Let $S$ be a subset of an amenable group $G$ such that $e\in S$ and $S^{-1}=S$. The main result of this paper states that if the Cayley graph of $G$ with respect to $S$ has a certain combinatorial property, then every positive definite operator-valued function on $S$ can be extended to a positive definite function on $G$. Several known extension results are obtained as corollaries. New applications are also presented.

The Kestelman--Borwein--Ditor Theorem, on embedding a null sequence by translation in (measure/category) ``large'' sets has two generalizations. Miller replaces the translated sequence by a ``sequence homotopic to the identity''. The authors, in a previous paper, replace points by functions: a uniform functional null sequence replaces the null sequence, and translation receives a functional form. We give a unified approach to results of this kind. In particular, we show that (i) Miller's homotopy version follows from the functional version, and (ii) the pointwise instance of the functional version follows from Miller's homotopy version.

Let $H$ be a separable, infinite-dimensional, complex Hilbert space and let $A, B\in{\mathcal L }(H)$, where ${\mathcal L}(H)$ is the algebra of all bounded linear operators on $H$. Let $\delta_{AB}\colon {\mathcal L}(H)\rightarrow {\mathcal L}(H)$ denote the generalized derivation $\delta_{AB}(X)=AX-XB$. This note will initiate a study on the class of pairs $(A,B)$ such that $\overline{{\mathcal R}(\delta_{AB})}= \overline{{\mathcal R}(\delta_{A^{\ast}B^{\ast}})}$.

The purpose of this paper is to show the existence of a generalized solution of the photon transport problem. By means of the theory of equicontinuous $C_{0}$-semigroup on a sequentially complete locally convex topological vector space we show that the perturbed abstract Cauchy problem has a unique solution when the perturbation operator and the forcing term function satisfy certain conditions. A consequence of the abstract result is that it can be directly applied to obtain a generalized solution of the photon transport problem.

Questions concerning the lengths of factorizations into irreducible elements in numerical monoids have gained much attention in the recent literature. In this note, we show that a numerical monoid has an element with two different irreducible factorizations of the same length if and only if its embedding dimension is greater than two. We find formulas in embedding dimension three for the smallest element with two different irreducible factorizations of the same length and the largest element whose different irreducible factorizations all have distinct lengths. We show that these formulas do not naturally extend to higher embedding dimensions.

Given a complex semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{k}+i\mathfrak{k}$ ($\mathfrak{k}$ is a compact real form of $\mathfrak{g}$), let $\pi\colon\mathfrak{g}\to \mathfrak{h}$ be the orthogonal projection (with respect to the Killing form) onto the Cartan subalgebra $\mathfrak{h}:=\mathfrak{t}+i\mathfrak{t}$, where $\mathfrak{t}$ is a maximal abelian subalgebra of $\mathfrak{k}$. Given $x\in \mathfrak{g}$, we consider $\pi(\mathop{\textrm{Ad}}(K) x)$, where $K$ is the analytic subgroup $G$ corresponding to $\mathfrak{k}$, and show that it is star-shaped. The result extends a result of Tsing. We also consider the generalized numerical range $f(\mathop{\textrm{Ad}}(K)x)$, where $f$ is a linear functional on $\mathfrak{g}$. We establish the star-shapedness of $f(\mathop{\textrm{Ad}}(K)x)$ for simple Lie algebras of type $B$.

Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a line arrangement in the complex projective plane $\mathbb{P}^2$, having the points of multiplicity $\geq 3$ situated on two lines in $\mathcal{A}$, say $H_0$ and $H_{\infty}$. Then we show that the non-local irreducible components of the first resonance variety $\mathcal{R}_1(\mathcal{A})$ are 2-dimensional and correspond to parallelograms $\mathcal{P}$ in $\mathbb{C}^2=\mathbb{P}^2 \setminus H_{\infty}$ whose sides are in $\mathcal{A}$ and for which $H_0$ is a diagonal.

A. Bonkat obtained a universal coefficient theorem in the setting of Kirchberg's ideal-related $KK$-theory in the fundamental case of a $C^*$-algebra with one specified ideal. The universal coefficient sequence was shown to split, unnaturally, under certain conditions. Employing certain $K$-theoretical information derivable from the given operator algebras using a method introduced here, we shall demonstrate that Bonkat's UCT does not split in general. Related methods lead to information on the complexity of the $K$-theory which must be used to classify $*$-isomorphisms for purely infinite $C^*$-algebras with one non-trivial ideal.

Using Poincar\'e duality, we obtain a formula of Lefschetz type that computes the Lefschetz number of an endomorphism of a separable nuclear $C^*$-algebra satisfying Poincar\'e duality and the Kunneth theorem. (The Lefschetz number of an endomorphism is the graded trace of the induced map on $\textrm{K}$-theory tensored with $\mathbb{C}$, as in the classical case.) We then examine endomorphisms of Cuntz--Krieger algebras $O_A$. An endomorphism has an invariant, which is a permutation of an infinite set, and the contracting and expanding behavior of this permutation describes the Lefschetz number of the endomorphism. Using this description, we derive a closed polynomial formula for the Lefschetz number depending on the matrix $A$ and the presentation of the endomorphism.

A class of generalized Marcinkiewicz integral operators is introduced, and, under rather weak conditions on the integral kernels, the boundedness of such operators on $L^p$ and Triebel--Lizorkin spaces is established.

The generalized Beurling-Ahlfors operator $S$ on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n;\Lambda)$, where $\Lambda:=\Lambda(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is the exterior algebra with its natural Hilbert space norm, satisfies the estimate $$\|S\|_{\mathcal{L}(L^p(\mathbb{R}^n;\Lambda))}\leq(n/2+1)(p^*-1),\quad p^*:=\max\{p,p'\}$$ This improves on earlier results in all dimensions $n\geq 3$. The proof is based on the heat extension and relies at the bottom on Burkholder's sharp inequality for martingale transforms.

We prove that the fundamental solutions of Kohn sub-Laplacians $\Delta + i\alpha \partial_t$ on the anisotropic Heisenberg groups are tempered distributions and have meromorphic continuation in $\alpha$ with simple poles. We compute the residues and find the partial fundamental solutions at the poles. We also find formulas for the fundamental solutions for some matrix-valued Kohn type sub-Laplacians on H-type groups.

For $C^*$-algebras $\mathcal{A}$ of real rank zero, we describe linear maps $\phi$ on $\mathcal{A}$ that are surjective up to ideals $\mathcal{I}$, and $\pi(A)$ is invertible in $\mathcal{A}/\mathcal{I}$ if and only if $\pi(\phi(A))$ is invertible in $\mathcal{A}/\mathcal{I}$, where $A\in\mathcal{A}$ and $\pi:\mathcal{A}\to\mathcal{A}/\mathcal{I}$ is the quotient map. We also consider similar linear maps preserving zero products on the Calkin algebra.

We define a family of generalizations of the two-variable quandle polynomial. These polynomial invariants generalize in a natural way to eight-variable polynomial invariants of finite biquandles. We use these polynomials to define a family of link invariants that further generalize the quandle counting invariant.

We prove that some inequalities, which are considered to be generalizations of Hardy's inequality on the circle, can be modified and proved to be true for functions integrable on the real line. In fact we would like to show that some constructions that were used to prove the Littlewood conjecture can be used similarly to produce real Hardy-type inequalities. This discussion will lead to many questions concerning the relationship between Hardy-type inequalities on the circle and those on the real line.

We prove that if the Fourier transform of a compactly supported measure is in $L^2$ of a half-space, then the measure is absolutely continuous to Lebesgue measure. We then show how this result can be used to translate information about the dimensionality of a measure and the decay of its Fourier transform into geometric information about its support.

An important conjecture in the theory of Borel sets in non-separable metric spaces is whether any point-countable Borel-additive family in a complete metric space has a $\sigma$-discrete refinement. We confirm the conjecture for point-countable $\mathbf\Pi_3^0$-additive families, thus generalizing results of R. W. Hansell and the first author. We apply this result to the existence of Borel measurable selectors for multivalued mappings of low Borel complexity, thus answering in the affirmative a particular version of a question of J. Kaniewski and R. Pol.