Given a group automorphism $\phi:\Gamma\longrightarrow \Gamma$, one has an action of $\Gamma$ on itself by $\phi$-twisted conjugacy, namely, $g.x=gx\phi(g^{-1})$. The orbits of this action are called $\phi$-twisted conjugacy classes. One says that $\Gamma$ has the $R_\infty$-property if there are infinitely many $\phi$-twisted conjugacy classes for every automorphism $\phi$ of $\Gamma$. In this paper we show that $\operatorname{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z})$ and its congruence subgroups have the $R_\infty$-property. Further we show that any (countable) abelian extension of $\Gamma$ has the $R_\infty$-property where $\Gamma$ is a torsion free non-elementary hyperbolic group, or $\operatorname{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z}), \operatorname{Sp}(2n,\mathbb{Z})$ or a principal congruence subgroup of $\operatorname{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z})$ or the fundamental group of a complete Riemannian manifold of constant negative curvature.

In this paper we study left invariant Einstein-Randers metrics on compact Lie groups. First, we give a method to construct left invariant non-Riemannian Einstein-Randers metrics on a compact Lie group, using the Zermelo navigation data. Then we prove that this gives a complete classification of left invariant Einstein-Randers metrics on compact simple Lie groups with the underlying Riemannian metric naturally reductive. Further, we completely determine the identity component of the group of isometries for this type of metrics on simple groups. Finally, we study some geometric properties of such metrics. In particular, we give the formulae of geodesics and flag curvature of such metrics.

Exponent information is proven about the Lie groups $SU(3)$, $SU(4)$, $Sp(2)$, and $G_2$ by showing some power of the $H$-space squaring map (on a suitably looped connected-cover) is null homotopic. The upper bounds obtained are $8$, $32$, $64$, and $2^8$ respectively. This null homotopy is best possible for $SU(3)$ given the number of loops, off by at most one power of~$2$ for $SU(4)$ and $Sp(2)$, and off by at most two powers of $2$ for $G_2$.