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Search: MSC category 37D50 ( Hyperbolic systems with singularities (billiards, etc.) )

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1. CJM 2011 (vol 64 pp. 1058)

Plakhov, Alexander
 Optimal Roughening of Convex Bodies A body moves in a rarefied medium composed of point particles at rest. The particles make elastic reflections when colliding with the body surface, and do not interact with each other. We consider a generalization of Newton's minimal resistance problem: given two bounded convex bodies $C_1$ and $C_2$ such that $C_1 \subset C_2 \subset \mathbb{R}^3$ and $\partial C_1 \cap \partial C_2 = \emptyset$, minimize the resistance in the class of connected bodies $B$ such that $C_1 \subset B \subset C_2$. We prove that the infimum of resistance is zero; that is, there exist "almost perfectly streamlined" bodies. Keywords:billiards, shape optimization, problems of minimal resistance, Newtonian aerodynamics, rough surfaceCategories:37D50, 49Q10

2. CJM 2004 (vol 56 pp. 115)

Kenny, Robert
 Estimates of Hausdorff Dimension for the Non-Wandering Set of an Open Planar Billiard The billiard flow in the plane has a simple geometric definition; the movement along straight lines of points except where elastic reflections are made with the boundary of the billiard domain. We consider a class of open billiards, where the billiard domain is unbounded, and the boundary is that of a finite number of strictly convex obstacles. We estimate the Hausdorff dimension of the nonwandering set $M_0$ of the discrete time billiard ball map, which is known to be a Cantor set and the largest invariant set. Under certain conditions on the obstacles, we use a well-known coding of $M_0$ \cite{Morita} and estimates using convex fronts related to the derivative of the billiard ball map \cite{StAsy} to estimate the Hausdorff dimension of local unstable sets. Consideration of the local product structure then yields the desired estimates, which provide asymptotic bounds on the Hausdorff dimension's convergence to zero as the obstacles are separated. Categories:37D50, 37C45;, 28A78

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