Given an integer $n \geq 3$, a metrizable compact topological $n$-manifold $X$ with boundary, and a finite positive Borel measure $\mu$ on $X$, we prove that for the typical homeomorphism $f \colon X \to X$, it is true that for $\mu$-almost every point $x$ in $X$ the limit set $\omega(f,x)$ is a Cantor set of Hausdorff dimension zero, each point of $\omega(f,x)$ has a dense orbit in $\omega(f,x)$, $f$ is non-sensitive at each point of $\omega(f,x)$, and the function $a \to \omega(f,a)$ is continuous at $x$.

Let $v$ be a Henselian Krull valuation of a field $K$. In this paper, the authors give some necessary and sufficient conditions for a finite simple extension of $(K,v)$ to be defectless. Various characterizations of algebraically maximal valued fields are also given which lead to a new proof of a result proved by Yu. L. Ershov.

In this note we study the convergence of sequences of Monge-Ampère measures $\{(dd^cu_s)^n\}$, where $\{u_s\}$ is a given sequence of plurisubharmonic functions, converging in capacity.

The paper describes entire solutions to the eiconal type non-linear partial differential equations, which include the eiconal equations $(X_1(u))^2+(X_2(u))^2=1$ as special cases, where $X_1=p_1{\partial}/{\partial z_1}+p_2{\partial}/{\partial z_2}$, $X_2=p_3{\partial}/{\partial z_1}+p_4{\partial}/{\partial z_2}$ are linearly independent operators with $p_j$ being arbitrary polynomials in $\mathbf{C}^2$.

Recently, Beattie, Bulacu ,and Torrecillas proved Radford's formula for the fourth power of the antipode for a co-Frobenius Hopf algebra. In this note, we show that this formula can be proved for any regular multiplier Hopf algebra with integrals (algebraic quantum groups). This, of course, not only includes the case of a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra, but also that of any Hopf algebra with integrals (co-Frobenius Hopf algebras). Moreover, it turns out that the proof in this more general situation, in fact, follows in a few lines from well-known formulas obtained earlier in the theory of regular multiplier Hopf algebras with integrals. We discuss these formulas and their importance in this theory. We also mention their generalizations, in particular to the (in a certain sense) more general theory of locally compact quantum groups. Doing so, and also because the proof of the main result itself is very short, the present note becomes largely of an expository nature.

Let $F$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and let $A$ be an associative unitary $F$-algebra graded by a group of prime order. We prove that if $A$ is finite dimensional then the graded exponent of $A$ exists and is an integer.

For the $n$-th order nonlinear differential equation, $y^{(n)} = f(x, y, y', \dots, y^{(n-1)})$, we consider uniqueness implies uniqueness and existence results for solutions satisfying certain $(k+j)$-point boundary conditions for $1\le j \le n-1$ and $1\leq k \leq n-j$. We define $(k;j)$-point unique solvability in analogy to $k$-point disconjugacy and we show that $(n-j_{0};j_{0})$-point unique solvability implies $(k;j)$-point unique solvability for $1\le j \le j_{0}$, and $1\leq k \leq n-j$. This result is analogous to $n$-point disconjugacy implies $k$-point disconjugacy for $2\le k\le n-1$.

Following a similar result of Uspenskij on the unitary group of a separable Hilbert space, we show that, with respect to the lower (or Roelcke) uniform structure, the Polish group $G= \operatorname{Aut}(\mu)$ of automorphisms of an atomless standard Borel probability space $(X,\mu)$ is precompact. We identify the corresponding compactification as the space of Markov operators on $L_2(\mu)$ and deduce that the algebra of right and left uniformly continuous functions, the algebra of weakly almost periodic functions, and the algebra of Hilbert functions on $G$, i.e., functions on $G$ arising from unitary representations, all coincide. Again following Uspenskij, we also conclude that $G$ is totally minimal.

In this article, we establish a new atomic decomposition for $f\in L^2_w\cap H^p_w$, where the decomposition converges in $L^2_w$-norm rather than in the distribution sense. As applications of this decomposition, assuming that $T$ is a linear operator bounded on $L^2_w$ and $0<p\le 1$, we obtain (i) if $T$ is uniformly bounded in $L^p_w$-norm for all $w$-$p$-atoms, then $T$ can be extended to be bounded from $H^p_w$ to $L^p_w$; (ii) if $T$ is uniformly bounded in $H^p_w$-norm for all $w$-$p$-atoms, then $T$ can be extended to be bounded on $H^p_w$; (iii) if $T$ is bounded on $H^p_w$, then $T$ can be extended to be bounded from $H^p_w$ to $L^p_w$.

For a finite module $M$ over a local, equicharacteristic ring $(R,m)$, we show that the well-known formula $\textrm{cd}(m,M)=\dim M$ becomes trivial if ones uses Matlis duals of local cohomology modules together with spectral sequences. We also prove a new ring-theoretic vanishing criterion for local cohomology modules.

This note gives a simple cocycle-theoretic proof of the Verdier hypercovering theorem. This theorem approximates morphisms $[X,Y]$ in the homotopy category of simplicial sheaves or presheaves by simplicial homotopy classes of maps, in the case where $Y$ is locally fibrant. The statement proved in this paper is a generalization of the standard Verdier hypercovering result in that it is pointed (in a very broad sense) and there is no requirement for the source object $X$ to be locally fibrant.

A complex hyperbolic triangle group is a group generated by three involutions fixing complex lines in complex hyperbolic space. Our purpose in this paper is to improve a previous result and to discuss discreteness of complex hyperbolic triangle groups of type $(n,n,\infty;k)$.

We generalize Löwner's method for proving that matrix monotone functions are operator monotone. The relation $x\leq y$ on bounded operators is our model for a definition of $C^{*}$-relations being residually finite dimensional. Our main result is a meta-theorem about theorems involving relations on bounded operators. If we can show there are residually finite dimensional relations involved and verify a technical condition, then such a theorem will follow from its restriction to matrices. Applications are shown regarding norms of exponentials, the norms of commutators, and "positive" noncommutative $*$-polynomials.

An algebra $A$ is <em>homogeneous</em> if the automorphism group of $A$ acts transitively on the one-dimensional subspaces of $A$. The existence of homogeneous algebras depends critically on the choice of the scalar field. We examine the case where the scalar field is the rationals. We prove that if $A$ is a rational homogeneous algebra with $\operatorname{dim} A>1$, then $A^{2}=0$.

Various weighted $l_p$-norm inequalities in convolutions are derived by a simple and general principle whose $l_2$ version was obtained by using the theory of reproducing kernels. Applications to the Riemann zeta function and a difference equation are also considered.

We define and study the secondary Chern-Euler class for a general submanifold of a Riemannian manifold. Using this class, we define and study the index for a vector field with non-isolated singularities on a submanifold. As an application, we give conceptual proofs of a result of Chern.

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity, and let $M$ be a unitary module over $R$. We call $M$ H-smaller (HS for short) if and only if $M$ is infinite and $|M/N|<|M|$ for every nonzero submodule $N$ of $M$. After a brief introduction, we show that there exist nontrivial examples of HS modules of arbitrarily large cardinality over Noetherian and non-Noetherian domains. We then prove the following result: suppose $M$ is faithful over $R$, $R$ is a domain (we will show that we can restrict to this case without loss of generality), and $K$ is the quotient field of $R$. If $M$ is HS over $R$, then $R$ is HS as a module over itself, $R\subseteq M\subseteq K$, and there exists a generating set $S$ for $M$ over $R$ with $|S|<|R|$. We use this result to generalize a problem posed by Kaplansky and conclude the paper by answering an open question on Jónsson modules.

We determine the order of the automorphism group $\operatorname{Aut}(W)$ for each member $W$ of an important family of finite $p$-groups that may be constructed as iterated regular wreath products of cyclic groups. We use a method based on representation theory.

The purpose of this paper is to solve various differential equations having Eisenstein series as coefficients using various tools and techniques. The solutions are given in terms of modular forms, modular functions, and equivariant forms.

The notion of a maximally conditional sequence is introduced for sequences in a Banach space. It is then proved using Ramsey theory that every basic sequence in a Banach space has a subsequence which is either an unconditional basic sequence or a maximally conditional sequence. An apparently novel, purely combinatorial lemma in the spirit of Galvin's theorem is used in the proof. An alternative proof of the dichotomy result for sequences in Banach spaces is also sketched, using the Galvin-Prikry theorem.

Given a positive integer $n$, a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ of $q$ elements ($q$ odd), and a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form $B$ on $\mathbb{F}_q^n$, we determine the largest possible cardinality of pairwise $B$-orthogonal subsets $\mathcal{E} \subseteq \mathbb{F}_q^n$, that is, for any two vectors $\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y} \in \mathcal{E}$, one has $B (\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y}) = 0$.

We investigate the solutions of refinement equations of the form $$ \phi(x)=\sum_{\alpha\in\mathbb Z^s}a(\alpha)\:\phi(Mx-\alpha), $$ where the function $\phi$ is in $L_p(\mathbb R^s)$$(1\le p\le\infty)$, $a$ is an infinitely supported sequence on $\mathbb Z^s$ called a refinement mask, and $M$ is an $s\times s$ integer matrix such that $\lim_{n\to\infty}M^{-n}=0$. Associated with the mask $a$ and $M$ is a linear operator $Q_{a,M}$ defined on $L_p(\mathbb R^s)$ by $Q_{a,M} \phi_0:=\sum_{\alpha\in\mathbb Z^s}a(\alpha)\phi_0(M\cdot-\alpha)$. Main results of this paper are related to the convergence rates of $(Q_{a,M}^n \phi_0)_{n=1,2,\dots}$ in $L_p(\mathbb R^s)$ with mask $a$ being infinitely supported. It is proved that under some appropriate conditions on the initial function $\phi_0$, $Q_{a,M}^n \phi_0$ converges in $L_p(\mathbb R^s)$ with an exponential rate.

We consider the diophantine equation $x^2 + y^6 = z^e$, $e \geq 4$. We show that, when $e$ is a multiple of $4$ or $6$, this equation has no solutions in positive integers with $x$ and $y$ relatively prime. As a corollary, we show that there exists no primitive Pythagorean triangle one of whose leglengths is a perfect cube, while the hypotenuse length is an integer square.

While there is a large variety of univalently induced closed range composition operators on the Bloch space, we show that the only univalently induced, closed range, composition operators on the Bloch-type spaces $B^{\alpha}$ with $\alpha \ne 1$ are the ones induced by a disc automorphism.