We investigate large sieve inequalities such as \[ \frac{1}{m}\sum_{j=1}^{m}\psi ( \log | P( e^{i\tau _{j}}) | ) \leq \frac{C}{2\pi }\int_{0}^{2\pi }\psi \left( \log [ e| P( e^{i\tau }) | ] \right) \,d\tau , \] where $\psi $ is convex and increasing, $P$ is a polynomial or an exponential of a potential, and the constant $C$ depends on the degree of $P$, and the distribution of the points $0\leq \tau _{1}<\tau _{2}<\dots<\tau _{m}\leq 2\pi $. The method allows greater generality and is in some ways simpler than earlier ones. We apply our results to estimate the Mahler measure of Fekete polynomials.

This paper considers the rational system ${\cal P}_n (a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n):= \bigl\{ {P(x) \over \prod_{k=1}^n (x-a_k)}, P\in {\cal P}_n\bigr\}$ with nonreal elements in $\{a_k\}_{k=1}^{n}\subset\Bbb{C}\setminus [-1,1]$ paired by complex conjugation. It gives a sharp (to constant) Markov-type inequality for real rational functions in ${\cal P}_n (a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n)$. The corresponding Markov-type inequality for high derivatives is established, as well as Nikolskii-type inequalities. Some sharp Markov- and Bernstein-type inequalities with curved majorants for rational functions in ${\cal P}_n(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n)$ are obtained, which generalize some results for the classical polynomials. A sharp Schur-type inequality is also proved and plays a key role in the proofs of our main results.