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1. CMB Online first

Jiang, Chunlan; Shi, Rui
 On the uniqueness of Jordan canonical form decompositions of operators by $K$-theoretical data In this paper, we develop a generalized Jordan canonical form theorem for a certain class of operators in $\mathcal {L}(\mathcal {H})$. A complete criterion for similarity for this class of operators in terms of $K$-theory for Banach algebras is given. Keywords:strongly irreducible operator, similarity invariant, reduction theory of von Neumann algebras, $K$-theoryCategories:47A15, 47C15, 47A65

2. CMB Online first

Beardon, Alan F.
 Non-discrete frieze groups The classification of Euclidean frieze groups into seven conjugacy classes is well known, and many articles on recreational mathematics contain frieze patterns that illustrate these classes. However, it is only possible to draw these patterns because the subgroup of translations that leave the pattern invariant is (by definition) cyclic, and hence discrete. In this paper we classify the conjugacy classes of frieze groups that contain a non-discrete subgroup of translations, and clearly these groups cannot be represented pictorially in any practical way. In addition, this discussion sheds light on why there are only seven conjugacy classes in the classical case. Keywords:frieze groups, isometry groupsCategories:51M04, 51N30, 20E45

3. CMB Online first

Martínez-Pedroza, Eduardo
 A note on fine graphs and homological isoperimetric inequalities In the framework of homological characterizations of relative hyperbolicity, Groves and Manning posed the question of whether a simply connected $2$-complex $X$ with a linear homological isoperimetric inequality, a bound on the length of attaching maps of $2$-cells and finitely many $2$-cells adjacent to any edge must have a fine $1$-skeleton. We provide a positive answer to this question. We revisit a homological characterization of relative hyperbolicity, and show that a group $G$ is hyperbolic relative to a collection of subgroups $\mathcal P$ if and only if $G$ acts cocompactly with finite edge stabilizers on an connected $2$-dimensional cell complex with a linear homological isoperimetric inequality and $\mathcal P$ is a collection of representatives of conjugacy classes of vertex stabilizers. Keywords:isoperimetric functions, Dehn functions, hyperbolic groupsCategories:20F67, 05C10, 20J05, 57M60

4. CMB Online first

Yao, Hongliang
 On Extensions of Stably Finite C-Algebras (II) For any $C^*$-algebra $A$ with an approximate unit of projections, there is a smallest ideal $I$ of $A$ such that the quotient $A/I$ is stably finite. In this paper, a sufficient and necessary condition is obtained for an ideal of a $C^*$-algebra with real rank zero is this smallest ideal by $K$-theory. Keywords:extension, stably finite C*-algebra, index mapCategories:46L05, 46L80

5. CMB Online first

Llibre, Jaume; Zhang, Xiang
 On the limit cycles of linear differential systems with homogeneous nonlinearities We consider the class of polynomial differential systems of the form $\dot x= \lambda x-y+P_n(x,y)$, $\dot y=x+\lambda y+ Q_n(x,y),$ where $P_n$ and $Q_n$ are homogeneous polynomials of degree $n$. For this class of differential systems we summarize the known results for the existence of limit cycles, and we provide new results for their nonexistence and existence. Keywords:polynomial differential system, limit cycles, differential equations on the cylinderCategories:34C35, 34D30

6. CMB Online first

Rajaee, Saeed
 Quasi-copure submodules All rings are commutative with identity and all modules are unital. In this paper we introduce the concept of quasi-copure submodule of a multiplication $R$-module $M$ and will give some results of them. We give some properties of tensor product of finitely generated faithful multiplication modules. Keywords:multiplication module, arithmetical ring, copure submodule, radical of submodulesCategories:13A15, 13C05, 13C13, , 13C99

7. CMB Online first

Jensen, Gerd; Pommerenke, Christian
 Discrete space-time and Lorentz transformations Alfred Schild has established conditions that Lorentz transformations map world-vectors $(ct,x,y,z)$ with integer coordinates onto vectors of the same kind. The problem was dealt with in the context of tensor and spinor calculus. Due to Schild's number-theoretic arguments, the subject is also interesting when isolated from its physical background. The paper of Schild is not easy to understand. Therefore we first present a streamlined version of his proof which is based on the use of null vectors. Then we present a purely algebraic proof that is somewhat shorter. Both proofs rely on the properties of Gaussian integers. Keywords:Lorentz transformation, integer lattice, Gaussian integersCategories:22E43, 20H99, 83A05

8. CMB Online first

Kong, Qingjun; Guo, Xiuyun
 On $s$-semipermutable or $s$-quasinormally embedded subgroups of finite groups Suppose that $G$ is a finite group and $H$ is a subgroup of $G$. $H$ is said to be $s$-semipermutable in $G$ if $HG_{p}=G_{p}H$ for any Sylow $p$-subgroup $G_{p}$ of $G$ with $(p,|H|)=1$; $H$ is said to be $s$-quasinormally embedded in $G$ if for each prime $p$ dividing the order of $H$, a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $H$ is also a Sylow $p$-subgroup of some $s$-quasinormal subgroup of $G$. We fix in every non-cyclic Sylow subgroup $P$ of $G$ some subgroup $D$ satisfying $1\lt |D|\lt |P|$ and study the structure of $G$ under the assumption that every subgroup $H$ of $P$ with $|H|=|D|$ is either $s$-semipermutable or $s$-quasinormally embedded in $G$. Some recent results are generalized and unified. Keywords:$s$-semipermutable subgroup, $s$-quasinormally embedded subgroup, saturated formation.Categories:20D10, 20D20

9. CMB Online first

Benamar, H.; Chandoul, A.; Mkaouar, M.
 On the continued fraction expansion of fixed period in finite fields The Chowla conjecture states that, if $t$ is any given positive integer, there are infinitely many prime positive integers $N$ such that $\operatorname{Per} (\sqrt{N})=t$, where $\operatorname{Per} (\sqrt{N})$ is the period length of the continued fraction expansion for $\sqrt{N}$. C. Friesen proved that, for any $k\in \mathbb{N}$, there are infinitely many square-free integers $N$, where the continued fraction expansion of $\sqrt{N}$ has a fixed period. In this paper, we describe all polynomials $Q\in \mathbb{F}_q[X]$ for which the continued fraction expansion of $\sqrt {Q}$ has a fixed period, also we give a lower bound of the number of monic, non-squares polynomials $Q$ such that $\deg Q= 2d$ and $Per \sqrt {Q}=t$. Keywords:continued fractions, polynomials, formal power seriesCategories:11A55, 13J05

10. CMB Online first

Gao, Zenghui
 Homological Properties Relative to Injectively Resolving Subcategories Let $\mathcal{E}$ be an injectively resolving subcategory of left $R$-modules. A left $R$-module $M$ (resp. right $R$-module $N$) is called $\mathcal{E}$-injective (resp. $\mathcal{E}$-flat) if $\operatorname{Ext}_R^1(G,M)=0$ (resp. $\operatorname{Tor}_1^R(N,G)=0$) for any $G\in\mathcal{E}$. Let $\mathcal{E}$ be a covering subcategory. We prove that a left $R$-module $M$ is $\mathcal{E}$-injective if and only if $M$ is a direct sum of an injective left $R$-module and a reduced $\mathcal{E}$-injective left $R$-module. Suppose $\mathcal{F}$ is a preenveloping subcategory of right $R$-modules such that $\mathcal{E}^+\subseteq\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{F}^+\subseteq\mathcal{E}$. It is shown that a finitely presented right $R$-module $M$ is $\mathcal{E}$-flat if and only if $M$ is a cokernel of an $\mathcal{F}$-preenvelope of a right $R$-module. In addition, we introduce and investigate the $\mathcal{E}$-injective and $\mathcal{E}$-flat dimensions of modules and rings. We also introduce $\mathcal{E}$-(semi)hereditary rings and $\mathcal{E}$-von Neumann regular rings and characterize them in terms of $\mathcal{E}$-injective and $\mathcal{E}$-flat modules. Keywords:injectively resolving subcategory, \mathcal{E}-injective module (dimension), \mathcal{E}-flat module (dimension), cover, preenvelope, \mathcal{E}-(semi)hereditary ringCategories:16E30, 16E10, 16E60

11. CMB Online first

He, Ziyi; Yang, Dachun; Yuan, Wen
 Littlewood-Paley Characterizations of Second-Order Sobolev Spaces via Averages on Balls In this paper, the authors characterize second-order Sobolev spaces $W^{2,p}({\mathbb R}^n)$, with $p\in [2,\infty)$ and $n\in\mathbb N$ or $p\in (1,2)$ and $n\in\{1,2,3\}$, via the Lusin area function and the Littlewood-Paley $g_\lambda^\ast$-function in terms of ball means. Keywords:Sobolev space, ball means, Lusin-area function, $g_\lambda^*$-functionCategories:46E35, 42B25, 42B20, 42B35

12. CMB Online first

Atıcı, Ferhan M.; Yaldız, Hatice
 Convex Functions on Discrete Time Domains In this paper, we introduce the definition of a convex real valued function $f$ defined on the set of integers, ${\mathbb{Z}}$. We prove that $f$ is convex on ${\mathbb{Z}}$ if and only if $\Delta^{2}f \geq 0$ on ${\mathbb{Z}}$. As a first application of this new concept, we state and prove discrete Hermite-Hadamard inequality using the basics of discrete calculus (i.e. the calculus on ${\mathbb{Z}}$). Second, we state and prove the discrete fractional Hermite-Hadamard inequality using the basics of discrete fractional calculus. We close the paper by defining the convexity of a real valued function on any time scale. Keywords:discrete calculus, discrete fractional calculus, convex functions, discrete Hermite-Hadamard inequalityCategories:26B25, 26A33, 39A12, 39A70, 26E70, 26D07, 26D10, 26D15

13. CMB Online first

Luo, Xiu-Hua
 Exact Morphism category and Gorenstein-projective representations Let $Q$ be a finite acyclic quiver, $J$ be an ideal of $kQ$ generated by all arrows in $Q$, $A$ be a finite-dimensional $k$-algebra. The category of all finite-dimensional representations of $(Q, J^2)$ over $A$ is denoted by $\operatorname{rep}(Q, J^2, A)$. In this paper, we introduce the category $\operatorname{exa}(Q,J^2,A)$, which is a subcategory of $\operatorname{rep}{}(Q,J^2,A)$ of all exact representations. The main result of this paper explicitly describes the Gorenstein-projective representations in $\operatorname{rep}{}(Q,J^2,A)$, via the exact representations plus an extra condition. As a corollary, $A$ is a self-injective algebra, if and only if the Gorenstein-projective representations are exactly the exact representations of $(Q, J^2)$ over $A$. Keywords:representations of a quiver over an algebra, exact representations, Gorenstein-projective modulesCategory:18G25

14. CMB Online first

Li, Dan; Ma, Wanbiao
 Dynamical Analysis of a Stage-Structured Model for Lyme Disease with two delays In this paper, a nonlinear stage-structured model for Lyme disease is considered. The model is a system of differential equations with two time delays. The basic reproductive rate, $R_0(\tau_1,\tau_2)$, is derived. If $R_0(\tau_1,\tau_2)\lt 1$, then the boundary equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. If $R_0(\tau_1,\tau_2)\gt 1$, then there exists a unique positive equilibrium whose local asymptotical stability and the existence of Hopf bifurcations are established by analyzing the distribution of the characteristic values. An explicit algorithm for determining the direction of Hopf bifurcations and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions is derived by using the normal form and the center manifold theory. Some numerical simulations are performed to confirm the correctness of theoretical analysis. At last, some conclusions are given. Keywords:Lyme disease, stage-structure, time delay, Lyapunov functional stability Hopf bifurcation.Category:34D20

15. CMB Online first

Gasiński, Leszek; Papageorgiou, Nikolaos S.
 Positive solutions for the generalized nonlinear logistic equations We consider a nonlinear parametric elliptic equation driven by a nonhomogeneous differential operator with a logistic reaction of the superdiffusive type. Using variational methods coupled with suitable truncation and comparison techniques, we prove a bifurcation type result describing the set of positive solutions as the parameter varies. Keywords:positive solution, bifurcation type result, strong comparison principle, nonlinear regularity, nonlinear maximum principleCategories:35J25, 35J92

16. CMB Online first

Achter, Jeffrey; Williams, Cassandra
 Local Heuristics and an Exact Formula for Abelian Surfaces Over Finite Fields Consider a quartic $q$-Weil polynomial $f$. Motivated by equidistribution considerations, we define, for each prime $\ell$, a local factor that measures the relative frequency with which $f\bmod \ell$ occurs as the characteristic polynomial of a symplectic similitude over $\mathbb{F}_\ell$. For a certain class of polynomials, we show that the resulting infinite product calculates the number of principally polarized abelian surfaces over $\mathbb{F}_q$ with Weil polynomial $f$. Keywords:abelian surfaces, finite fields, random matricesCategory:14K02

17. CMB Online first

Hanson, Brandon
 Character sums over Bohr sets We prove character sum estimates for additive Bohr subsets modulo a prime. These estimates are analogous to classical character sum bounds of PÃ³lya-Vinogradov and Burgess. These estimates are applied to obtain results on recurrence mod $p$ by special elements. Keywords:character sums, Bohr sets, finite fieldsCategories:11L40, 11T24, 11T23

18. CMB Online first

Zaatra, Mohamed
 Generating some symmetric semi-classical orthogonal polynomials We show that if $v$ is a regular semi-classical form (linear functional), then the symmetric form $u$ defined by the relation $x^{2}\sigma u = -\lambda v$, where $(\sigma f)(x)=f(x^{2})$ and the odd moments of $u$ are $0$, is also regular and semi-classical form for every complex $\lambda$ except for a discrete set of numbers depending on $v$. We give explicitly the three-term recurrence relation and the structure relation coefficients of the orthogonal polynomials sequence associated with $u$ and the class of the form $u$ knowing that of $v$. We conclude with an illustrative example. Keywords:orthogonal polynomials, quadratic decomposition, semi-classical forms, structure relationCategories:33C45, 42C05

19. CMB Online first

Laterveer, Robert
 A brief note concerning hard Lefschetz for Chow groups We formulate a conjectural hard Lefschetz property for Chow groups, and prove this in some special cases: roughly speaking, for varieties with finite-dimensional motive, and for varieties whose self-product has vanishing middle-dimensional Griffiths group. An appendix includes related statements that follow from results of Vial. Keywords:algebraic cycles, Chow groups, finite-dimensional motivesCategories:14C15, 14C25, 14C30

20. CMB Online first

Totik, Vilmos
 Universality under SzegÅ's condition This paper presents a theorem on universality on orthogonal polynomials/random matrices under a weak local condition on the weight function $w$. With a new inequality for polynomials and with the use of fast decreasing polynomials, it is shown that an approach of D. S. Lubinsky is applicable. The proof works at all points which are Lebesgue-points both for the weight function $w$ and for $\log w$. Keywords:universality, random matrices, Christoffel functions, asymptotics, potential theoryCategories:42C05, 60B20, 30C85, 31A15

21. CMB Online first

de Dios Pérez, Juan; Suh, Young Jin; Woo, Changhwa
 Real Hypersurfaces in Complex Two-Plane Grassmannians with GTW Harmonic Curvature We prove the non-existence of Hopf real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians with harmonic curvature with respect to the generalized Tanaka-Webster connection if they satisfy some further conditions. Keywords:real hypersurfaces, complex two-plane Grassmannians, Hopf hypersurface, generalized Tanaka-Webster connection, harmonic curvatureCategories:53C40, 53C15

22. CMB Online first

Aulaskari, Rauno; Chen, Huaihui
 On classes $Q_p^\#$ for hyperbolic Riemann surfaces The $Q_p$ spaces of holomorphic functions on the disk, hyperbolic Riemann surfaces or complex unit ball have been studied deeply. Meanwhile, there are a lot of papers devoted to the $Q^\#_p$ classes of meromorphic functions on the disk or hyperbolic Riemann surfaces. In this paper, we prove the nesting property (inclusion relations) of $Q^\#_p$ classes on hyperbolic Riemann surfaces. The same property for $Q_p$ spaces was also established systematically and precisely in earlier work by the authors of this paper. Keywords:$Q_p^\#$ class, hyperbolic Riemann surface, spherical Dirichlet function,Categories:30D50, 30F35

23. CMB Online first

Kitabeppu, Yu; Lakzian, Sajjad
 Non-branching RCD$(0,N)$ Geodesic Spaces with Small Linear Diameter Growth have Finitely Generated Fundamental Groups In this paper, we generalize the finite generation result of Sormani to non-branching $RCD(0,N)$ geodesic spaces (and in particular, Alexandrov spaces) with full support measures. This is a special case of the Milnor's Conjecture for complete non-compact $RCD(0,N)$ spaces. One of the key tools we use is the Abresch-Gromoll type excess estimates for non-smooth spaces obtained by Gigli-Mosconi. Keywords:Milnor conjecture, non negative Ricci curvature, curvature dimension condition, finitely generated, fundamental group, infinitesimally HilbertianCategories:53C23, 30L99

24. CMB Online first

Williams, Kenneth S.
 Ternary quadratic forms and eta quotients Let $\eta(z)$ $(z \in \mathbb{C},\;\operatorname{Im}(z)\gt 0)$ denote the Dedekind eta function. We use a recent product-to-sum formula in conjunction with conditions for the non-representability of integers by certain ternary quadratic forms to give explicitly 10 eta quotients $f(z):=\eta^{a(m_1)}(m_1 z)\cdots \eta^{{a(m_r)}}(m_r z)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}c(n)e^{2\pi i nz},\quad z \in \mathbb{C},\;\operatorname{Im}(z)\gt 0,$ such that the Fourier coefficients $c(n)$ vanish for all positive integers $n$ in each of infinitely many non-overlapping arithmetic progressions. For example, it is shown that for $f(z)=\eta^4(z)\eta^{9}(4z)\eta^{-2}(8z)$ we have $c(n)=0$ for all $n$ in each of the arithmetic progressions $\{16k+14\}_{k \geq 0}$, $\{64k+56\}_{k \geq 0}$, $\{256k+224\}_{k \geq 0}$, $\{1024k+896\}_{k \geq 0}$, $\ldots$. Keywords:Dedekind eta function, eta quotient, ternary quadratic forms, vanishing of Fourier coefficients, product-to-sum formulaCategories:11F20, 11E20, 11E25

25. CMB Online first

Hu, Pei-Chu; Li, Bao Qin
 A simple proof and strengthening of a uniqueness theorem for L-functions We give a simple proof and strengthening of a uniqueness theorem for functions in the extended Selberg class. Keywords:meromorphic function, Dirichlet series, L-function, zero, order, uniquenessCategories:30B50, 11M41
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