We study an even order system boundary value problem with periodic boundary conditions. By establishing the existence of a positive eigenvalue of an associated linear system Sturm-Liouville problem, we obtain new conditions for the boundary value problem to have a positive solution. Our major tools are the Krein-Rutman theorem for linear spectra and the fixed point index theory for compact operators.

For the $n$-th order nonlinear differential equation, $y^{(n)} = f(x, y, y', \dots, y^{(n-1)})$, we consider uniqueness implies uniqueness and existence results for solutions satisfying certain $(k+j)$-point boundary conditions for $1\le j \le n-1$ and $1\leq k \leq n-j$. We define $(k;j)$-point unique solvability in analogy to $k$-point disconjugacy and we show that $(n-j_{0};j_{0})$-point unique solvability implies $(k;j)$-point unique solvability for $1\le j \le j_{0}$, and $1\leq k \leq n-j$. This result is analogous to $n$-point disconjugacy implies $k$-point disconjugacy for $2\le k\le n-1$.

We study a semilinear elliptic problem on a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary, subject to an inhomogeneous Neumann boundary condition. Under various hypotheses on the nonlinear terms, depending on their behaviour in the origin and infinity, we prove multiplicity of solutions by using variational arguments.

In this paper we shall discuss nonlinear multipoint boundary value problems for second order differential equations when deviating arguments depend on the unknown solution. Sufficient conditions under which such problems have extremal and quasi-solutions are given. The problem of when a unique solution exists is also investigated. To obtain existence results, a monotone iterative technique is used. Two examples are added to verify theoretical results.

This paper is concerned with the boundary behavior of solutions of the Helmholtz equation in $\mathbb{R}^\di$. In particular, we give a Littlewood-type theorem to show that the approach region introduced by Kor\'anyi and Taylor (1983) is best possible.

The well-known Falkner--Skan equation is one of the most important equations in laminar boundary layer theory and is used to describe the steady two-dimensional flow of a slightly viscous incompressible fluid past wedge shaped bodies of angles related to $\lambda\pi/2$, where $\lambda\in \mathbb R$ is a parameter involved in the equation. It is known that there exists $\lambda^{*}<0$ such that the equation with suitable boundary conditions has at least one positive solution for each $\lambda\ge \lambda^{*}$ and has no positive solutions for $\lambda<\lambda^{*}$. The known numerical result shows $\lambda^{*}=-0.1988$. In this paper, $\lambda^{*}\in [-0.4,-0.12]$ is proved analytically by establishing a singular integral equation which is equivalent to the Falkner--Skan equation. The equivalence result provides new techniques to study properties and existence of solutions of the Falkner--Skan equation.

In this paper we study the best constant of the Sobolev trace embedding $H^{1}(\Omega)\to L^{2}(\partial\Omega)$, where $\Omega$ is a bounded smooth domain in $\RR^N$. We find a formula for the first variation of the best constant with respect to the domain. As a consequence, we prove that the ball is a critical domain when we consider deformations that preserve volume.

For $p>0$ and for a given set $E$ of type $G_{\delta}$ in the boundary of the unit disc $\partial\mathbb D$ we construct a holomorphic function $f\in\mathbb O(\mathbb D)$ such that \[ \int_{\mathbb D\setminus[0,1]E}|ft|^{p}\,d\mathfrak{L}^{2}<\infty\] and\[ E=E^{p}(f)=\Bigl\{ z\in\partial\mathbb D:\int_{0}^{1}|f(tz)|^{p}\,dt=\infty\Bigr\} .\] In particular if a set $E$ has a measure equal to zero, then a function $f$ is constructed as integrable with power $p$ on the unit disc $\mathbb D$.

Assume that $\Omega$ is a Hartogs domain in $\mathbb{C}^{1+n}$, defined as $\Omega=\{(z,w)\in\mathbb{C}^{1+n}:|z|<\mu(w),w\in H\}$, where $H$ is an open set in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ and $\mu$ is a continuous function with positive values in $H$ such that $-\ln\mu$ is a strongly plurisubharmonic function in $H$. Let $\Omega_{w}=\Omega\cap(\mathbb{C}\times\{w\})$. For a given set $E$ contained in $H$ of the type $G_{\delta}$ we construct a holomorphic function $f\in\mathbb{O}(\Omega)$ such that \[ E=\Bigl\{ w\in\mathbb{C}^{n}:\int_{\Omega_{w}}|f(\cdot\,,w)|^{2}\,d\mathfrak{L}^{2}=\infty\Bigr\}. \]

A space $X$ is a $D$-space if, for every neighborhood assignment $f$ there is a closed discrete set $D$ such that $\bigcup{f(D)}=X$. In this paper we give some necessary conditions and some sufficient conditions for a resolution of a topological space to be a $D$-space. In particular, if a space $X$ is resolved at each $x\in X$ into a $D$-space $Y_x$ by continuous mappings $f_x\colon X-\{{x}\} \rightarrow Y_x$, then the resolution is a $D$-space if and only if $\bigcup{\{{x}\}}\times \Bd(Y_x)$ is a $D$-space.