Let $\M$ be a type II$_1$ von Neumann algebra, $\tau$ a trace in $\M$, and $\l2$ the GNS Hilbert space of $\tau$. We regard the unitary group $U_\M$ as a subset of $\l2$ and characterize the shortest smooth curves joining two fixed unitaries in the $L^2$ metric. As a consequence of this we obtain that $U_\M$, though a complete (metric) topological group, is not an embedded riemannian submanifold of $\l2$

A partial differential equation, the local M\"obius equation, is introduced in Riemannian geometry which completely characterizes the local twisted product structure of a Riemannian manifold. Also the characterizations of warped product and product structures of Riemannian manifolds are made by the local M\"obius equation and an additional partial differential equation.