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151. CJM 1999 (vol 51 pp. 936)

David, Chantal; Kisilevsky, Hershy; Pappalardi, Francesco
 Galois Representations with Non-Surjective Traces Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over $\q$, and let $r$ be an integer. According to the Lang-Trotter conjecture, the number of primes $p$ such that $a_p(E) = r$ is either finite, or is asymptotic to $C_{E,r} {\sqrt{x}} / {\log{x}}$ where $C_{E,r}$ is a non-zero constant. A typical example of the former is the case of rational $\ell$-torsion, where $a_p(E) = r$ is impossible if $r \equiv 1 \pmod{\ell}$. We prove in this paper that, when $E$ has a rational $\ell$-isogeny and $\ell \neq 11$, the number of primes $p$ such that $a_p(E) \equiv r \pmod{\ell}$ is finite (for some $r$ modulo $\ell$) if and only if $E$ has rational $\ell$-torsion over the cyclotomic field $\q(\zeta_\ell)$. The case $\ell=11$ is special, and is also treated in the paper. We also classify all those occurences. Category:14H52

152. CJM 1999 (vol 51 pp. 771)

Flicker, Yuval Z.
 Stable Bi-Period Summation Formula and Transfer Factors This paper starts by introducing a bi-periodic summation formula for automorphic forms on a group $G(E)$, with periods by a subgroup $G(F)$, where $E/F$ is a quadratic extension of number fields. The split case, where $E = F \oplus F$, is that of the standard trace formula. Then it introduces a notion of stable bi-conjugacy, and stabilizes the geometric side of the bi-period summation formula. Thus weighted sums in the stable bi-conjugacy class are expressed in terms of stable bi-orbital integrals. These stable integrals are on the same endoscopic groups $H$ which occur in the case of standard conjugacy. The spectral side of the bi-period summation formula involves periods, namely integrals over the group of $F$-adele points of $G$, of cusp forms on the group of $E$-adele points on the group $G$. Our stabilization suggests that such cusp forms---with non vanishing periods---and the resulting bi-period distributions associated to periodic'' automorphic forms, are related to analogous bi-period distributions associated to periodic'' automorphic forms on the endoscopic symmetric spaces $H(E)/H(F)$. This offers a sharpening of the theory of liftings, where periods play a key role. The stabilization depends on the fundamental lemma'', which conjectures that the unit elements of the Hecke algebras on $G$ and $H$ have matching orbital integrals. Even in stating this conjecture, one needs to introduce a transfer factor''. A generalization of the standard transfer factor to the bi-periodic case is introduced. The generalization depends on a new definition of the factors even in the standard case. Finally, the fundamental lemma is verified for $\SL(2)$. Categories:11F72, 11F70, 14G27, 14L35

153. CJM 1999 (vol 51 pp. 616)

Panyushev, Dmitri I.
 Parabolic Subgroups with Abelian Unipotent Radical as a Testing Site for Invariant Theory Let $L$ be a simple algebraic group and $P$ a parabolic subgroup with Abelian unipotent radical $P^u$. Many familiar varieties (determinantal varieties, their symmetric and skew-symmetric analogues) arise as closures of $P$-orbits in $P^u$. We give a unified invariant-theoretic treatment of various properties of these orbit closures. We also describe the closures of the conormal bundles of these orbits as the irreducible components of some commuting variety and show that the polynomial algebra $k[P^u]$ is a free module over the algebra of covariants. Categories:14L30, 13A50

154. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 1209)

Fukuma, Yoshiaki
 A lower bound for $K_X L$ of quasi-polarized surfaces $(X,L)$ with non-negative Kodaira dimension Let $X$ be a smooth projective surface over the complex number field and let $L$ be a nef-big divisor on $X$. Here we consider the following conjecture; If the Kodaira dimension $\kappa(X)\geq 0$, then $K_{X}L\geq 2q(X)-4$, where $q(X)$ is the irregularity of $X$. In this paper, we prove that this conjecture is true if (1) the case in which $\kappa(X)=0$ or $1$, (2) the case in which $\kappa(X)=2$ and $h^{0}(L)\geq 2$, or (3) the case in which $\kappa(X)=2$, $X$ is minimal, $h^{0}(L)=1$, and $L$ satisfies some conditions. Keywords:Quasi-polarized surface, sectional genusCategory:14C20

155. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 1253)

López-Bautista, Pedro Ricardo; Villa-Salvador, Gabriel Daniel
 Integral representation of $p$-class groups in ${\Bbb Z}_p$-extensions and the Jacobian variety For an arbitrary finite Galois $p$-extension $L/K$ of $\zp$-cyclotomic number fields of $\CM$-type with Galois group $G = \Gal(L/K)$ such that the Iwasawa invariants $\mu_K^-$, $\mu_L^-$ are zero, we obtain unconditionally and explicitly the Galois module structure of $\clases$, the minus part of the $p$-subgroup of the class group of $L$. For an arbitrary finite Galois $p$-extension $L/K$ of algebraic function fields of one variable over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p$ as its exact field of constants with Galois group $G = \Gal(L/K)$ we obtain unconditionally and explicitly the Galois module structure of the $p$-torsion part of the Jacobian variety $J_L(p)$ associated to $L/k$. Keywords:${\Bbb Z}_p$-extensions, Iwasawa's theory, class group, integral representation, fields of algebraic functions, Jacobian variety, Galois module structureCategories:11R33, 11R23, 11R58, 14H40

156. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 929)

Broer, Abraham
 Decomposition varieties in semisimple Lie algebras The notion of decompositon class in a semisimple Lie algebra is a common generalization of nilpotent orbits and the set of regular semisimple elements. We prove that the closure of a decomposition class has many properties in common with nilpotent varieties, \eg, its normalization has rational singularities. The famous Grothendieck simultaneous resolution is related to the decomposition class of regular semisimple elements. We study the properties of the analogous commutative diagrams associated to an arbitrary decomposition class. Categories:14L30, 14M17, 15A30, 17B45

157. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 863)

Yekutieli, Amnon
 Smooth formal embeddings and the residue complex Let $\pi\colon X \ar S$ be a finite type morphism of noetherian schemes. A {\it smooth formal embedding\/} of $X$ (over $S$) is a bijective closed immersion $X \subset \mfrak{X}$, where $\mfrak{X}$ is a noetherian formal scheme, formally smooth over $S$. An example of such an embedding is the formal completion $\mfrak{X} = Y_{/ X}$ where $X \subset Y$ is an algebraic embedding. Smooth formal embeddings can be used to calculate algebraic De~Rham (co)homology. Our main application is an explicit construction of the Grothendieck residue complex when $S$ is a regular scheme. By definition the residue complex is the Cousin complex of $\pi^{!} \mcal{O}_{S}$, as in \cite{RD}. We start with I-C.~Huang's theory of pseudofunctors on modules with $0$-dimensional support, which provides a graded sheaf $\bigoplus_{q} \mcal{K}^{q}_{\,X / S}$. We then use smooth formal embeddings to obtain the coboundary operator $\delta \colon\mcal{K}^{q}_{X / S} \ar \mcal{K}^{q + 1}_{\,X / S}$. We exhibit a canonical isomorphism between the complex $(\mcal{K}^{\bdot}_{\,X / S}, \delta)$ and the residue complex of \cite{RD}. When $\pi$ is equidimensional of dimension $n$ and generically smooth we show that $\mrm{H}^{-n} \mcal{K}^{\bdot}_{\,X/S}$ is canonically isomorphic to to the sheaf of regular differentials of Kunz-Waldi \cite{KW}. Another issue we discuss is Grothendieck Duality on a noetherian formal scheme $\mfrak{X}$. Our results on duality are used in the construction of $\mcal{K}^{\bdot}_{\,X / S}$. Categories:14B20, 14F10, 14B15, 14F20

158. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 829)

Putcha, Mohan S.
 Conjugacy classes and nilpotent variety of a reductive monoid We continue in this paper our study of conjugacy classes of a reductive monoid $M$. The main theorems establish a strong connection with the Bruhat-Renner decomposition of $M$. We use our results to decompose the variety $M_{\nil}$ of nilpotent elements of $M$ into irreducible components. We also identify a class of nilpotent elements that we call standard and prove that the number of conjugacy classes of standard nilpotent elements is always finite. Categories:20G99, 20M10, 14M99, 20F55

159. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 581)

Kamiyama, Yasuhiko
 The homology of singular polygon spaces Let $M_n$ be the variety of spatial polygons $P= (a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n)$ whose sides are vectors $a_i \in \text{\bf R}^3$ of length $\vert a_i \vert=1 \; (1 \leq i \leq n),$ up to motion in $\text{\bf R}^3.$ It is known that for odd $n$, $M_n$ is a smooth manifold, while for even $n$, $M_n$ has cone-like singular points. For odd $n$, the rational homology of $M_n$ was determined by Kirwan and Klyachko [6], [9]. The purpose of this paper is to determine the rational homology of $M_n$ for even $n$. For even $n$, let ${\tilde M}_n$ be the manifold obtained from $M_n$ by the resolution of the singularities. Then we also determine the integral homology of ${\tilde M}_n$. Keywords:singular polygon space, homologyCategories:14D20, 57N65

160. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 525)

Brockman, William; Haiman, Mark
 Nilpotent orbit varieties and the atomic decomposition of the $q$-Kostka polynomials We study the coordinate rings~$k[\Cmubar\cap\hbox{\Frakvii t}]$ of scheme-theoretic intersections of nilpotent orbit closures with the diagonal matrices. Here $\mu'$ gives the Jordan block structure of the nilpotent matrix. de Concini and Procesi~\cite{deConcini&Procesi} proved a conjecture of Kraft~\cite{Kraft} that these rings are isomorphic to the cohomology rings of the varieties constructed by Springer~\cite{Springer76,Springer78}. The famous $q$-Kostka polynomial~$\Klmt(q)$ is the Hilbert series for the multiplicity of the irreducible symmetric group representation indexed by~$\lambda$ in the ring $k[\Cmubar\cap\hbox{\Frakvii t}]$. \LS~\cite{L&S:Plaxique,Lascoux} gave combinatorially a decomposition of~$\Klmt(q)$ as a sum of atomic'' polynomials with non-negative integer coefficients, and Lascoux proposed a corresponding decomposition in the cohomology model. Our work provides a geometric interpretation of the atomic decomposition. The Frobenius-splitting results of Mehta and van der Kallen~\cite{Mehta&vanderKallen} imply a direct-sum decomposition of the ideals of nilpotent orbit closures, arising from the inclusions of the corresponding sets. We carry out the restriction to the diagonal using a recent theorem of Broer~\cite{Broer}. This gives a direct-sum decomposition of the ideals yielding the $k[\Cmubar\cap \hbox{\Frakvii t}]$, and a new proof of the atomic decomposition of the $q$-Kostka polynomials. Keywords:$q$-Kostka polynomials, atomic decomposition, nilpotent conjugacy classes, nilpotent orbit varietiesCategories:05E10, 14M99, 20G05, 05E15

161. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 378)

Kurth, Alexandre
 Equivariant polynomial automorphism of $\Theta$-representations We show that every equivariant polynomial automorphism of a $\Theta$-repre\-sen\-ta\-tion and of the reduction of an irreducible $\Theta$-representation is a multiple of the identity. Categories:14L30, 14L27

162. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 1281)

Sottile, Frank
 Pieri's formula via explicit rational equivalence Pieri's formula describes the intersection product of a Schubert cycle by a special Schubert cycle on a Grassmannian. We present a new geometric proof, exhibiting an explicit chain of rational equivalences from a suitable sum of distinct Schubert cycles to the intersection of a Schubert cycle with a special Schubert cycle. The geometry of these rational equivalences indicates a link to a combinatorial proof of Pieri's formula using Schensted insertion. Keywords:Pieri's formula, rational equivalence, Grassmannian, Schensted insertionCategories:14M15, 05E10

163. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 675)

de Cataldo, Mark Andrea A.
 Some adjunction-theoretic properties of codimension two non-singular subvarities of quadrics We make precise the structure of the first two reduction morphisms associated with codimension two non-singular subvarieties of non-singular quadrics $\Q^n$, $n\geq 5$. We give a coarse classification of the same class of subvarieties when they are assumed not to be of log-general-type.} Keywords:Adjunction Theory, classification, codimension two, conic bundles,, low codimension, non log-general-type, quadric, reduction, special, variety.Categories:14C05, 14E05, 14E25, 14E30, 14E35, 14J10

164. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 749)

Howe, Lawrence
 Twisted Hasse-Weil $L$-functions and the rank of Mordell-Weil groups Following a method outlined by Greenberg, root number computations give a conjectural lower bound for the ranks of certain Mordell-Weil groups of elliptic curves. More specifically, for $\PQ_{n}$ a \pgl{{\bf Z}/p^{n}{\bf Z}}-extension of ${\bf Q}$ and $E$ an elliptic curve over {\bf Q}, define the motive $E \otimes \rho$, where $\rho$ is any irreducible representation of $\Gal (\PQ_{n}/{\bf Q})$. Under some restrictions, the root number in the conjectural functional equation for the $L$-function of $E \otimes \rho$ is easily computible, and a `$-1$' implies, by the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, that $\rho$ is found in $E(\PQ_{n}) \otimes {\bf C}$. Summing the dimensions of such $\rho$ gives a conjectural lower bound of $$p^{2n} - p^{2n - 1} - p - 1$$ for the rank of $E(\PQ_{n})$. Categories:11G05, 14G10

165. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 417)

Boe, Brian D.; Fu, Joseph H. G.
 Characteristic cycles in Hermitian symmetric spaces We give explicit combinatorial expresssions for the characteristic cycles associated to certain canonical sheaves on Schubert varieties $X$ in the classical Hermitian symmetric spaces: namely the intersection homology sheaves $IH_X$ and the constant sheaves $\Bbb C_X$. The three main cases of interest are the Hermitian symmetric spaces for groups of type $A_n$ (the standard Grassmannian), $C_n$ (the Lagrangian Grassmannian) and $D_n$. In particular we find that $CC(IH_X)$ is irreducible for all Schubert varieties $X$ if and only if the associated Dynkin diagram is simply laced. The result for Schubert varieties in the standard Grassmannian had been established earlier by Bressler, Finkelberg and Lunts, while the computations in the $C_n$ and $D_n$ cases are new. Our approach is to compute $CC(\Bbb C_X)$ by a direct geometric method, then to use the combinatorics of the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials (simplified for Hermitian symmetric spaces) to compute $CC(IH_X)$. The geometric method is based on the fundamental formula $$CC(\Bbb C_X) = \lim_{r\downarrow 0} CC(\Bbb C_{X_r}),$$ where the $X_r \downarrow X$ constitute a family of tubes around the variety $X$. This formula leads at once to an expression for the coefficients of $CC(\Bbb C_X)$ as the degrees of certain singular maps between spheres. Categories:14M15, 22E47, 53C65
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