In this paper, we generalize a conjecture due to Darmon and Logan in an adelic setting. We study the relation between our construction and Kudla's works on cycles on orthogonal Shimura varieties. This relation allows us to conjecture a Gross-Kohnen-Zagier theorem for Darmon's points.

We discuss a clean level lowering theorem modulo prime powers for weight $2$ cusp forms. Furthermore, we illustrate how this can be used to completely solve certain twisted Fermat equations $ax^n+by^n+cz^n=0$.

Fix an elliptic curve $E/\mathbb{Q}$ and assume the Riemann Hypothesis for the $L$-function $L(E_D, s)$ for every quadratic twist $E_D$ of $E$ by $D\in\mathbb{Z}$. We combine Weil's explicit formula with techniques of Heath-Brown to derive an asymptotic upper bound for the weighted moments of the analytic rank of $E_D$. We derive from this an upper bound for the density of low-lying zeros of $L(E_D, s)$ that is compatible with the random matrix models of Katz and Sarnak. We also show that for any unbounded increasing function $f$ on $\mathbb{R}$, the analytic rank and (assuming in addition the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture) the number of integral points of $E_D$ are less than $f(D)$ for almost all $D$.

Let $E$ be an elliptic curve, and let $L_n$ be the Kummer extension generated by a primitive $p^n$-th root of unity and a $p^n$-th root of $a$ for a fixed $a\in \mathbb{Q}^\times-\{\pm 1\}$. A detailed case study by Coates, Fukaya, Kato and Sujatha and V. Dokchitser has led these authors to predict unbounded and strikingly regular growth for the rank of $E$ over $L_n$ in certain cases. The aim of this note is to explain how some of these predictions might be accounted for by Heegner points arising from a varying collection of Shimura curve parametrisations.

We study $p$-indivisibility of the central values $L(1,E_d)$ of quadratic twists $E_d$ of a semi-stable elliptic curve $E$ of conductor $N$. A consideration of the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer shows that the set of quadratic discriminants $d$ splits naturally into several families $\mathcal{F}_S$, indexed by subsets $S$ of the primes dividing $N$. Let $\delta_S= \gcd_{d\in \mathcal{F}_S} L(1,E_d)^{\operatorname{alg}}$, where $L(1,E_d)^{\operatorname{alg}}$ denotes the algebraic part of the central $L$-value, $L(1,E_d)$. Our main theorem relates the $p$-adic valuations of $\delta_S$ as $S$ varies. As a consequence we present an application to a refined version of a question of Kolyvagin. Finally we explain an intriguing (albeit speculative) relation between Waldspurger packets on $\widetilde{\operatorname{SL}_2}$ and congruences of modular forms of integral and half-integral weight. In this context, we formulate a conjecture on congruences of half-integral weight forms and explain its relevance to the problem of $p$-indivisibility of $L$-values of quadratic twists.

Let $k$ be a global field, $\overline{k}$ a separable closure of $k$, and $G_k$ the absolute Galois group $\Gal(\overline{k}/k)$ of $\overline{k}$ over $k$. For every $\sigma\in G_k$, let $\ks$ be the fixed subfield of $\overline{k}$ under $\sigma$. Let $E/k$ be an elliptic curve over $k$. It is known that the Mordell--Weil group $E(\ks)$ has infinite rank. We present a new proof of this fact in the following two cases. First, when $k$ is a global function field of odd characteristic and $E$ is parametrized by a Drinfeld modular curve, and secondly when $k$ is a totally real number field and $E/k$ is parametrized by a Shimura curve. In both cases our approach uses the non-triviality of a sequence of Heegner points on $E$ defined over ring class fields.

Let $K$ be a number field, $\overline{K}$ an algebraic closure of $K$ and $E/K$ an elliptic curve defined over $K$. In this paper, we prove that if $E/K$ has a $K$-rational point $P$ such that $2P\neq O$ and $3P\neq O$, then for each $\sigma\in \Gal(\overline{K}/K)$, the Mordell--Weil group $E(\overline{K}^{\sigma})$ of $E$ over the fixed subfield of $\overline{K}$ under $\sigma$ has infinite rank.

Let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined over $\Q$ and without complex multiplication. Let $K$ be a fixed imaginary quadratic field. We find nontrivial upper bounds for the number of ordinary primes $p \leq x$ for which $\Q(\pi_p) = K$, where $\pi_p$ denotes the Frobenius endomorphism of $E$ at $p$. More precisely, under a generalized Riemann hypothesis we show that this number is $O_{E}(x^{\slfrac{17}{18}}\log x)$, and unconditionally we show that this number is $O_{E, K}\bigl(\frac{x(\log \log x)^{\slfrac{13}{12}}} {(\log x)^{\slfrac{25}{24}}}\bigr)$. We also prove that the number of imaginary quadratic fields $K$, with $-\disc K \leq x$ and of the form $K = \Q(\pi_p)$, is $\gg_E\log\log\log x$ for $x\geq x_0(E)$. These results represent progress towards a 1976 Lang--Trotter conjecture.

Suppose $K$ is an imaginary quadratic field and $E$ is an elliptic curve over a number field $F$ with complex multiplication by the ring of integers in $K$. Let $p$ be a rational prime that splits as $\mathfrak{p}_{1}\mathfrak{p}_{2}$ in $K$. Let $E_{p^{n}}$ denote the $p^{n}$-division points on $E$. Assume that $F(E_{p^{n}})$ is abelian over $K$ for all $n\geq 0$. This paper proves that the Pontrjagin dual of the $\mathfrak{p}_{1}^{\infty}$-Selmer group of $E$ over $F(E_{p^{\infty}})$ is a finitely generated free $\Lambda$-module, where $\Lambda$ is the Iwasawa algebra of $\Gal\bigl(F(E_{p^{\infty}})/ F(E_{\mathfrak{p}_{1}^{\infty}\mathfrak{p}_{2}})\bigr)$. It also gives a simple formula for the rank of the Pontrjagin dual as a $\Lambda$-module.

In this paper, we develop techniques for solving ternary Diophantine equations of the shape $Ax^n + By^n = Cz^2$, based upon the theory of Galois representations and modular forms. We subsequently utilize these methods to completely solve such equations for various choices of the parameters $A$, $B$ and $C$. We conclude with an application of our results to certain classical polynomial-exponential equations, such as those of Ramanujan--Nagell type.

Generically, one can attach to a $\mathbf{Q}$-curve $C$ octahedral representations $\rho\colon\Gal(\bar{\mathbf{Q}}/\mathbf{Q})\rightarrow\GL_2(\bar\mathbf{F}_3)$ coming from the Galois action on the $3$-torsion of those abelian varieties of $\GL_2$-type whose building block is $C$. When $C$ is defined over a quadratic field and has an isogeny of degree $2$ to its Galois conjugate, there exist such representations $\rho$ having image into $\GL_2(\mathbf{F}_9)$. Going the other way, we can ask which $\mod 3$ octahedral representations $\rho$ of $\Gal(\bar\mathbf{Q}/\mathbf{Q})$ arise from $\mathbf{Q}$-curves in the above sense. We characterize those arising from quadratic $\mathbf{Q}$-curves of degree $2$. The approach makes use of Galois embedding techniques in $\GL_2(\mathbf{F}_9)$, and the characterization can be given in terms of a quartic polynomial defining the $\mathcal{S}_4$-extension of $\mathbf{Q}$ corresponding to the projective representation $\bar{\rho}$.

In this paper, we study the Mordell-Weil group of an elliptic curve as a Galois module. We consider an elliptic curve $E$ defined over a number field $K$ whose Mordell-Weil rank over a Galois extension $F$ is $1$, $2$ or $3$. We show that $E$ acquires a point (points) of infinite order over a field whose Galois group is one of $C_n \times C_m$ ($n= 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, m= 1, 2$), $D_n \times C_m$ ($n= 2, 3, 4, 6, m= 1, 2$), $A_4 \times C_m$ ($m=1,2$), $S_4 \times C_m$ ($m=1,2$). Next, we consider the case where $E$ has complex multiplication by the ring of integers $\o$ of an imaginary quadratic field $\k$ contained in $K$. Suppose that the $\o$-rank over a Galois extension $F$ is $1$ or $2$. If $\k\neq\Q(\sqrt{-1})$ and $\Q(\sqrt{-3})$ and $h_{\k}$ (class number of $\k$) is odd, we show that $E$ acquires positive $\o$-rank over a cyclic extension of $K$ or over a field whose Galois group is one of $\SL_2(\Z/3\Z)$, an extension of $\SL_2(\Z/3\Z)$ by $\Z/2\Z$, or a central extension by the dihedral group. Finally, we discuss the relation of the above results to the vanishing of $L$-functions.

Following a method outlined by Greenberg, root number computations give a conjectural lower bound for the ranks of certain Mordell-Weil groups of elliptic curves. More specifically, for $\PQ_{n}$ a \pgl{{\bf Z}/p^{n}{\bf Z}}-extension of ${\bf Q}$ and $E$ an elliptic curve over {\bf Q}, define the motive $E \otimes \rho$, where $\rho$ is any irreducible representation of $\Gal (\PQ_{n}/{\bf Q})$. Under some restrictions, the root number in the conjectural functional equation for the $L$-function of $E \otimes \rho$ is easily computible, and a `$-1$' implies, by the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, that $\rho$ is found in $E(\PQ_{n}) \otimes {\bf C}$. Summing the dimensions of such $\rho$ gives a conjectural lower bound of $$ p^{2n} - p^{2n - 1} - p - 1 $$ for the rank of $E(\PQ_{n})$.