In this paper, a fixed point equation of the compound-exponential type distributions is derived, and under some regular conditions, both the existence and uniqueness of this fixed point equation are investigated. A question posed by Pitman and Yor can be partially answered by using our approach.

$L_p$ stability and exponential stability are two important concepts for nonlinear dynamic systems. In this paper, we prove that a nonlinear exponentially bounded Lipschitzian semigroup is exponentially stable if and only if the semigroup is $L_p$ stable for some $p>0$. Based on the equivalence, we derive two sufficient conditions for exponential stability of the nonlinear semigroup. The results obtained extend and improve some existing ones.

We generalize Löwner's method for proving that matrix monotone functions are operator monotone. The relation $x\leq y$ on bounded operators is our model for a definition of $C^{*}$-relations being residually finite dimensional. Our main result is a meta-theorem about theorems involving relations on bounded operators. If we can show there are residually finite dimensional relations involved and verify a technical condition, then such a theorem will follow from its restriction to matrices. Applications are shown regarding norms of exponentials, the norms of commutators, and "positive" noncommutative $*$-polynomials.

We establish a discrete-time criteria guaranteeing the existence of an exponential dichotomy in the continuous-time behavior of an abstract evolution family. We prove that an evolution family ${\cal U}=\{U(t,s)\}_{t \geq s\geq 0}$ acting on a Banach space $X$ is uniformly exponentially dichotomic (with respect to its continuous-time behavior) if and only if the corresponding difference equation with the inhomogeneous term from a vector-valued Orlicz sequence space $l^\Phi(\mathbb{N}, X)$ admits a solution in the same $l^\Phi(\mathbb{N},X)$. The technique of proof effectively eliminates the continuity hypothesis on the evolution family (\emph{i.e.,} we do not assume that $U(\,\cdot\,,s)x$ or $U(t,\,\cdot\,)x$ is continuous on $[s,\infty)$, and respectively $[0,t]$). Thus, some known results given by Coffman and Schaffer, Perron, and Ta Li are extended.

Two theorems regarding the asymptotic behavior of evolution families are established in terms of the solutions of a certain Lyapunov operator equation.

We establish sufficient conditions on the weight functions $u$ and $v$ for the validity of the multidimensional weighted inequality $$ \Bigl(\int_E \Phi(T_k f(x))^q u(x)\,dx\Bigr)^{1/q} \le C \Bigl (\int_E \Phi(f(x))^p v(x)\,dx\Bigr )^{1/p}, $$ where 0<$p$, $q$<$\infty$, $\Phi$ is a logarithmically convex function, and $T_k$ is an integral operator over star-shaped regions. The condition is also necessary for the exponential integral inequality. Moreover, the estimation of $C$ is given and we apply the obtained results to generalize some multidimensional Levin--Cochran-Lee type inequalities.

For an integer $n$, let $d(n)$ denote the ordinary divisor function. This paper studies the asymptotic behavior of the sum $$ S(x) := \sum_{m\leq x, n\leq x} d(m^2 + n^2). $$ It is proved in the paper that, as $x \to \infty$, $$ S(x) := A_1 x^2 \log x + A_2 x^2 + O_\epsilon (x^{\frac32 + \epsilon}), $$ where $A_1$ and $A_2$ are certain constants and $\epsilon$ is any fixed positive real number. The result corrects a false formula given in a paper of Gafurov concerning the same problem, and improves the error $O \bigl( x^{\frac53} (\log x)^9 \bigr)$ claimed by Gafurov.

It is well known that the compactly supported wavelets cannot belong to the class $C^\infty({\bf R})\cap L^2({\bf R})$. This is also true for wavelets with exponential decay. We show that one can construct wavelets in the class $C^\infty({\bf R})\cap L^2({\bf R})$ that are ``almost'' of exponential decay and, moreover, they are band-limited. We do this by showing that we can adapt the construction of the Lemari\'e-Meyer wavelets \cite{LM} that is found in \cite{BSW} so that we obtain band-limited, $C^\infty$-wavelets on $\bf R$ that have subexponential decay, that is, for every $0<\varepsilon<1$, there exits $C_\varepsilon>0$ such that $|\psi(x)|\leq C_\varepsilon e^{-|x|^{1-\varepsilon}}$, $x\in\bf R$. Moreover, all of its derivatives have also subexponential decay. The proof is constructive and uses the Gevrey classes of functions.

We discuss the $q$-exponential functions $e_q$, $E_q$ for $q$ on the unit circle, especially their continuity in $q$, and analogues of the limit relation $ \lim_{q\rightarrow 1}e_q((1-q)z)=e^z$.