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1. CJM 2016 (vol 68 pp. 721)

Chandee, Vorrapan; David, Chantal; Koukoulopoulos, Dimitris; Smith, Ethan
 The Frequency of Elliptic Curve Groups Over Prime Finite Fields Letting $p$ vary over all primes and $E$ vary over all elliptic curves over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$, we study the frequency to which a given group $G$ arises as a group of points $E(\mathbb{F}_p)$. It is well-known that the only permissible groups are of the form $G_{m,k}:=\mathbb{Z}/m\mathbb{Z}\times \mathbb{Z}/mk\mathbb{Z}$. Given such a candidate group, we let $M(G_{m,k})$ be the frequency to which the group $G_{m,k}$ arises in this way. Previously, the second and fourth named authors determined an asymptotic formula for $M(G_{m,k})$ assuming a conjecture about primes in short arithmetic progressions. In this paper, we prove several unconditional bounds for $M(G_{m,k})$, pointwise and on average. In particular, we show that $M(G_{m,k})$ is bounded above by a constant multiple of the expected quantity when $m\le k^A$ and that the conjectured asymptotic for $M(G_{m,k})$ holds for almost all groups $G_{m,k}$ when $m\le k^{1/4-\epsilon}$. We also apply our methods to study the frequency to which a given integer $N$ arises as the group order $\#E(\mathbb{F}_p)$. Keywords:average order, elliptic curves, primes in short intervalsCategories:11G07, 11N45, 11N13, 11N36

2. CJM 2011 (vol 64 pp. 81)

David, C.; Wu, J.
 Pseudoprime Reductions of Elliptic Curves Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over $\mathbb Q$ without complex multiplication, and for each prime $p$ of good reduction, let $n_E(p) = | E(\mathbb F_p) |$. For any integer $b$, we consider elliptic pseudoprimes to the base $b$. More precisely, let $Q_{E,b}(x)$ be the number of primes $p \leq x$ such that $b^{n_E(p)} \equiv b\,({\rm mod}\,n_E(p))$, and let $\pi_{E, b}^{\operatorname{pseu}}(x)$ be the number of compositive $n_E(p)$ such that $b^{n_E(p)} \equiv b\,({\rm mod}\,n_E(p))$ (also called elliptic curve pseudoprimes). Motivated by cryptography applications, we address the problem of finding upper bounds for $Q_{E,b}(x)$ and $\pi_{E, b}^{\operatorname{pseu}}(x)$, generalising some of the literature for the classical pseudoprimes to this new setting. Keywords:Rosser-Iwaniec sieve, group order of elliptic curves over finite fields, pseudoprimes Categories:11N36, 14H52

3. CJM 2009 (vol 62 pp. 582)

Konyagin, Sergei V.; Pomerance, Carl; Shparlinski, Igor E.
 On the Distribution of Pseudopowers An x-pseudopower to base g is a positive integer that is not a power of g, yet is so modulo p for all primes $ple x$. We improve an upper bound for the least such number, due to E.~Bach, R.~Lukes, J.~Shallit, and H.~C.~Williams. The method is based on a combination of some bounds of exponential sums with new results about the average behaviour of the multiplicative order of g modulo prime numbers. Categories:11A07, 11L07, 11N36

4. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 1214)

Cilleruelo, Javier; Granville, Andrew
 Close Lattice Points on Circles We classify the sets of four lattice points that all lie on a short arc of a circle that has its center at the origin; specifically on arcs of length $tR^{1/3}$ on a circle of radius $R$, for any given $t>0$. In particular we prove that any arc of length $(40 + \frac{40}3\sqrt{10} )^{1/3}R^{1/3}$ on a circle of radius $R$, with $R>\sqrt{65}$, contains at most three lattice points, whereas we give an explicit infinite family of $4$-tuples of lattice points, $(\nu_{1,n},\nu_{2,n},\nu_{3,n},\nu_{4,n})$, each of which lies on an arc of length $(40 + \frac{40}3\sqrt{10})^{\smash{1/3}}R_n^{\smash{1/3}}+o(1)$ on a circle of radius $R_n$. Category:11N36

5. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 336)

Garaev, M. Z.
 The Large Sieve Inequality for the Exponential Sequence $\lambda^{[O(n^{15/14+o(1)})]}$ Modulo Primes Let $\lambda$ be a fixed integer exceeding $1$ and $s_n$ any strictly increasing sequence of positive integers satisfying $s_n\le n^{15/14+o(1)}.$ In this paper we give a version of the large sieve inequality for the sequence $\lambda^{s_n}.$ In particular, we obtain nontrivial estimates of the associated trigonometric sums on average" and establish equidistribution properties of the numbers $\lambda^{s_n} , n\le p(\log p)^{2+\varepsilon}$, modulo $p$ for most primes $p.$ Keywords:Large sieve, exponential sumsCategories:11L07, 11N36

6. CJM 2005 (vol 57 pp. 1155)

Cojocaru, Alina Carmen; Fouvry, Etienne; Murty, M. Ram
 The Square Sieve and the Lang--Trotter Conjecture Let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined over $\Q$ and without complex multiplication. Let $K$ be a fixed imaginary quadratic field. We find nontrivial upper bounds for the number of ordinary primes $p \leq x$ for which $\Q(\pi_p) = K$, where $\pi_p$ denotes the Frobenius endomorphism of $E$ at $p$. More precisely, under a generalized Riemann hypothesis we show that this number is $O_{E}(x^{\slfrac{17}{18}}\log x)$, and unconditionally we show that this number is $O_{E, K}\bigl(\frac{x(\log \log x)^{\slfrac{13}{12}}} {(\log x)^{\slfrac{25}{24}}}\bigr)$. We also prove that the number of imaginary quadratic fields $K$, with $-\disc K \leq x$ and of the form $K = \Q(\pi_p)$, is $\gg_E\log\log\log x$ for $x\geq x_0(E)$. These results represent progress towards a 1976 Lang--Trotter conjecture. Keywords:Elliptic curves modulo $p$; Lang--Trotter conjecture;, applications of sieve methodsCategories:11G05, 11N36, 11R45

7. CJM 2005 (vol 57 pp. 298)

Kumchev, Angel V.
 On the Waring--Goldbach Problem: Exceptional Sets for Sums of Cubes and Higher Powers We investigate exceptional sets in the Waring--Goldbach problem. For example, in the cubic case, we show that all but $O(N^{79/84+\epsilon})$ integers subject to the necessary local conditions can be represented as the sum of five cubes of primes. Furthermore, we develop a new device that leads easily to similar estimates for exceptional sets for sums of fourth and higher powers of primes. Categories:11P32, 11L15, 11L20, 11N36, 11P55

8. CJM 2004 (vol 56 pp. 71)

Harper, Malcolm; Murty, M. Ram
 Euclidean Rings of Algebraic Integers Let $K$ be a finite Galois extension of the field of rational numbers with unit rank greater than~3. We prove that the ring of integers of $K$ is a Euclidean domain if and only if it is a principal ideal domain. This was previously known under the assumption of the generalized Riemann hypothesis for Dedekind zeta functions. We now prove this unconditionally. Categories:11R04, 11R27, 11R32, 11R42, 11N36

9. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 673)

Balog, Antal; Wooley, Trevor D.
 Sums of Two Squares in Short Intervals Let $\calS$ denote the set of integers representable as a sum of two squares. Since $\calS$ can be described as the unsifted elements of a sieving process of positive dimension, it is to be expected that $\calS$ has many properties in common with the set of prime numbers. In this paper we exhibit unexpected irregularities'' in the distribution of sums of two squares in short intervals, a phenomenon analogous to that discovered by Maier, over a decade ago, in the distribution of prime numbers. To be precise, we show that there are infinitely many short intervals containing considerably more elements of $\calS$ than expected, and infinitely many intervals containing considerably fewer than expected. Keywords:sums of two squares, sieves, short intervals, smooth numbersCategories:11N36, 11N37, 11N25

10. CJM 1998 (vol 50 pp. 465)

Balog, Antal
 Six primes and an almost prime in four linear equations There are infinitely many triplets of primes $p,q,r$ such that the arithmetic means of any two of them, ${p+q\over2}$, ${p+r\over2}$, ${q+r\over2}$ are also primes. We give an asymptotic formula for the number of such triplets up to a limit. The more involved problem of asking that in addition to the above the arithmetic mean of all three of them, ${p+q+r\over3}$ is also prime seems to be out of reach. We show by combining the Hardy-Littlewood method with the sieve method that there are quite a few triplets for which six of the seven entries are primes and the last is almost prime.} Categories:11P32, 11N36
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