ny homogeneous, metric $ANR$-continuum is a $V^n_G$-continuum provided $\dim_GX=n\geq 1$ and $\check{H}^n(X;G)\neq 0$, where $G$ is a principal ideal domain. This implies that any homogeneous $n$-dimensional metric $ANR$-continuum is a $V^n$-continuum in the sense of Alexandroff. We also prove that any finite-dimensional homogeneous metric continuum $X$, satisfying $\check{H}^n(X;G)\neq 0$ for some group $G$ and $n\geq 1$, cannot be separated by a compactum $K$ with $\check{H}^{n-1}(K;G)=0$ and $\dim_G K\leq n-1$. This provides a partial answer to a question of Kallipoliti-Papasoglu whether any two-dimensional homogeneous Peano continuum cannot be separated by arcs.

Let $M$ be a finite module over a commutative noetherian ring $R$. For ideals $\mathfrak{a}$ and $\mathfrak{b}$ of $R$, the relations between cohomological dimensions of $M$ with respect to $\mathfrak{a}, \mathfrak{b}$, $\mathfrak{a}\cap\mathfrak{b}$ and $\mathfrak{a}+ \mathfrak{b}$ are studied. When $R$ is local, it is shown that $M$ is generalized Cohen-Macaulay if there exists an ideal $\mathfrak{a}$ such that all local cohomology modules of $M$ with respect to $\mathfrak{a}$ have finite lengths. Also, when $r$ is an integer such that $0\leq r< \dim_R(M)$, any maximal element $\mathfrak{q}$ of the non-empty set of ideals $\{\mathfrak{a} : \textrm{H}_\mathfrak{a}^i(M) $ is not artinian for some $ i, i\geq r \}$ is a prime ideal, and all Bass numbers of $\textrm{H}_\mathfrak{q}^i(M)$ are finite for all $i\geq r$.

Let $p$ be a prime and $F$ a field containing a primitive $p$-th root of unity. Then for $n\in \N$, the cohomological dimension of the maximal pro-$p$-quotient $G$ of the absolute Galois group of $F$ is at most $n$ if and only if the corestriction maps $H^n(H,\Fp) \to H^n(G,\Fp)$ are surjective for all open subgroups $H$ of index $p$. Using this result, we generalize Schreier's formula for $\dim_{\Fp} H^1(H,\Fp)$ to $\dim_{\Fp} H^n(H,\Fp)$.

We show that every compactum has cohomological dimension $1$ with respect to a finitely generated nilpotent group $G$ whenever it has cohomological dimension $1$ with respect to the abelianization of $G$. This is applied to the extension theory to obtain a cohomological dimension theory condition for a finite-dimensional compactum $X$ for extendability of every map from a closed subset of $X$ into a nilpotent $\CW$-complex $M$ with finitely generated homotopy groups over all of $X$.

Applying the Sullivan conjecture we construct compacta of certain cohomological and extensional dimensions.