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26. CMB Online first

Khavinson, Dmitry; Lundberg, Erik; Render, Hermann
 The Dirichlet problem for the slab with entire data and a difference equation for harmonic functions It is shown that the Dirichlet problem for the slab $(a,b) \times \mathbb{R}^{d}$ with entire boundary data has an entire solution. The proof is based on a generalized Schwarz reflection principle. Moreover, it is shown that for a given entire harmonic function $g$ the inhomogeneous difference equation $h ( t+1,y) -h (t,y) =g ( t,y)$ has an entire harmonic solution $h$. Keywords:reflection principle, entire harmonic function, analytic continuationCategories:31B20, 31B05

27. CMB Online first

Deng, Shaoqiang; Hu, Zhiguang; Li, Jifu
 Cohomogeneity one Randers metrics An action of a Lie group $G$ on a smooth manifold $M$ is called cohomogeneity one if the orbit space $M/G$ is of dimension $1$. A Finsler metric $F$ on $M$ is called invariant if $F$ is invariant under the action of $G$. In this paper, we study invariant Randers metrics on cohomogeneity one manifolds. We first give a sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of invariant Randers metrics on cohomogeneity one manifolds. Then we obtain some results on invariant Killing vector fields on the cohomogeneity one manifolds and use that to deduce some sufficient and necessary condition for a cohomogeneity one Randers metric to be Einstein. Keywords:cohomogeneity one actions, normal geodesics, invariant vector fields, Randers metricsCategories:53C30, 53C60

28. CMB Online first

García-Pacheco, Francisco Javier; Hill, Justin R.
 Geometric characterizations of Hilbert spaces We study some geometric properties related to the set $\Pi_X:= \{ (x,x^* )\in\mathsf{S}_X\times \mathsf{S}_{X^*}:x^* (x )=1 \}$ obtaining two characterizations of Hilbert spaces in the category of Banach spaces. We also compute the distance of a generic element $(h,k )\in H\oplus_2 H$ to $\Pi_H$ for $H$ a Hilbert space. Keywords:Hilbert space, extreme point, smooth, $\mathsf{L}^2$-summandsCategories:46B20, 46C05

29. CMB Online first

Dolžan, David
 The metric dimension of the total graph of a finite commutative ring We study the total graph of a finite commutative ring. We calculate its metric dimension in the case when the Jacobson radical of the ring is nontrivial and we examine the metric dimension of the total graph of a product of at most two fields, obtaining either exact values in some cases or bounds in other, depending on the number of elements in the respective fields. Keywords:total graph, finite ring, metric dimensionCategories:13M99, 05E40

30. CMB Online first

Otsubo, Noriyuki
 Homology of the Fermat tower and universal measures for Jacobi sums We give a precise description of the homology group of the Fermat curve as a cyclic module over a group ring. As an application, we prove the freeness of the profinite homology of the Fermat tower. This allows us to define measures, an equivalent of Anderson's adelic beta functions, in a similar manner to Ihara's definition of $\ell$-adic universal power series for Jacobi sums. We give a simple proof of the interpolation property using a motivic decomposition of the Fermat curve. Keywords:Fermat curves, Ihara-Anderson theory, Jacobi sumsCategories:11S80, 11G15, 11R18

31. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 417)

Song, Hongxue; Chen, Caisheng; Yan, Qinglun
 Existence of Multiple Solutions for a $p$-Laplacian System in $\textbf{R}^{N}$ with Sign-changing Weight Functions In this paper, we consider the quasi-linear elliptic problem \left\{ \begin{aligned} & -M \left(\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}|x|^{-ap}|\nabla u|^{p}dx \right){\rm div} \left(|x|^{-ap}|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u \right) \\ & \qquad=\frac{\alpha}{\alpha+\beta}H(x)|u|^{\alpha-2}u|v|^{\beta}+\lambda h_{1}(x)|u|^{q-2}u, \\ & -M \left(\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}|x|^{-ap}|\nabla v|^{p}dx \right){\rm div} \left(|x|^{-ap}|\nabla v|^{p-2}\nabla v \right) \\ & \qquad=\frac{\beta}{\alpha+\beta}H(x)|v|^{\beta-2}v|u|^{\alpha}+\mu h_{2}(x)|v|^{q-2}v, \\ &u(x)\gt 0,\quad v(x)\gt 0, \quad x\in \mathbb{R}^{N} \end{aligned} \right. where $\lambda, \mu\gt 0$, $1\lt p\lt N$, $1\lt q\lt p\lt p(\tau+1)\lt \alpha+\beta\lt p^{*}=\frac{Np}{N-p}$, $0\leq a\lt \frac{N-p}{p}$, $a\leq b\lt a+1$, $d=a+1-b\gt 0$, $M(s)=k+l s^{\tau}$, $k\gt 0$, $l, \tau\geq0$ and the weight $H(x), h_{1}(x), h_{2}(x)$ are continuous functions which change sign in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$. We will prove that the problem has at least two positive solutions by using the Nehari manifold and the fibering maps associated with the Euler functional for this problem. Keywords:Nehari manifold, quasilinear elliptic system, $p$-Laplacian operator, concave and convex nonlinearitiesCategory:35J66

32. CMB Online first

Chen, Chung-Chuan
 Recurrence of cosine operator functions on groups In this note, we study the recurrence and topologically multiple recurrence of a sequence of operators on Banach spaces. In particular, we give a sufficient and necessary condition for a cosine operator function, induced by a sequence of operators on the Lebesgue space of a locally compact group, to be topologically multiply recurrent. Keywords:topologically multiple recurrence, recurrence, topological transitivity, hypercyclicity, cosine operator functionCategories:47A16, 54B20, 43A15

33. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 234)

Beardon, Alan F.
 Non-discrete Frieze Groups The classification of Euclidean frieze groups into seven conjugacy classes is well known, and many articles on recreational mathematics contain frieze patterns that illustrate these classes. However, it is only possible to draw these patterns because the subgroup of translations that leave the pattern invariant is (by definition) cyclic, and hence discrete. In this paper we classify the conjugacy classes of frieze groups that contain a non-discrete subgroup of translations, and clearly these groups cannot be represented pictorially in any practical way. In addition, this discussion sheds light on why there are only seven conjugacy classes in the classical case. Keywords:frieze groups, isometry groupsCategories:51M04, 51N30, 20E45

34. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 326)

Jiang, Chunlan; Shi, Rui
 On the Uniqueness of Jordan Canonical Form Decompositions of Operators by $K$-theoretical Data In this paper, we develop a generalized Jordan canonical form theorem for a certain class of operators in $\mathcal {L}(\mathcal {H})$. A complete criterion for similarity for this class of operators in terms of $K$-theory for Banach algebras is given. Keywords:strongly irreducible operator, similarity invariant, reduction theory of von Neumann algebras, $K$-theoryCategories:47A15, 47C15, 47A65

35. CMB Online first

De Nicola, Antonio; Yudin, Ivan
 Generalized Goldberg Formula In this paper we prove a useful formula for the graded commutator of the Hodge codifferential with the left wedge multiplication by a fixed $p$-form acting on the de Rham algebra of a Riemannian manifold. Our formula generalizes a formula stated by Samuel I. Goldberg for the case of 1-forms. As first examples of application we obtain new identities on locally conformally KÃ¤hler manifolds and quasi-Sasakian manifolds. Moreover, we prove that under suitable conditions a certain subalgebra of differential forms in a compact manifold is quasi-isomorphic as a CDGA to the full de Rham algebra. Keywords:graded commutator, Hodge codifferential, Hodge laplacian, de Rham cohomology, locally conformal Kaehler manifold, quasi-Sasakian manifoldCategories:53C25, 53D35

36. CMB Online first

Kachmar, Ayman
 A new formula for the energy of bulk superconductivity The energy of a type II superconductor submitted to an external magnetic field of intensity close to the second critical field is given by the celebrated Abrikosov energy. If the external magnetic field is comparable to and below the second critical field, the energy is given by a reference function obtained as a special (thermodynamic) limit of a non-linear energy. In this note, we give a new formula for this reference energy. In particular, we obtain it as a special limit of a linear energy defined over configurations normalized in the $L^4$-norm. Keywords:Ginzburg-Landau functionalCategories:35B40, 35P15, 35Q56

37. CMB Online first

Feng, Zhaosheng; Jiang, Yongxin; Wang, Wei
 Spatial Homogenization of Stochastic Wave Equation with Large Interaction A dynamical approximation of a stochastic wave equation with large interaction is derived. A random invariant manifold is discussed. By a key linear transformation, the random invariant manifold is shown to be close to the random invariant manifold of a second-order stochastic ordinary differential equation. Keywords:stochastic wave equation, homogeneous system, approximation, random invariant manifold, Neumann boundary conditionCategories:60F10, 60H15, 35Q55

38. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 279)

Dimca, Alexandru
 The PoincarÃ©-Deligne Polynomial of Milnor Fibers of Triple Point Line Arrangements is Combinatorially Determined Using a recent result by S. Papadima and A. Suciu, we show that the equivariant PoincarÃ©-Deligne polynomial of the Milnor fiber of a projective line arrangement having only double and triple points is combinatorially determined. Keywords:line arrangement, Milnor fiber, monodromy, mixed Hodge structuresCategories:32S22, 32S35, 32S25, 32S55

39. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 225)

Atıcı, Ferhan M.; Yaldız, Hatice
 Convex Functions on Discrete Time Domains In this paper, we introduce the definition of a convex real valued function $f$ defined on the set of integers, ${\mathbb{Z}}$. We prove that $f$ is convex on ${\mathbb{Z}}$ if and only if $\Delta^{2}f \geq 0$ on ${\mathbb{Z}}$. As a first application of this new concept, we state and prove discrete Hermite-Hadamard inequality using the basics of discrete calculus (i.e. the calculus on ${\mathbb{Z}}$). Second, we state and prove the discrete fractional Hermite-Hadamard inequality using the basics of discrete fractional calculus. We close the paper by defining the convexity of a real valued function on any time scale. Keywords:discrete calculus, discrete fractional calculus, convex functions, discrete Hermite-Hadamard inequalityCategories:26B25, 26A33, 39A12, 39A70, 26E70, 26D07, 26D10, 26D15

40. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 346)

Krantz, Steven
 On a Theorem of Bers, with Applications to the Study of Automorphism Groups of Domains We study and generalize a classical theorem of L. Bers that classifies domains up to biholomorphic equivalence in terms of the algebras of holomorphic functions on those domains. Then we develop applications of these results to the study of domains with noncompact automorphism group. Keywords:Bers's theorem, algebras of holomorphic functions, noncompact automorphism group, biholomorphic equivalenceCategories:32A38, 30H50, 32A10, 32M99

41. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 403)

Zargar, Majid Rahro; Zakeri, Hossein
 On Flat and Gorenstein Flat Dimensions of Local Cohomology Modules Let $\mathfrak{a}$ be an ideal of a Noetherian local ring $R$ and let $C$ be a semidualizing $R$-module. For an $R$-module $X$, we denote any of the quantities $\mathfrak{d}_R X$, $\operatorname{\mathsf{Gfd}}_R X$ and $\operatorname{\mathsf{G_C-fd}}_RX$ by $\operatorname{\mathsf{T}}(X)$. Let $M$ be an $R$-module such that $\operatorname{H}_{\mathfrak{a}}^i(M)=0$ for all $i\neq n$. It is proved that if $\operatorname{\mathsf{T}}(X)\lt \infty$, then $\operatorname{\mathsf{T}}(\operatorname{H}_{\mathfrak{a}}^n(M))\leq\operatorname{\mathsf{T}}(M)+n$ and the equality holds whenever $M$ is finitely generated. With the aid of these results, among other things, we characterize Cohen-Macaulay modules, dualizing modules and Gorenstein rings. Keywords:flat dimension, Gorenstein injective dimension, Gorenstein flat dimension, local cohomology, relative Cohen-Macaulay module, semidualizing moduleCategories:13D05, 13D45, 18G20

42. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 392)

Prajapati, S. K.; Sarma, R.
 Total Character of a Group $G$ with $(G,Z(G))$ as a Generalized Camina Pair We investigate whether the total character of a finite group $G$ is a polynomial in a suitable irreducible character of $G$. When $(G,Z(G))$ is a generalized Camina pair, we show that the total character is a polynomial in a faithful irreducible character of $G$ if and only if $Z(G)$ is cyclic. Keywords:finite groups, group characters, total charactersCategory:20C15

43. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 311)

Ilten, Nathan; Teitler, Zach
 Product Ranks of the $3\times 3$ Determinant and Permanent We show that the product rank of the $3 \times 3$ determinant $\det_3$ is $5$, and the product rank of the $3 \times 3$ permanent $\operatorname{perm}_3$ is $4$. As a corollary, we obtain that the tensor rank of $\det_3$ is $5$ and the tensor rank of $\operatorname{perm}_3$ is $4$. We show moreover that the border product rank of $\operatorname{perm}_n$ is larger than $n$ for any $n\geq 3$. Keywords:product rank, tensor rank, determinant, permanent, Fano schemesCategories:15A21, 15A69, 14M12, 14N15

44. CMB 2016 (vol 59 pp. 363)

Li, Dan; Ma, Wanbiao
 Dynamical Analysis of a Stage-Structured Model for Lyme Disease with Two Delays In this paper, a nonlinear stage-structured model for Lyme disease is considered. The model is a system of differential equations with two time delays. The basic reproductive rate, $R_0(\tau_1,\tau_2)$, is derived. If $R_0(\tau_1,\tau_2)\lt 1$, then the boundary equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. If $R_0(\tau_1,\tau_2)\gt 1$, then there exists a unique positive equilibrium whose local asymptotical stability and the existence of Hopf bifurcations are established by analyzing the distribution of the characteristic values. An explicit algorithm for determining the direction of Hopf bifurcations and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions is derived by using the normal form and the center manifold theory. Some numerical simulations are performed to confirm the correctness of theoretical analysis. At last, some conclusions are given. Keywords:Lyme disease, stage-structure, time delay, Lyapunov functional stability Hopf bifurcation.Category:34D20

45. CMB 2015 (vol 59 pp. 73)

Gasiński, Leszek; Papageorgiou, Nikolaos S.
 Positive Solutions for the Generalized Nonlinear Logistic Equations We consider a nonlinear parametric elliptic equation driven by a nonhomogeneous differential operator with a logistic reaction of the superdiffusive type. Using variational methods coupled with suitable truncation and comparison techniques, we prove a bifurcation type result describing the set of positive solutions as the parameter varies. Keywords:positive solution, bifurcation type result, strong comparison principle, nonlinear regularity, nonlinear maximum principleCategories:35J25, 35J92

46. CMB 2015 (vol 59 pp. 435)

Yao, Hongliang
 On Extensions of Stably Finite C*-algebras (II) For any $C^*$-algebra $A$ with an approximate unit of projections, there is a smallest ideal $I$ of $A$ such that the quotient $A/I$ is stably finite. In this paper, a sufficient and necessary condition is obtained for an ideal of a $C^*$-algebra with real rank zero is this smallest ideal by $K$-theory. Keywords:extension, stably finite C*-algebra, index mapCategories:46L05, 46L80

47. CMB 2015 (vol 59 pp. 170)

Martínez-Pedroza, Eduardo
 A Note on Fine Graphs and Homological Isoperimetric Inequalities In the framework of homological characterizations of relative hyperbolicity, Groves and Manning posed the question of whether a simply connected $2$-complex $X$ with a linear homological isoperimetric inequality, a bound on the length of attaching maps of $2$-cells and finitely many $2$-cells adjacent to any edge must have a fine $1$-skeleton. We provide a positive answer to this question. We revisit a homological characterization of relative hyperbolicity, and show that a group $G$ is hyperbolic relative to a collection of subgroups $\mathcal P$ if and only if $G$ acts cocompactly with finite edge stabilizers on an connected $2$-dimensional cell complex with a linear homological isoperimetric inequality and $\mathcal P$ is a collection of representatives of conjugacy classes of vertex stabilizers. Keywords:isoperimetric functions, Dehn functions, hyperbolic groupsCategories:20F67, 05C10, 20J05, 57M60

48. CMB 2015 (vol 59 pp. 197)

Rajaee, Saeed
 Quasi-copure Submodules All rings are commutative with identity and all modules are unital. In this paper we introduce the concept of quasi-copure submodule of a multiplication $R$-module $M$ and will give some results of them. We give some properties of tensor product of finitely generated faithful multiplication modules. Keywords:multiplication module, arithmetical ring, copure submodule, radical of submodulesCategories:13A15, 13C05, 13C13, , 13C99

49. CMB 2015 (vol 59 pp. 123)

Jensen, Gerd; Pommerenke, Christian
 Discrete Space-time and Lorentz Transformations Alfred Schild has established conditions that Lorentz transformations map world-vectors $(ct,x,y,z)$ with integer coordinates onto vectors of the same kind. The problem was dealt with in the context of tensor and spinor calculus. Due to Schild's number-theoretic arguments, the subject is also interesting when isolated from its physical background. The paper of Schild is not easy to understand. Therefore we first present a streamlined version of his proof which is based on the use of null vectors. Then we present a purely algebraic proof that is somewhat shorter. Both proofs rely on the properties of Gaussian integers. Keywords:Lorentz transformation, integer lattice, Gaussian integersCategories:22E43, 20H99, 83A05

50. CMB 2015 (vol 58 pp. 818)

Llibre, Jaume; Zhang, Xiang
 On the Limit Cycles of Linear Differential Systems with Homogeneous Nonlinearities We consider the class of polynomial differential systems of the form $\dot x= \lambda x-y+P_n(x,y)$, $\dot y=x+\lambda y+ Q_n(x,y),$ where $P_n$ and $Q_n$ are homogeneous polynomials of degree $n$. For this class of differential systems we summarize the known results for the existence of limit cycles, and we provide new results for their nonexistence and existence. Keywords:polynomial differential system, limit cycles, differential equations on the cylinderCategories:34C35, 34D30
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