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1. CMB 2011 (vol 55 pp. 378)
| On Modules Whose Proper Homomorphic Images Are of Smaller Cardinality Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity, and let $M$ be a
unitary module over $R$. We call $M$ H-smaller (HS for short) if and only if
$M$ is infinite and $|M/N|<|M|$ for every nonzero submodule $N$ of
$M$. After a brief introduction, we show that there exist nontrivial
examples of HS modules of arbitrarily large cardinality over
Noetherian and non-Noetherian domains. We then prove the following
result: suppose $M$ is faithful over $R$, $R$ is a domain (we will
show that we can restrict to this case without loss of generality),
and $K$ is the quotient field of $R$. If $M$ is HS over $R$, then
$R$ is HS as a module over itself, $R\subseteq M\subseteq K$, and
there exists a generating set $S$ for $M$ over $R$ with $|S|<|R|$.
We use this result to generalize a problem posed by Kaplansky and
conclude the paper by answering an open question on Jónsson
modules.
Keywords:Noetherian ring, residually finite ring, cardinal number, continuum hypothesis, valuation ring, Jónsson module Categories:13A99, 13C05, 13E05, 03E50 |

