k}{2}\Bigr)^2,$$ where $j_k$ denotes the $k$-th zero of the Bessel function $J_0$. Keywords:MÃ¼ntz polynomials, MÃ¼ntz-Legendre polynomialsCategories:42C05, 42C99, 41A60, 30B50

17. CMB 2011 (vol 55 pp. 850)

Shparlinski, Igor E.; Stange, Katherine E.
 Character Sums with Division Polynomials We obtain nontrivial estimates of quadratic character sums of division polynomials $\Psi_n(P)$, $n=1,2, \dots$, evaluated at a given point $P$ on an elliptic curve over a finite field of $q$ elements. Our bounds are nontrivial if the order of $P$ is at least $q^{1/2 + \varepsilon}$ for some fixed $\varepsilon > 0$. This work is motivated by an open question about statistical indistinguishability of some cryptographically relevant sequences that was recently brought up by K. Lauter and the second author. Keywords:division polynomial, character sumCategories:11L40, 14H52

18. CMB 2011 (vol 55 pp. 271)

Di Vincenzo, M. Onofrio; Nardozza, Vincenzo
 On the Existence of the Graded Exponent for Finite Dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_p$-graded Algebras Let $F$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and let $A$ be an associative unitary $F$-algebra graded by a group of prime order. We prove that if $A$ is finite dimensional then the graded exponent of $A$ exists and is an integer. Keywords:exponent, polynomial identities, graded algebrasCategories:16R50, 16R10, 16W50

19. CMB 2011 (vol 55 pp. 249)

Chang, Der-Chen; Li, Bao Qin
 Description of Entire Solutions of Eiconal Type Equations The paper describes entire solutions to the eiconal type non-linear partial differential equations, which include the eiconal equations $(X_1(u))^2+(X_2(u))^2=1$ as special cases, where $X_1=p_1{\partial}/{\partial z_1}+p_2{\partial}/{\partial z_2}$, $X_2=p_3{\partial}/{\partial z_1}+p_4{\partial}/{\partial z_2}$ are linearly independent operators with $p_j$ being arbitrary polynomials in $\mathbf{C}^2$. Keywords:entire solution, eiconal equation, polynomial, transcendental functionCategories:32A15, 35F20

20. CMB 2011 (vol 54 pp. 288)

Jacobs, David P.; Rayes, Mohamed O.; Trevisan, Vilmar
 The Resultant of Chebyshev Polynomials Let $T_{n}$ denote the $n$-th Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind, and let $U_{n}$ denote the $n$-th Chebyshev polynomial of the second kind. We give an explicit formula for the resultant $\operatorname{res}( T_{m}, T_{n} )$. Similarly, we give a formula for $\operatorname{res}( U_{m}, U_{n} )$. Keywords:resultant, Chebyshev polynomialCategories:11Y11, 68W20

21. CMB 2011 (vol 54 pp. 217)

Chen, William Y. C.; Wang, Larry X. W.; Yang, Arthur L. B.
 Recurrence Relations for Strongly $q$-Log-Convex Polynomials We consider a class of strongly $q$-log-convex polynomials based on a triangular recurrence relation with linear coefficients, and we show that the Bell polynomials, the Bessel polynomials, the Ramanujan polynomials and the Dowling polynomials are strongly $q$-log-convex. We also prove that the Bessel transformation preserves log-convexity. Keywords:log-concavity, $q$-log-convexity, strong $q$-log-convexity, Bell polynomials, Bessel polynomials, Ramanujan polynomials, Dowling polynomialsCategories:05A20, 05E99

22. CMB 2010 (vol 53 pp. 223)

Chuang, Chen-Lian; Lee, Tsiu-Kwen
 Density of Polynomial Maps Let $R$ be a dense subring of $\operatorname{End}(_DV)$, where $V$ is a left vector space over a division ring $D$. If $\dim{_DV}=\infty$, then the range of any nonzero polynomial $f(X_1,\dots,X_m)$ on $R$ is dense in $\operatorname{End}(_DV)$. As an application, let $R$ be a prime ring without nonzero nil one-sided ideals and $0\ne a\in R$. If $af(x_1,\dots,x_m)^{n(x_i)}=0$ for all $x_1,\dots,x_m\in R$, where $n(x_i)$ is a positive integer depending on $x_1,\dots,x_m$, then $f(X_1,\dots,X_m)$ is a polynomial identity of $R$ unless $R$ is a finite matrix ring over a finite field. Keywords:density, polynomial, endomorphism ring, PICategories:16D60, 16S50

23. CMB 2009 (vol 53 pp. 321)

Lee, Tsiu-Kwen; Zhou, Yiqiang
 A Theorem on Unit-Regular Rings Let $R$ be a unit-regular ring and let $\sigma$ be an endomorphism of $R$ such that $\sigma (e)=e$ for all $e^2=e\in R$ and let $n\ge 0$. It is proved that every element of $R[x \mathinner;\sigma]/(x^{n+1})$ is equivalent to an element of the form $e_0+e_1x+\dots +e_nx^n$, where the $e_i$ are orthogonal idempotents of $R$. As an application, it is proved that $R[x \mathinner; \sigma ]/(x^{n+1})$ is left morphic for each $n\ge 0$. Keywords:morphic rings, unit-regular rings, skew polynomial ringsCategories:16E50, 16U99, 16S70, 16S35

24. CMB 2009 (vol 52 pp. 511)

Bonciocat, Anca Iuliana; Bonciocat, Nicolae Ciprian
 The Irreducibility of Polynomials That Have One Large Coefficient and Take a Prime Value We use some classical estimates for polynomial roots to provide several irreducibility criteria for polynomials with integer coefficients that have one sufficiently large coefficient and take a prime value. Keywords:Estimates for polynomial roots, irreducible polynomialsCategories:11C08, 11R09

25. CMB 2009 (vol 52 pp. 535)

Daigle, Daniel; Kaliman, Shulim
 A Note on Locally Nilpotent Derivations\\ and Variables of $k[X,Y,Z]$ We strengthen certain results concerning actions of $(\Comp,+)$ on $\Comp^{3}$ and embeddings of $\Comp^{2}$ in $\Comp^{3}$, and show that these results are in fact valid over any field of characteristic zero. Keywords:locally nilpotent derivations, group actions, polynomial automorphisms, variable, affine spaceCategories:14R10, 14R20, 14R25, 13N15
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