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26. CJM 2004 (vol 56 pp. 1190)

Frank, Günter; Hua, Xinhou; Vaillancourt, Rémi
 Meromorphic Functions Sharing the Same Zeros and Poles In this paper, Hinkkanen's problem (1984) is completely solved, {\em i.e.,} it is shown that any meromorphic function $f$ is determined by its zeros and poles and the zeros of $f^{(j)}$ for $j=1,2,3,4$ Keywords:Uniqueness, meromorphic functions, Nevanlinna theoryCategory:30D35

27. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 1264)

 Admissible Majorants for Model Subspaces of $H^2$, Part II: Fast Winding of the Generating Inner Function This paper is a continuation of Part I [6]. We consider the model subspaces $K_\Theta=H^2\ominus\Theta H^2$ of the Hardy space $H^2$ generated by an inner function $\Theta$ in the upper half plane. Our main object is the class of admissible majorants for $K_\Theta$, denoted by Adm $\Theta$ and consisting of all functions $\omega$ defined on $\mathbb{R}$ such that there exists an $f \ne 0$, $f \in K_\Theta$ satisfying $|f(x)|\leq\omega(x)$ almost everywhere on $\mathbb{R}$. Firstly, using some simple Hilbert transform techniques, we obtain a general multiplier theorem applicable to any $K_\Theta$ generated by a meromorphic inner function. In contrast with [6], we consider the generating functions $\Theta$ such that the unit vector $\Theta(x)$ winds up fast as $x$ grows from $-\infty$ to $\infty$. In particular, we consider $\Theta=B$ where $B$ is a Blaschke product with horizontal'' zeros, i.e., almost uniformly distributed in a strip parallel to and separated from $\mathbb{R}$. It is shown, among other things, that for any such $B$, any even $\omega$ decreasing on $(0,\infty)$ with a finite logarithmic integral is in Adm $B$ (unlike the vertical'' case treated in [6]), thus generalizing (with a new proof) a classical result related to Adm $\exp(i\sigma z)$, $\sigma>0$. Some oscillating $\omega$'s in Adm $B$ are also described. Our theme is related to the Beurling-Malliavin multiplier theorem devoted to Adm $\exp(i\sigma z)$, $\sigma>0$, and to de Branges' space $\mathcal{H}(E)$. Keywords:Hardy space, inner function, shift operator, model, subspace, Hilbert transform, admissible majorantCategories:30D55, 47A15

28. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 1231)

 Admissible Majorants for Model Subspaces of $H^2$, Part I: Slow Winding of the Generating Inner Function A model subspace $K_\Theta$ of the Hardy space $H^2 = H^2 (\mathbb{C}_+)$ for the upper half plane $\mathbb{C}_+$ is $H^2(\mathbb{C}_+) \ominus \Theta H^2(\mathbb{C}_+)$ where $\Theta$ is an inner function in $\mathbb{C}_+$. A function $\omega \colon \mathbb{R}\mapsto[0,\infty)$ is called an admissible majorant for $K_\Theta$ if there exists an $f \in K_\Theta$, $f \not\equiv 0$, $|f(x)|\leq \omega(x)$ almost everywhere on $\mathbb{R}$. For some (mainly meromorphic) $\Theta$'s some parts of Adm $\Theta$ (the set of all admissible majorants for $K_\Theta$) are explicitly described. These descriptions depend on the rate of growth of $\arg \Theta$ along $\mathbb{R}$. This paper is about slowly growing arguments (slower than $x$). Our results exhibit the dependence of Adm $B$ on the geometry of the zeros of the Blaschke product $B$. A complete description of Adm $B$ is obtained for $B$'s with purely imaginary (vertical'') zeros. We show that in this case a unique minimal admissible majorant exists. Keywords:Hardy space, inner function, shift operator, model, subspace, Hilbert transform, admissible majorantCategories:30D55, 47A15

29. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 1019)

Handelman, David
 More Eventual Positivity for Analytic Functions Eventual positivity problems for real convergent Maclaurin series lead to density questions for sets of harmonic functions. These are solved for large classes of series, and in so doing, asymptotic estimates are obtained for the values of the series near the radius of convergence and for the coefficients of convolution powers. Categories:30B10, 30D15, 30C50, 13A99, 41A58, 42A16

30. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 576)

Lukashov, A. L.; Peherstorfer, F.
 Automorphic Orthogonal and Extremal Polynomials It is well known that many polynomials which solve extremal problems on a single interval as the Chebyshev or the Bernstein-Szeg\"o polynomials can be represented by trigonometric functions and their inverses. On two intervals one has elliptic instead of trigonometric functions. In this paper we show that the counterparts of the Chebyshev and Bernstein-Szeg\"o polynomials for several intervals can be represented with the help of automorphic functions, so-called Schottky-Burnside functions. Based on this representation and using the Schottky-Burnside automorphic functions as a tool several extremal properties of such polynomials as orthogonality properties, extremal properties with respect to the maximum norm, behaviour of zeros and recurrence coefficients {\it etc.} are derived. Categories:42C05, 30F35, 31A15, 41A21, 41A50

31. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 379)

Stessin, Michael; Zhu, Kehe
 Generalized Factorization in Hardy Spaces and the Commutant of Toeplitz Operators Every classical inner function $\varphi$ in the unit disk gives rise to a certain factorization of functions in Hardy spaces. This factorization, which we call the generalized Riesz factorization, coincides with the classical Riesz factorization when $\varphi(z)=z$. In this paper we prove several results about the generalized Riesz factorization, and we apply this factorization theory to obtain a new description of the commutant of analytic Toeplitz operators with inner symbols on a Hardy space. We also discuss several related issues in the context of the Bergman space. Categories:47B35, 30D55, 47A15

32. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 945)

Boivin, André; Gauthier, Paul M.; Paramonov, Petr V.
 Approximation on Closed Sets by Analytic or Meromorphic Solutions of Elliptic Equations and Applications Given a homogeneous elliptic partial differential operator $L$ with constant complex coefficients and a class of functions (jet-distributions) which are defined on a (relatively) closed subset of a domain $\Omega$ in $\mathbf{R}^n$ and which belong locally to a Banach space $V$, we consider the problem of approximating in the norm of $V$ the functions in this class by analytic'' and meromorphic'' solutions of the equation $Lu=0$. We establish new Roth, Arakelyan (including tangential) and Carleman type theorems for a large class of Banach spaces $V$ and operators $L$. Important applications to boundary value problems of solutions of homogeneous elliptic partial differential equations are obtained, including the solution of a generalized Dirichlet problem. Keywords:approximation on closed sets, elliptic operator, strongly elliptic operator, $L$-meromorphic and $L$-analytic functions, localization operator, Banach space of distributions, Dirichlet problemCategories:30D40, 30E10, 31B35, 35Jxx, 35J67, 41A30

33. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 709)

Ismail, Mourad E. H.; Stanton, Dennis
 $q$-Integral and Moment Representations for $q$-Orthogonal Polynomials We develop a method for deriving integral representations of certain orthogonal polynomials as moments. These moment representations are applied to find linear and multilinear generating functions for $q$-orthogonal polynomials. As a byproduct we establish new transformation formulas for combinations of basic hypergeometric functions, including a new representation of the $q$-exponential function $\mathcal{E}_q$. Keywords:$q$-integral, $q$-orthogonal polynomials, associated polynomials, $q$-difference equations, generating functions, Al-Salam-Chihara polynomials, continuous $q$-ultraspherical polynomialsCategories:33D45, 33D20, 33C45, 30E05

34. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 648)

Yuan, Wenjun; Li, Yezhou
 Rational Solutions of PainlevÃ© Equations Consider the sixth Painlev\'e equation~(P$_6$) below where $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$ and $\delta$ are complex parameters. We prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of rational solutions of equation~(P$_6$) in term of special relations among the parameters. The number of distinct rational solutions in each case is exactly one or two or infinite. And each of them may be generated by means of transformation group found by Okamoto [7] and B\"acklund transformations found by Fokas and Yortsos [4]. A list of rational solutions is included in the appendix. For the sake of completeness, we collected all the corresponding results of other five Painlev\'e equations (P$_1$)--(P$_5$) below, which have been investigated by many authors [1]--[7]. Keywords:PainlevÃ© differential equation, rational function, BÃ¤cklund transformationCategories:30D35, 34A20

35. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 324)

Graham, Ian; Hamada, Hidetaka; Kohr, Gabriela
 Parametric Representation of Univalent Mappings in Several Complex Variables Let $B$ be the unit ball of $\bb{C}^n$ with respect to an arbitrary norm. We prove that the analog of the Carath\'eodory set, {\it i.e.} the set of normalized holomorphic mappings from $B$ into $\bb{C}^n$ of positive real part'', is compact. This leads to improvements in the existence theorems for the Loewner differential equation in several complex variables. We investigate a subset of the normalized biholomorphic mappings of $B$ which arises in the study of the Loewner equation, namely the set $S^0(B)$ of mappings which have parametric representation. For the case of the unit polydisc these mappings were studied by Poreda, and on the Euclidean unit ball they were studied by Kohr. As in Kohr's work, we consider subsets of $S^0(B)$ obtained by placing restrictions on the mapping from the Carath\'eodory set which occurs in the Loewner equation. We obtain growth and covering theorems for these subsets of $S^0(B)$ as well as coefficient estimates, and consider various examples. Also we shall see that in higher dimensions there exist mappings in $S(B)$ which can be imbedded in Loewner chains, but which do not have parametric representation. Categories:32H02, 30C45

36. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 239)

Cartwright, Donald I.; Steger, Tim
 Elementary Symmetric Polynomials in Numbers of Modulus $1$ We describe the set of numbers $\sigma_k(z_1,\ldots,z_{n+1})$, where $z_1,\ldots,z_{n+1}$ are complex numbers of modulus $1$ for which $z_1z_2\cdots z_{n+1}=1$, and $\sigma_k$ denotes the $k$-th elementary symmetric polynomial. Consequently, we give sharp constraints on the coefficients of a complex polynomial all of whose roots are of the same modulus. Another application is the calculation of the spectrum of certain adjacency operators arising naturally on a building of type ${\tilde A}_n$. Categories:05E05, 33C45, 30C15, 51E24

37. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 982)

Lárusson, Finnur
 Holomorphic Functions of Slow Growth on Nested Covering Spaces of Compact Manifolds Let $Y$ be an infinite covering space of a projective manifold $M$ in $\P^N$ of dimension $n\geq 2$. Let $C$ be the intersection with $M$ of at most $n-1$ generic hypersurfaces of degree $d$ in $\mathbb{P}^N$. The preimage $X$ of $C$ in $Y$ is a connected submanifold. Let $\phi$ be the smoothed distance from a fixed point in $Y$ in a metric pulled up from $M$. Let $\O_\phi(X)$ be the Hilbert space of holomorphic functions $f$ on $X$ such that $f^2 e^{-\phi}$ is integrable on $X$, and define $\O_\phi(Y)$ similarly. Our main result is that (under more general hypotheses than described here) the restriction $\O_\phi(Y) \to \O_\phi(X)$ is an isomorphism for $d$ large enough. This yields new examples of Riemann surfaces and domains of holomorphy in $\C^n$ with corona. We consider the important special case when $Y$ is the unit ball $\B$ in $\C^n$, and show that for $d$ large enough, every bounded holomorphic function on $X$ extends to a unique function in the intersection of all the nontrivial weighted Bergman spaces on $\B$. Finally, assuming that the covering group is arithmetic, we establish three dichotomies concerning the extension of bounded holomorphic and harmonic functions from $X$ to $\B$. Categories:32A10, 14E20, 30F99, 32M15

38. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 815)

Lubinsky, D. S.
 On the Maximum and Minimum Modulus of Rational Functions We show that if $m$, $n\geq 0$, $\lambda >1$, and $R$ is a rational function with numerator, denominator of degree $\leq m$, $n$, respectively, then there exists a set $\mathcal{S}\subset [0,1]$ of linear measure $\geq \frac{1}{4}\exp (-\frac{13}{\log \lambda })$ such that for $r\in \mathcal{S}$, $\max_{|z| =r}| R(z)| / \min_{|z| =r} | R(z) |\leq \lambda ^{m+n}.$ Here, one may not replace $\frac{1}{4}\exp ( -\frac{13}{\log \lambda })$ by $\exp (-\frac{2-\varepsilon }{\log \lambda })$, for any $\varepsilon >0$. As our motivating application, we prove a convergence result for diagonal Pad\'{e} approximants for functions meromorphic in the unit ball. Categories:30E10, 30C15, 31A15, 41A21

39. CJM 1999 (vol 51 pp. 915)

Balogh, Zoltán M.; Leuenberger, Christoph
 Quasiconformal Contactomorphisms and Polynomial Hulls with Convex Fibers Consider the polynomial hull of a smoothly varying family of strictly convex smooth domains fibered over the unit circle. It is well-known that the boundary of the hull is foliated by graphs of analytic discs. We prove that this foliation is smooth, and we show that it induces a complex flow of contactomorphisms. These mappings are quasiconformal in the sense of Kor\'anyi and Reimann. A similar bound on their quasiconformal distortion holds as in the one-dimensional case of holomorphic motions. The special case when the fibers are rotations of a fixed domain in $\C^2$ is studied in details. Categories:32E20, 30C65

40. CJM 1999 (vol 51 pp. 977)

Fisher, Stephen D.; Khavinson, Dmitry
 Extreme Pick-Nevanlinna Interpolants Following the investigations of B.~Abrahamse [1], F.~Forelli [11], M.~Heins [14] and others, we continue the study of the Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation problem in multiply-connected planar domains. One major focus is on the problem of characterizing the extreme points of the convex set of interpolants of a fixed data set. Several other related problems are discussed. Categories:30D50, 30D99

41. CJM 1999 (vol 51 pp. 470)

Bshouty, D.; Hengartner, W.
 Exterior Univalent Harmonic Mappings With Finite Blaschke Dilatations In this article we characterize the univalent harmonic mappings from the exterior of the unit disk, $\Delta$, onto a simply connected domain $\Omega$ containing infinity and which are solutions of the system of elliptic partial differential equations $\fzbb = a(z)f_z(z)$ where the second dilatation function $a(z)$ is a finite Blaschke product. At the end of this article, we apply our results to nonparametric minimal surfaces having the property that the image of its Gauss map is the upper half-sphere covered once or twice. Keywords:harmonic mappings, minimal surfacesCategories:30C55, 30C62, 49Q05

42. CJM 1999 (vol 51 pp. 147)

Suárez, Daniel
 Homeomorphic Analytic Maps into the Maximal Ideal Space of $H^\infty$ Let $m$ be a point of the maximal ideal space of $\papa$ with nontrivial Gleason part $P(m)$. If $L_m \colon \disc \rr P(m)$ is the Hoffman map, we show that $\papa \circ L_m$ is a closed subalgebra of $\papa$. We characterize the points $m$ for which $L_m$ is a homeomorphism in terms of interpolating sequences, and we show that in this case $\papa \circ L_m$ coincides with $\papa$. Also, if $I_m$ is the ideal of functions in $\papa$ that identically vanish on $P(m)$, we estimate the distance of any $f\in \papa$ to $I_m$. Categories:30H05, 46J20

43. CJM 1999 (vol 51 pp. 117)

Sauer, A.
 Meromorphic functions with prescribed asymptotic behaviour, zeros and poles and applications in complex approximation We construct meromorphic functions with asymptotic power series expansion in $z^{-1}$ at $\infty$ on an Arakelyan set $A$ having prescribed zeros and poles outside $A$. We use our results to prove approximation theorems where the approximating function fulfills interpolation restrictions outside the set of approximation. Keywords:asymptotic expansions, approximation theoryCategories:30D30, 30E10, 30E15

44. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 449)

Aulaskari, Rauno; He, Yuzan; Ristioja, Juha; Zhao, Ruhan
 $Q_p$ spaces on Riemann surfaces We study the function spaces $Q_p(R)$ defined on a Riemann surface $R$, which were earlier introduced in the unit disk of the complex plane. The nesting property $Q_p(R)\subseteq Q_q(R)$ for $0 Categories:30D45, 30D50, 30F35 45. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 620) Sjerve, Denis; Yang, Qing Jie  The Eichler trace of$\bbd Z_p$actions on Riemann surfaces We study$\hbox{\Bbbvii Z}_p$actions on compact connected Riemann surfaces via their associated Eichler traces. We determine the set of possible Eichler traces and determine the relationship between 2 actions if they have the same trace. Categories:30F30, 57M60 46. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 595) Luo, Donghan; MacGregor, Thomas  Multipliers of fractional Cauchy transforms and smoothness conditions This paper studies conditions on an analytic function that imply it belongs to${\cal M}_\alpha$, the set of multipliers of the family of functions given by$f(z) = \int_{|\zeta|=1} {1 \over (1-\overline\zeta z)^\alpha} \,d\mu (\zeta)(|z|<1)$where$\mu$is a complex Borel measure on the unit circle and$\alpha >0$. There are two main theorems. The first asserts that if$0<\alpha<1$and$\sup_{|\zeta|=1} \int^1_0 |f'(r\zeta)| (1-r)^{\alpha-1} \,dr<\infty$then$f \in {\cal M}_\alpha$. The second asserts that if$0<\alpha \leq 1$,$f \in H^\infty$and$\sup_t \int^\pi_0 {|f(e^{i(t+s)}) - 2f(e^{it}) + f(e^{i(t-s)})| \over s^{2-\alpha}} \, ds < \infty$then$f \in {\cal M}_\alpha$. The conditions in these theorems are shown to relate to a number of smoothness conditions on the unit circle for a function analytic in the open unit disk and continuous in its closure. Categories:30E20, 30D50 47. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 547) Gauthier, Paul M.  Mittag-Leffler theorems on Riemann surfaces and Riemannian manifolds Cauchy and Poisson integrals over {\it unbounded\/} sets are employed to prove Mittag-Leffler type theorems with massive singularities as well as approximation theorems for holomorphic and harmonic functions. Keywords:holomorphic, harmonic, Mittag-Leffler, RungeCategories:30F99, 31C12 48. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 887) Borwein, Peter; Pinner, Christopher  Polynomials with$\{ 0, +1, -1\}$coefficients and a root close to a given point For a fixed algebraic number$\alpha$we discuss how closely$\alpha$can be approximated by a root of a$\{0,+1,-1\}$polynomial of given degree. We show that the worst rate of approximation tends to occur for roots of unity, particularly those of small degree. For roots of unity these bounds depend on the order of vanishing,$k$, of the polynomial at$\alpha$. In particular we obtain the following. Let${\cal B}_{N}$denote the set of roots of all$\{0,+1,-1\}$polynomials of degree at most$N$and${\cal B}_{N}(\alpha,k)$the roots of those polynomials that have a root of order at most$k$at$\alpha$. For a Pisot number$\alpha$in$(1,2]$we show that $\min_{\beta \in {\cal B}_{N}\setminus \{ \alpha \}} |\alpha -\beta| \asymp \frac{1}{\alpha^{N}},$ and for a root of unity$\alpha$that $\min_{\beta \in {\cal B}_{N}(\alpha,k)\setminus \{\alpha\}} |\alpha -\beta|\asymp \frac{1}{N^{(k+1) \left\lceil \frac{1}{2}\phi (d)\right\rceil +1}}.$ We study in detail the case of$\alpha=1$, where, by far, the best approximations are real. We give fairly precise bounds on the closest real root to 1. When$k=0$or 1 we can describe the extremal polynomials explicitly. Keywords:Mahler measure, zero one polynomials, Pisot numbers, root separationCategories:11J68, 30C10 49. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 617) Stahl, Saul  On the zeros of some genus polynomials In the genus polynomial of the graph$G$, the coefficient of$x^k$is the number of distinct embeddings of the graph$G$on the oriented surface of genus$k$. It is shown that for several infinite families of graphs all the zeros of the genus polynomial are real and negative. This implies that their coefficients, which constitute the genus distribution of the graph, are log concave and therefore also unimodal. The geometric distribution of the zeros of some of these polynomials is also investigated and some new genus polynomials are presented. Categories:05C10, 05A15, 30C15, 26C10 50. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 520) Ismail, Mourad E. H.; Stanton, Dennis  Classical orthogonal polynomials as moments We show that the Meixner, Pollaczek, Meixner-Pollaczek, the continuous$q$-ultraspherical polynomials and Al-Salam-Chihara polynomials, in certain normalization, are moments of probability measures. We use this fact to derive bilinear and multilinear generating functions for some of these polynomials. We also comment on the corresponding formulas for the Charlier, Hermite and Laguerre polynomials. Keywords:Classical orthogonal polynomials, \ACP, continuous,$q\$-ultraspherical polynomials, generating functions, multilinear, generating functions, transformation formulas, umbral calculusCategories:33D45, 33D20, 33C45, 30E05
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