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Search: MSC category 53C ( Global differential geometry [See also 51H25, 58-XX; for related bundle theory, see 55Rxx, 57Rxx] )

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1. CJM Online first

Mine, Kotaro; Yamashita, Atsushi
 Metric compactifications and coarse structures Let $\mathbf{TB}$ be the category of totally bounded, locally compact metric spaces with the $C_0$ coarse structures. We show that if $X$ and $Y$ are in $\mathbf{TB}$ then $X$ and $Y$ are coarsely equivalent if and only if their Higson coronas are homeomorphic. In fact, the Higson corona functor gives an equivalence of categories $\mathbf{TB}\to\mathbf{K}$, where $\mathbf{K}$ is the category of compact metrizable spaces. We use this fact to show that the continuously controlled coarse structure on a locally compact space $X$ induced by some metrizable compactification $\tilde{X}$ is determined only by the topology of the remainder $\tilde{X}\setminus X$. Keywords:coarse geometry, Higson corona, continuously controlled coarse structure, uniform continuity, boundary at infinityCategories:18B30, 51F99, 53C23, 54C20

2. CJM Online first

Kawakami, Yu
 Function-theoretic Properties for the Gauss Maps of Various Classes of Surfaces We elucidate the geometric background of function-theoretic properties for the Gauss maps of several classes of immersed surfaces in three-dimensional space forms, for example, minimal surfaces in Euclidean three-space, improper affine spheres in the affine three-space, and constant mean curvature one surfaces and flat surfaces in hyperbolic three-space. To achieve this purpose, we prove an optimal curvature bound for a specified conformal metric on an open Riemann surface and give some applications. We also provide unicity theorems for the Gauss maps of these classes of surfaces. Keywords:Gauss map, minimal surface, constant mean curvature surface, front, ramification, omitted value, the Ahlfors island theorem, unicity theorem.Categories:53C42, 30D35, 30F45, 53A10, 53A15

3. CJM Online first

 The Weak b-principle: Mumford Conjecture In this note we introduce and study a new class of maps called oriented colored broken submersions. This is the simplest class of maps that satisfies a version of the b-principle and in dimension $2$ approximates the class of oriented submersions well in the sense that every oriented colored broken submersion of dimension $2$ to a closed simply connected manifold is bordant to a submersion. We show that the Madsen-Weiss theorem (the standard Mumford Conjecture) fits a general setting of the b-principle. Namely, a version of the b-principle for oriented colored broken submersions together with the Harer stability theorem and Miller-Morita theorem implies the Madsen-Weiss theorem. Keywords:generalized cohomology theories, fold singularities, h-principle, infinite loop spacesCategories:55N20, 53C23

4. CJM 2013 (vol 66 pp. 1413)

Zhang, Xi; Zhang, Xiangwen
 Generalized KÃ¤hler--Einstein Metrics and Energy Functionals In this paper, we consider a generalized KÃ¤hler-Einstein equation on KÃ¤hler manifold $M$. Using the twisted $\mathcal K$-energy introduced by Song and Tian, we show that the existence of generalized KÃ¤hler-Einstein metrics with semi-positive twisting $(1, 1)$-form $\theta$ is also closely related to the properness of the twisted $\mathcal K$-energy functional. Under the condition that the twisting form $\theta$ is strictly positive at a point or $M$ admits no nontrivial Hamiltonian holomorphic vector field, we prove that the existence of generalized KÃ¤hler-Einstein metric implies a Moser-Trudinger type inequality. Keywords:complex Monge--AmpÃ¨re equation, energy functional, generalized KÃ¤hler--Einstein metric, Moser--Trudinger type inequalityCategories:53C55, 32W20

5. CJM 2013 (vol 66 pp. 783)

Izmestiev, Ivan
 Infinitesimal Rigidity of Convex Polyhedra through the Second Derivative of the Hilbert-Einstein Functional The paper is centered around a new proof of the infinitesimal rigidity of convex polyhedra. The proof is based on studying derivatives of the discrete Hilbert-Einstein functional on the space of "warped polyhedra" with a fixed metric on the boundary. The situation is in a sense dual to using derivatives of the volume in order to prove the Gauss infinitesimal rigidity of convex polyhedra. This latter kind of rigidity is related to the Minkowski theorem on the existence and uniqueness of a polyhedron with prescribed face normals and face areas. In the spherical and in the hyperbolic-de Sitter space, there is a perfect duality between the Hilbert-Einstein functional and the volume, as well as between both kinds of rigidity. We review some of the related work and discuss directions for future research. Keywords:convex polyhedron, rigidity, Hilbert-Einstein functional, Minkowski theoremCategories:52B99, 53C24

6. CJM 2013 (vol 66 pp. 400)

Mendonça, Bruno; Tojeiro, Ruy
 Umbilical Submanifolds of $\mathbb{S}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ We give a complete classification of umbilical submanifolds of arbitrary dimension and codimension of $\mathbb{S}^n\times \mathbb{R}$, extending the classification of umbilical surfaces in $\mathbb{S}^2\times \mathbb{R}$ by Souam and Toubiana as well as the local description of umbilical hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{S}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ by Van der Veken and Vrancken. We prove that, besides small spheres in a slice, up to isometries of the ambient space they come in a two-parameter family of rotational submanifolds whose substantial codimension is either one or two and whose profile is a curve in a totally geodesic $\mathbb{S}^1\times \mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{S}^2\times \mathbb{R}$, respectively, the former case arising in a one-parameter family. All of them are diffeomorphic to a sphere, except for a single element that is diffeomorphic to Euclidean space. We obtain explicit parametrizations of all such submanifolds. We also study more general classes of submanifolds of $\mathbb{S}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{H}^n\times \mathbb{R}$. In particular, we give a complete description of all submanifolds in those product spaces for which the tangent component of a unit vector field spanning the factor $\mathbb{R}$ is an eigenvector of all shape operators. We show that surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector in $\mathbb{S}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{H}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ having this property are rotational surfaces, and use this fact to improve some recent results by Alencar, do Carmo, and Tribuzy. We also obtain a Dajczer-type reduction of codimension theorem for submanifolds of $\mathbb{S}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{H}^n\times \mathbb{R}$. Keywords:umbilical submanifolds, product spaces $\mathbb{S}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{H}^n\times \mathbb{R}$Categories:53B25, 53C40

7. CJM 2012 (vol 65 pp. 266)

Bérard, Vincent
 Les applications conforme-harmoniques Sur une surface de Riemann, l'Ã©nergie d'une application Ã  valeurs dans une variÃ©tÃ© riemannienne est une fonctionnelle invariante conforme, ses points critiques sont les applications harmoniques. Nous proposons ici un analogue en dimension supÃ©rieure, en construisant une fonctionnelle invariante conforme pour les applications entre deux variÃ©tÃ©s riemanniennes, dont la variÃ©tÃ© de dÃ©part est de dimension $n$ paire. Ses points critiques satisfont une EDP elliptique d'ordre $n$ non-linÃ©aire qui est covariante conforme par rapport Ã  la variÃ©tÃ© de dÃ©part, on les appelle les applications conforme-harmoniques. Dans le cas des fonctions, on retrouve l'opÃ©rateur GJMS, dont le terme principal est une puissance $n/2$ du laplacien. Quand $n$ est impaire, les mÃªmes idÃ©es permettent de montrer que le terme constant dans le dÃ©veloppement asymptotique de l'Ã©nergie d'une application asymptotiquement harmonique sur une variÃ©tÃ© AHE est indÃ©pendant du choix du reprÃ©sentant de l'infini conforme. Categories:53C21, 53C43, 53A30

8. CJM 2012 (vol 65 pp. 1164)

Vitagliano, Luca
 Partial Differential Hamiltonian Systems We define partial differential (PD in the following), i.e., field theoretic analogues of Hamiltonian systems on abstract symplectic manifolds and study their main properties, namely, PD Hamilton equations, PD Noether theorem, PD Poisson bracket, etc.. Unlike in standard multisymplectic approach to Hamiltonian field theory, in our formalism, the geometric structure (kinematics) and the dynamical information on the phase space'' appear as just different components of one single geometric object. Keywords:field theory, fiber bundles, multisymplectic geometry, Hamiltonian systemsCategories:70S05, 70S10, 53C80

9. CJM 2012 (vol 65 pp. 1401)

Zhao, Wei; Shen, Yibing
 A Universal Volume Comparison Theorem for Finsler Manifolds and Related Results In this paper, we establish a universal volume comparison theorem for Finsler manifolds and give the Berger-Kazdan inequality and SantalÃ³'s formula in Finsler geometry. Being based on these, we derive a Berger-Kazdan type comparison theorem and a Croke type isoperimetric inequality for Finsler manifolds. Keywords:Finsler manifold, Berger-Kazdan inequality, Berger-Kazdan comparison theorem, SantalÃ³'s formula, Croke's isoperimetric inequalityCategories:53B40, 53C65, 52A38

10. CJM 2012 (vol 65 pp. 757)

Delanoë, Philippe; Rouvière, François
 Positively Curved Riemannian Locally Symmetric Spaces are Positively Squared Distance Curved The squared distance curvature is a kind of two-point curvature the sign of which turned out crucial for the smoothness of optimal transportation maps on Riemannian manifolds. Positivity properties of that new curvature have been established recently for all the simply connected compact rank one symmetric spaces, except the Cayley plane. Direct proofs were given for the sphere, an indirect one via the Hopf fibrations) for the complex and quaternionic projective spaces. Here, we present a direct proof of a property implying all the preceding ones, valid on every positively curved Riemannian locally symmetric space. Keywords:symmetric spaces, rank one, positive curvature, almost-positive $c$-curvatureCategories:53C35, 53C21, 53C26, 49N60

11. CJM 2012 (vol 65 pp. 66)

Deng, Shaoqiang; Hu, Zhiguang
 On Flag Curvature of Homogeneous Randers Spaces In this paper we give an explicit formula for the flag curvature of homogeneous Randers spaces of Douglas type and apply this formula to obtain some interesting results. We first deduce an explicit formula for the flag curvature of an arbitrary left invariant Randers metric on a two-step nilpotent Lie group. Then we obtain a classification of negatively curved homogeneous Randers spaces of Douglas type. This results, in particular, in many examples of homogeneous non-Riemannian Finsler spaces with negative flag curvature. Finally, we prove a rigidity result that a homogeneous Randers space of Berwald type whose flag curvature is everywhere nonzero must be Riemannian. Keywords:homogeneous Randers manifolds, flag curvature, Douglas spaces, two-step nilpotent Lie groupsCategories:22E46, 53C30

12. CJM 2011 (vol 64 pp. 778)

Calvaruso, Giovanni; Fino, Anna
 Ricci Solitons and Geometry of Four-dimensional Non-reductive Homogeneous Spaces We study the geometry of non-reductive $4$-dimensional homogeneous spaces. In particular, after describing their Levi-Civita connection and curvature properties, we classify homogeneous Ricci solitons on these spaces, proving the existence of shrinking, expanding and steady examples. For all the non-trivial examples we find, the Ricci operator is diagonalizable. Keywords:non-reductive homogeneous spaces, pseudo-Riemannian metrics, Ricci solitons, Einstein-like metricsCategories:53C21, 53C50, 53C25

13. CJM 2011 (vol 64 pp. 44)

Carvalho, T. M. M.; Moreira, H. N.; Tenenblat, K.
 Surfaces of Rotation with Constant Mean Curvature in the Direction of a Unitary Normal Vector Field in a Randers Space We consider the Randers space $(V^n,F_b)$ obtained by perturbing the Euclidean metric by a translation, $F_b=\alpha+\beta$, where $\alpha$ is the Euclidean metric and $\beta$ is a $1$-form with norm $b$, $0\leq b\lt 1$. We introduce the concept of a hypersurface with constant mean curvature in the direction of a unitary normal vector field. We obtain the ordinary differential equation that characterizes the rotational surfaces $(V^3,F_b)$ of constant mean curvature (cmc) in the direction of a unitary normal vector field. These equations reduce to the classical equation of the rotational cmc surfaces in Euclidean space, when $b=0$. It also reduces to the equation that characterizes the minimal rotational surfaces in $(V^3,F_b)$ when $H=0$, obtained by M. Souza and K. Tenenblat. Although the differential equation depends on the choice of the normal direction, we show that both equations determine the same rotational surface, up to a reflection. We also show that the round cylinders are cmc surfaces in the direction of the unitary normal field. They are generated by the constant solution of the differential equation. By considering the equation as a nonlinear dynamical system, we provide a qualitative analysis, for $0\lt b\lt \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$. Using the concept of stability and considering the linearization around the single equilibrium point (the constant solution), we verify that the solutions are locally asymptotically stable spirals. This is proved by constructing a Lyapunov function for the dynamical system and by determining the basin of stability of the equilibrium point. The surfaces of rotation generated by such solutions tend asymptotically to one end of the cylinder. Keywords:Finsler spaces, Randers spaces, mean curvature, Liapunov functionsCategory:53C20

14. CJM 2010 (vol 63 pp. 55)

Chau, Albert; Tam, Luen-Fai; Yu, Chengjie
 Pseudolocality for the Ricci Flow and Applications Perelman established a differential Li--Yau--Hamilton (LYH) type inequality for fundamental solutions of the conjugate heat equation corresponding to the Ricci flow on compact manifolds. As an application of the LYH inequality, Perelman proved a pseudolocality result for the Ricci flow on compact manifolds. In this article we provide the details for the proofs of these results in the case of a complete noncompact Riemannian manifold. Using these results we prove that under certain conditions, a finite time singularity of the Ricci flow must form within a compact set. The conditions are satisfied by asymptotically flat manifolds. We also prove a long time existence result for the K\"ahler--Ricci flow on complete nonnegatively curved K\"ahler manifolds. Categories:53C44, 58J37, 35B35

15. CJM 2010 (vol 62 pp. 1264)

Chen, Jingyi; Fraser, Ailana
 Holomorphic variations of minimal disks with boundary on a Lagrangian surface Let $L$ be an oriented Lagrangian submanifold in an $n$-dimensional KÃ¤hler manifold~$M$. Let $u \colon D \to M$ be a minimal immersion from a disk $D$ with $u(\partial D) \subset L$ such that $u(D)$ meets $L$ orthogonally along $u(\partial D)$. Then the real dimension of the space of admissible holomorphic variations is at least $n+\mu(E,F)$, where $\mu(E,F)$ is a boundary Maslov index; the minimal disk is holomorphic if there exist $n$ admissible holomorphic variations that are linearly independent over $\mathbb{R}$ at some point $p \in \partial D$; if $M = \mathbb{C}P^n$ and $u$ intersects $L$ positively, then $u$ is holomorphic if it is stable, and its Morse index is at least $n+\mu(E,F)$ if $u$ is unstable. Categories:58E12, 53C21, 53C26

16. CJM 2010 (vol 62 pp. 1037)

Calviño-Louzao, E.; García-Río, E.; Vázquez-Lorenzo, R.
 Riemann Extensions of Torsion-Free Connections with Degenerate Ricci Tensor {Correspondence} between torsion-free connections with {nilpotent skew-symmetric curvature operator} and IP Riemann extensions is shown. Some consequences are derived in the study of four-dimensional IP metrics and locally homogeneous affine surfaces. Keywords:Walker metric, Riemann extension, curvature operator, projectively flat and recurrent affine connectionCategories:53B30, 53C50

17. CJM 2009 (vol 62 pp. 52)

Deng, Shaoqiang
 An Algebraic Approach to Weakly Symmetric Finsler Spaces In this paper, we introduce a new algebraic notion, weakly symmetric Lie algebras, to give an algebraic description of an interesting class of homogeneous Riemann--Finsler spaces, weakly symmetric Finsler spaces. Using this new definition, we are able to give a classification of weakly symmetric Finsler spaces with dimensions $2$ and $3$. Finally, we show that all the non-Riemannian reversible weakly symmetric Finsler spaces we find are non-Berwaldian and with vanishing S-curvature. This means that reversible non-Berwaldian Finsler spaces with vanishing S-curvature may exist at large. Hence the generalized volume comparison theorems due to Z. Shen are valid for a rather large class of Finsler spaces. Keywords:weakly symmetric Finsler spaces, weakly symmetric Lie algebras, Berwald spaces, S-curvatureCategories:53C60, 58B20, 22E46, 22E60

18. CJM 2009 (vol 62 pp. 320)

Jerrard, Robert L.
 Some Rigidity Results Related to MongeâAmpÃ¨re Functions The space of Monge-AmpÃ¨re functions, introduced by J. H. G. Fu, is a space of rather rough functions in which the map $u\mapsto \operatorname{Det} D^2 u$ is well defined and weakly continuous with respect to a natural notion of weak convergence. We prove a rigidity theorem for Lagrangian integral currents that allows us to extend the original definition of Monge-AmpÃ¨re functions. We also prove that if a Monge-AmpÃ¨re function $u$ on a bounded set $\Omega\subset\mathcal{R}^2$ satisfies the equation $\operatorname{Det} D^2 u=0$ in a particular weak sense, then the graph of $u$ is a developable surface, and moreover $u$ enjoys somewhat better regularity properties than an arbitrary Monge-AmpÃ¨re function of $2$ variables. Categories:49Q15, 53C24

19. CJM 2009 (vol 62 pp. 3)

Anchouche, Boudjemâa
 On the Asymptotic Behavior of Complete KÃ¤hler Metrics of Positive Ricci Curvature Let $( X,g)$ be a complete noncompact KÃ¤hler manifold, of dimension $n\geq2,$ with positive Ricci curvature and of standard type (see the definition below). N. Mok proved that $X$ can be compactified, \emph{i.e.,} $X$ is biholomorphic to a quasi-projective variety$.$ The aim of this paper is to prove that the $L^{2}$ holomorphic sections of the line bundle $K_{X}^{-q}$ and the volume form of the metric $g$ have no essential singularities near the divisor at infinity. As a consequence we obtain a comparison between the volume forms of the KÃ¤hler metric $g$ and of the Fubini--Study metric induced on $X$. In the case of $\dim_{\mathbb{C} }X=2,$ we establish a relation between the number of components of the divisor $D$ and the dimension of the groups $H^{i}( \overline{X}, \Omega_{\overline{X}}^{1}( \log D) )$. Categories:53C55, 32A10

20. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 1357)

Shen, Zhongmin
 On a Class of Landsberg Metrics in Finsler Geometry In this paper, we study a long existing open problem on Landsberg metrics in Finsler geometry. We consider Finsler metrics defined by a Riemannian metric and a $1$-form on a manifold. We show that a \emph{regular} Finsler metric in this form is Landsbergian if and only if it is Berwaldian. We further show that there is a two-parameter family of functions, $\phi=\phi(s)$, for which there are a Riemannian metric $\alpha$ and a $1$-form $\beta$ on a manifold $M$ such that the scalar function $F=\alpha \phi (\beta/\alpha)$ on $TM$ is an almost regular Landsberg metric, but not a Berwald metric. Categories:53B40, 53C60

21. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 1201)

Arvanitoyeorgos, Andreas; Dzhepko, V. V.; Nikonorov, Yu. G.
 Invariant Einstein Metrics on Some Homogeneous Spaces of Classical Lie Groups A Riemannian manifold $(M,\rho)$ is called Einstein if the metric $\rho$ satisfies the condition \linebreak$\Ric (\rho)=c\cdot \rho$ for some constant $c$. This paper is devoted to the investigation of $G$-invariant Einstein metrics, with additional symmetries, on some homogeneous spaces $G/H$ of classical groups. As a consequence, we obtain new invariant Einstein metrics on some Stiefel manifolds $\SO(n)/\SO(l)$. Furthermore, we show that for any positive integer $p$ there exists a Stiefel manifold $\SO(n)/\SO(l)$ that admits at least $p$ $\SO(n)$-invariant Einstein metrics. Keywords:Riemannian manifolds, homogeneous spaces, Einstein metrics, Stiefel manifoldsCategories:53C25, 53C30

22. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 721)

Calin, Ovidiu; Chang, Der-Chen; Markina, Irina
 SubRiemannian Geometry on the Sphere $\mathbb{S}^3$ We discuss the subRiemannian geometry induced by two noncommutative vector fields which are left invariant on the Lie group $\mathbb{S}^3$. Keywords:noncommutative Lie group, quaternion group, subRiemannian geodesic, horizontal distribution, connectivity theorem, holonomic constraintCategories:53C17, 53C22, 35H20

23. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 740)

Caprace, Pierre-Emmanuel; Haglund, Frédéric
 On Geometric Flats in the CAT(0) Realization of Coxeter Groups and Tits Buildings Given a complete CAT(0) space $X$ endowed with a geometric action of a group $\Gamma$, it is known that if $\Gamma$ contains a free abelian group of rank $n$, then $X$ contains a geometric flat of dimension $n$. We prove the converse of this statement in the special case where $X$ is a convex subcomplex of the CAT(0) realization of a Coxeter group $W$, and $\Gamma$ is a subgroup of $W$. In particular a convex cocompact subgroup of a Coxeter group is Gromov-hyperbolic if and only if it does not contain a free abelian group of rank 2. Our result also provides an explicit control on geometric flats in the CAT(0) realization of arbitrary Tits buildings. Keywords:Coxeter group, flat rank, $\cat0$ space, buildingCategories:20F55, 51F15, 53C23, 20E42, 51E24

24. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 641)

 Characterization of Parallel Isometric Immersions of Space Forms into Space Forms in the Class of Isotropic Immersions For an isotropic submanifold $M^n\,(n\geqq3)$ of a space form $\widetilde{M}^{n+p}(c)$ of constant sectional curvature $c$, we show that if the mean curvature vector of $M^n$ is parallel and the sectional curvature $K$ of $M^n$ satisfies some inequality, then the second fundamental form of $M^n$ in $\widetilde{M}^{n+p}$ is parallel and our manifold $M^n$ is a space form. Keywords:space forms, parallel isometric immersions, isotropic immersions, totally umbilic, Veronese manifolds, sectional curvatures, parallel mean curvature vectorCategories:53C40, 53C42
 HÃ¶lder Compactification for Some Manifolds with Pinched Negative Curvature Near Infinity We consider a complete noncompact Riemannian manifold $M$ and give conditions on a compact submanifold $K \subset M$ so that the outward normal exponential map off the boundary of $K$ is a diffeomorphism onto $\MlK$. We use this to compactify $M$ and show that pinched negative sectional curvature outside $K$ implies $M$ has a compactification with a well-defined H\"older structure independent of $K$. The H\"older constant depends on the ratio of the curvature pinching. This extends and generalizes a 1985 result of Anderson and Schoen. Category:53C20