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51. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 251)

Borwein, Peter; Choi, Stephen K. K.; Ganguli, Himadri
 Sign Changes of the Liouville Function on Quadratics Let $\lambda (n)$ denote the Liouville function. Complementary to the prime number theorem, Chowla conjectured that \begin{equation*} \label{a.1} \sum_{n\le x} \lambda (f(n)) =o(x)\tag{$*$} \end{equation*} for any polynomial $f(x)$ with integer coefficients which is not of form $bg(x)^2$. When $f(x)=x$, $(*)$ is equivalent to the prime number theorem. Chowla's conjecture has been proved for linear functions, but for degree greater than 1, the conjecture seems to be extremely hard and remains wide open. One can consider a weaker form of Chowla's conjecture. Conjecture 1. [Cassaigne et al.] If $f(x) \in \mathbb{Z} [x]$ and is not in the form of $bg^2(x)$ for some $g(x)\in \mathbb{Z}[x]$, then $\lambda (f(n))$ changes sign infinitely often. Clearly, Chowla's conjecture implies Conjecture 1. Although weaker, Conjecture 1 is still wide open for polynomials of degree $\gt 1$. In this article, we study Conjecture 1 for quadratic polynomials. One of our main theorems is the following. Theorem 1 Let $f(x) = ax^2+bx +c$ with $a\gt 0$ and $l$ be a positive integer such that $al$ is not a perfect square. If the equation $f(n)=lm^2$ has one solution $(n_0,m_0) \in \mathbb{Z}^2$, then it has infinitely many positive solutions $(n,m) \in \mathbb{N}^2$. As a direct consequence of Theorem 1, we prove the following. Theorem 2 Let $f(x)=ax^2+bx+c$ with $a \in \mathbb{N}$ and $b,c \in \mathbb{Z}$. Let $A_0=\Bigl[\frac{|b|+(|D|+1)/2}{2a}\Bigr]+1.$ Then either the binary sequence $\{ \lambda (f(n)) \}_{n=A_0}^\infty$ is a constant sequence or it changes sign infinitely often. Some partial results of Conjecture 1 for quadratic polynomials are also proved using Theorem 1. Keywords:Liouville function, Chowla's conjecture, prime number theorem, binary sequences, changes sign infinitely often, quadratic polynomials, Pell equationCategories:11N60, 11B83, 11D09

52. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 388)

Mursaleen, M.
 Application of Measure of Noncompactness to Infinite Systems of Differential Equations In this paper we determine the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness on the sequence space $n(\phi)$ of W. L. C. Sargent. Further we apply the technique of measures of noncompactness to the theory of infinite systems of differential equations in the Banach sequence spaces $n(\phi)$ and $m(\phi)$. Our aim is to present some existence results for infinite systems of differential equations formulated with the help of measures of noncompactness. Keywords:sequence spaces, BK spaces, measure of noncompactness, infinite system of differential equationsCategories:46B15, 46B45, 46B50, 34A34, 34G20

53. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 354)

Hare, Kathryn E.; Mendivil, Franklin; Zuberman, Leandro
 The Sizes of Rearrangements of Cantor Sets A linear Cantor set $C$ with zero Lebesgue measure is associated with the countable collection of the bounded complementary open intervals. A rearrangment of $C$ has the same lengths of its complementary intervals, but with different locations. We study the Hausdorff and packing $h$-measures and dimensional properties of the set of all rearrangments of some given $C$ for general dimension functions $h$. For each set of complementary lengths, we construct a Cantor set rearrangement which has the maximal Hausdorff and the minimal packing $h$-premeasure, up to a constant. We also show that if the packing measure of this Cantor set is positive, then there is a rearrangement which has infinite packing measure. Keywords:Hausdorff dimension, packing dimension, dimension functions, Cantor sets, cut-out setCategories:28A78, 28A80

54. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 292)

Dai, Mei-Feng
 Quasisymmetrically Minimal Moran Sets M. Hu and S. Wen considered quasisymmetrically minimal uniform Cantor sets of Hausdorff dimension $1$, where at the $k$-th set one removes from each interval $I$ a certain number $n_{k}$ of open subintervals of length $c_{k}|I|$, leaving $(n_{k}+1)$ closed subintervals of equal length. Quasisymmetrically Moran sets of Hausdorff dimension $1$ considered in the paper are more general than uniform Cantor sets in that neither the open subintervals nor the closed subintervals are required to be of equal length. Keywords:quasisymmetric, Moran set, Hausdorff dimensionCategories:28A80, 54C30

55. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 272)

Cheng, Lixin; Luo, Zhenghua; Zhou, Yu
 On Super Weakly Compact Convex Sets and Representation of the Dual of the Normed Semigroup They Generate In this note, we first give a characterization of super weakly compact convex sets of a Banach space $X$: a closed bounded convex set $K\subset X$ is super weakly compact if and only if there exists a $w^*$ lower semicontinuous seminorm $p$ with $p\geq\sigma_K\equiv\sup_{x\in K}\langle\,\cdot\,,x\rangle$ such that $p^2$ is uniformly FrÃ©chet differentiable on each bounded set of $X^*$. Then we present a representation theorem for the dual of the semigroup $\textrm{swcc}(X)$ consisting of all the nonempty super weakly compact convex sets of the space $X$. Keywords:super weakly compact set, dual of normed semigroup, uniform FrÃ©chet differentiability, representationCategories:20M30, 46B10, 46B20, 46E15, 46J10, 49J50

56. CMB Online first

Browning, T. D.
 The Lang--Weil Estimate for Cubic Hypersurfaces An improved estimate is provided for the number of $\mathbb{F}_q$-rational points on a geometrically irreducible, projective, cubic hypersurface that is not equal to a cone. Keywords:cubic hypersurface, rational points, finite fieldsCategories:11G25, 14G15

57. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 265)

Chen, Yichao; Mansour, Toufik; Zou, Qian
 Embedding Distributions of Generalized Fan Graphs Total embedding distributions have been known for a few classes of graphs. Chen, Gross, and Rieper computed it for necklaces, close-end ladders and cobblestone paths. Kwak and Shim computed it for bouquets of circles and dipoles. In this paper, a splitting theorem is generalized and the embedding distributions of generalized fan graphs are obtained. Keywords:total embedding distribution, splitting theorem, generalized fan graphsCategory:05C10

58. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 442)

Zelenyuk, Yevhen
 Closed Left Ideal Decompositions of $U(G)$ Let $G$ be an infinite discrete group and let $\beta G$ be the Stone--Äech compactification of $G$. We take the points of $Äta G$ to be the ultrafilters on $G$, identifying the principal ultrafilters with the points of $G$. The set $U(G)$ of uniform ultrafilters on $G$ is a closed two-sided ideal of $\beta G$. For every $p\in U(G)$, define $I_p\subseteq\beta G$ by $I_p=\bigcap_{A\in p}\operatorname{cl} (GU(A))$, where $U(A)=\{p\in U(G):A\in p\}$. We show that if $|G|$ is a regular cardinal, then $\{I_p:p\in U(G)\}$ is the finest decomposition of $U(G)$ into closed left ideals of $\beta G$ such that the corresponding quotient space of $U(G)$ is Hausdorff. Keywords:Stone--Äech compactification, uniform ultrafilter, closed left ideal, decompositionCategories:22A15, 54H20, 22A30, 54D80

59. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 400)

Prunaru, Bebe
 A Factorization Theorem for Multiplier Algebras of Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces Let $(X,\mathcal B,\mu)$ be a $\sigma$-finite measure space and let $H\subset L^2(X,\mu)$ be a separable reproducing kernel Hilbert space on $X$. We show that the multiplier algebra of $H$ has property $(A_1(1))$. Keywords:reproducing kernel Hilbert space, Berezin transform, dual algebraCategories:46E22, 47B32, 47L45

60. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 326)

Erdoğan, M. Burak; Oberlin, Daniel M.
 Restricting Fourier Transforms of Measures to Curves in $\mathbb R^2$ We establish estimates for restrictions to certain curves in $\mathbb R^2$ of the Fourier transforms of some fractal measures. Keywords:Fourier transforms of fractal measures, Fourier restrictionCategories:42B10, 28A12

61. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 127)

Li, Junfang
 Evolution of Eigenvalues along Rescaled Ricci Flow In this paper, we discuss monotonicity formulae of various entropy functionals under various rescaled versions of Ricci flow. As an application, we prove that the lowest eigenvalue of a family of geometric operators $-4\Delta + kR$ is monotonic along the normalized Ricci flow for all $k\ge 1$ provided the initial manifold has nonpositive total scalar curvature. Keywords:monotonicity formulas, Ricci flowCategories:58C40, 53C44

62. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 3)

Aïssiou, Tayeb
 Semiclassical Limits of Eigenfunctions on Flat $n$-Dimensional Tori We provide a proof of a conjecture by Jakobson, Nadirashvili, and Toth stating that on an $n$-dimensional flat torus $\mathbb T^{n}$, and the Fourier transform of squares of the eigenfunctions $|\varphi_\lambda|^2$ of the Laplacian have uniform $l^n$ bounds that do not depend on the eigenvalue $\lambda$. The proof is a generalization of an argument by Jakobson, et al. for the lower dimensional cases. These results imply uniform bounds for semiclassical limits on $\mathbb T^{n+2}$. We also prove a geometric lemma that bounds the number of codimension-one simplices satisfying a certain restriction on an $n$-dimensional sphere $S^n(\lambda)$ of radius $\sqrt{\lambda}$, and we use it in the proof. Keywords:semiclassical limits, eigenfunctions of Laplacian on a torus, quantum limitsCategories:58G25, 81Q50, 35P20, 42B05

63. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 283)

Coons, Michael
 Transcendental Solutions of a Class of Minimal Functional Equations We prove a result concerning power series $f(z)\in\mathbb{C}[\mkern-3mu[z]\mkern-3mu]$ satisfying a functional equation of the form $$f(z^d)=\sum_{k=1}^n \frac{A_k(z)}{B_k(z)}f(z)^k,$$ where $A_k(z),B_k(z)\in \mathbb{C}[z]$. In particular, we show that if $f(z)$ satisfies a minimal functional equation of the above form with $n\geqslant 2$, then $f(z)$ is necessarily transcendental. Towards a more complete classification, the case $n=1$ is also considered. Keywords:transcendence, generating functions, Mahler-type functional equationCategories:11B37, 11B83, , 11J91

64. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 366)

Kyritsi, Sophia Th.; Papageorgiou, Nikolaos S.
 Multiple Solutions for Nonlinear Periodic Problems We consider a nonlinear periodic problem driven by a nonlinear nonhomogeneous differential operator and a CarathÃ©odory reaction term $f(t,x)$ that exhibits a $(p-1)$-superlinear growth in $x \in \mathbb{R}$ near $\pm\infty$ and near zero. A special case of the differential operator is the scalar $p$-Laplacian. Using a combination of variational methods based on the critical point theory with Morse theory (critical groups), we show that the problem has three nontrivial solutions, two of which have constant sign (one positive, the other negative). Keywords:$C$-condition, mountain pass theorem, critical groups, strong deformation retract, contractible space, homotopy invarianceCategories:34B15, 34B18, 34C25, 58E05

65. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 203)

Tall, Franklin D.
 Productively LindelÃ¶f Spaces May All Be $D$ We give easy proofs that (a) the Continuum Hypothesis implies that if the product of $X$ with every LindelÃ¶f space is LindelÃ¶f, then $X$ is a $D$-space, and (b) Borel's Conjecture implies every Rothberger space is Hurewicz. Keywords:productively LindelÃ¶f, $D$-space, projectively $\sigma$-compact, Menger, HurewiczCategories:54D20, 54B10, 54D55, 54A20, 03F50

66. CMB 2011 (vol 55 pp. 842)

Sairaiji, Fumio; Yamauchi, Takuya
 The Rank of Jacobian Varieties over the Maximal Abelian Extensions of Number Fields: Towards the Frey-Jarden Conjecture Frey and Jarden asked if any abelian variety over a number field $K$ has the infinite Mordell-Weil rank over the maximal abelian extension $K^{\operatorname{ab}}$. In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to their conjecture for the Jacobian variety of any smooth projective curve $C$ over $K$ such that $\sharp C(K^{\operatorname{ab}})=\infty$ and for any abelian variety of $\operatorname{GL}_2$-type with trivial character. Keywords:Mordell-Weil rank, Jacobian varieties, Frey-Jarden conjecture, abelian pointsCategories:11G05, 11D25, 14G25, 14K07

67. CMB 2011 (vol 55 pp. 233)

Bishnoi, Anuj; Khanduja, Sudesh K.
 On Algebraically Maximal Valued Fields and Defectless Extensions Let $v$ be a Henselian Krull valuation of a field $K$. In this paper, the authors give some necessary and sufficient conditions for a finite simple extension of $(K,v)$ to be defectless. Various characterizations of algebraically maximal valued fields are also given which lead to a new proof of a result proved by Yu. L. Ershov. Keywords:valued fields, non-Archimedean valued fieldsCategories:12J10, 12J25

68. CMB 2011 (vol 55 pp. 870)

Wang, Hui; Deng, Shaoqiang
 Left Invariant Einstein-Randers Metrics on Compact Lie Groups In this paper we study left invariant Einstein-Randers metrics on compact Lie groups. First, we give a method to construct left invariant non-Riemannian Einstein-Randers metrics on a compact Lie group, using the Zermelo navigation data. Then we prove that this gives a complete classification of left invariant Einstein-Randers metrics on compact simple Lie groups with the underlying Riemannian metric naturally reductive. Further, we completely determine the identity component of the group of isometries for this type of metrics on simple groups. Finally, we study some geometric properties of such metrics. In particular, we give the formulae of geodesics and flag curvature of such metrics. Keywords:Einstein-Randers metric, compact Lie groups, geodesic, flag curvatureCategories:17B20, 22E46, 53C12

69. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 173)

Sahin, Bayram
 Semi-invariant Submersions from Almost Hermitian Manifolds We introduce semi-invariant Riemannian submersions from almost Hermitian manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. We give examples, investigate the geometry of foliations that arise from the definition of a Riemannian submersion, and find necessary sufficient conditions for total manifold to be a locally product Riemannian manifold. We also find necessary and sufficient conditions for a semi-invariant submersion to be totally geodesic. Moreover, we obtain a classification for semi-invariant submersions with totally umbilical fibers and show that such submersions put some restrictions on total manifolds. Keywords:Riemannian submersion, Hermitian manifold, anti-invariant Riemannian submersion, semi-invariant submersionCategories:53B20, 53C43

70. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 70)

Hrubeš, P.; Wigderson, A.; Yehudayoff, A.
 An Asymptotic Bound on the Composition Number of Integer Sums of Squares Formulas Let $\sigma_{\mathbb Z}(k)$ be the smallest $n$ such that there exists an identity $(x_1^2 + x_2^2 + \cdots + x_k^2) \cdot (y_1^2 + y_2^2 + \cdots + y_k^2) = f_1^2 + f_2^2 + \cdots + f_n^2,$ with $f_1,\dots,f_n$ being polynomials with integer coefficients in the variables $x_1,\dots,x_k$ and $y_1,\dots,y_k$. We prove that $\sigma_{\mathbb Z}(k) \geq \Omega(k^{6/5})$. Keywords:composition formulas, sums of squares, Radon-Hurwitz numberCategory:11E25

71. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 55)

 Cliquishness and Quasicontinuity of Two-Variable Maps We study the existence of continuity points for mappings $f\colon X\times Y\to Z$ whose $x$-sections $Y\ni y\to f(x,y)\in Z$ are fragmentable and $y$-sections $X\ni x\to f(x,y)\in Z$ are quasicontinuous, where $X$ is a Baire space and $Z$ is a metric space. For the factor $Y$, we consider two infinite point-picking'' games $G_1(y)$ and $G_2(y)$ defined respectively for each $y\in Y$ as follows: in the $n$-th inning, Player I gives a dense set $D_n\subset Y$, respectively, a dense open set $D_n\subset Y$. Then Player II picks a point $y_n\in D_n$; II wins if $y$ is in the closure of ${\{y_n:n\in\mathbb N\}}$, otherwise I wins. It is shown that (i) $f$ is cliquish if II has a winning strategy in $G_1(y)$ for every $y\in Y$, and (ii) $f$ is quasicontinuous if the $x$-sections of $f$ are continuous and the set of $y\in Y$ such that II has a winning strategy in $G_2(y)$ is dense in $Y$. Item (i) extends substantially a result of Debs and item (ii) indicates that the problem of Talagrand on separately continuous maps has a positive answer for a wide class of small'' compact spaces. Keywords:cliquishness, fragmentability, joint continuity, point-picking game, quasicontinuity, separate continuity, two variable mapsCategories:54C05, 54C08, 54B10, 91A05

72. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 65)

Ghenciu, Ioana
 The Uncomplemented Subspace $\mathbf K(X,Y)$ A vector measure result is used to study the complementation of the space $K(X,Y)$ of compact operators in the spaces $W(X,Y)$ of weakly compact operators, $CC(X,Y)$ of completely continuous operators, and $U(X,Y)$ of unconditionally converging operators. Results of Kalton and Emmanuele concerning the complementation of $K(X,Y)$ in $L(X,Y)$ and in $W(X,Y)$ are generalized. The containment of $c_0$ and $\ell_\infty$ in spaces of operators is also studied. Keywords:compact operators, weakly compact operators, uncomplemented subspaces of operatorsCategories:46B20, 46B28

73. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 102)

Kong, Qingkai; Wang, Min
 Eigenvalue Approach to Even Order System Periodic Boundary Value Problems We study an even order system boundary value problem with periodic boundary conditions. By establishing the existence of a positive eigenvalue of an associated linear system Sturm-Liouville problem, we obtain new conditions for the boundary value problem to have a positive solution. Our major tools are the Krein-Rutman theorem for linear spectra and the fixed point index theory for compact operators. Keywords:Green's function, high order system boundary value problems, positive solutions, Sturm-Liouville problemCategories:34B18, 34B24

74. CMB 2011 (vol 55 pp. 673)

Aizenbud, Avraham; Gourevitch, Dmitry
 Multiplicity Free Jacquet Modules Let $F$ be a non-Archimedean local field or a finite field. Let $n$ be a natural number and $k$ be $1$ or $2$. Consider $G:=\operatorname{GL}_{n+k}(F)$ and let $M:=\operatorname{GL}_n(F) \times \operatorname{GL}_k(F)\lt G$ be a maximal Levi subgroup. Let $U\lt G$ be the corresponding unipotent subgroup and let $P=MU$ be the corresponding parabolic subgroup. Let $J:=J_M^G: \mathcal{M}(G) \to \mathcal{M}(M)$ be the Jacquet functor, i.e., the functor of coinvariants with respect to $U$. In this paper we prove that $J$ is a multiplicity free functor, i.e., $\dim \operatorname{Hom}_M(J(\pi),\rho)\leq 1$, for any irreducible representations $\pi$ of $G$ and $\rho$ of $M$. We adapt the classical method of Gelfand and Kazhdan, which proves the multiplicity free" property of certain representations to prove the multiplicity free" property of certain functors. At the end we discuss whether other Jacquet functors are multiplicity free. Keywords:multiplicity one, Gelfand pair, invariant distribution, finite groupCategories:20G05, 20C30, 20C33, 46F10, 47A67

75. CMB 2011 (vol 56 pp. 218)

Yang, Dilian
 Functional Equations and Fourier Analysis By exploring the relations among functional equations, harmonic analysis and representation theory, we give a unified and very accessible approach to solve three important functional equations - the d'Alembert equation, the Wilson equation, and the d'Alembert long equation - on compact groups. Keywords:functional equations, Fourier analysis, representation of compact groupsCategories:39B52, 22C05, 43A30
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