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176. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 352)

Haines, Thomas J.
 On Connected Components of Shimura Varieties We study the cohomology of connected components of Shimura varieties $S_{K^p}$ coming from the group $\GSp_{2g}$, by an approach modeled on the stabilization of the twisted trace formula, due to Kottwitz and Shelstad. More precisely, for each character $\olomega$ on the group of connected components of $S_{K^p}$ we define an operator $L(\omega)$ on the cohomology groups with compact supports $H^i_c (S_{K^p}, \olbbQ_\ell)$, and then we prove that the virtual trace of the composition of $L(\omega)$ with a Hecke operator $f$ away from $p$ and a sufficiently high power of a geometric Frobenius $\Phi^r_p$, can be expressed as a sum of $\omega$-{\em weighted} (twisted) orbital integrals (where $\omega$-{\em weighted} means that the orbital integrals and twisted orbital integrals occuring here each have a weighting factor coming from the character $\olomega$). As the crucial step, we define and study a new invariant $\alpha_1 (\gamma_0; \gamma, \delta)$ which is a refinement of the invariant $\alpha (\gamma_0; \gamma, \delta)$ defined by Kottwitz. This is done by using a theorem of Reimann and Zink. Categories:14G35, 11F70

177. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 92)

Mezo, Paul
 Comparisons of General Linear Groups and their Metaplectic Coverings I We prepare for a comparison of global trace formulas of general linear groups and their metaplectic coverings. In particular, we generalize the local metaplectic correspondence of Flicker and Kazhdan and describe the terms expected to appear in the invariant trace formulas of the above covering groups. The conjectural trace formulas are then placed into a form suitable for comparison. Categories:11F70, 11F72, 22E50

178. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 71)

Choi, Kwok-Kwong Stephen; Liu, Jianya
 Small Prime Solutions of Quadratic Equations Let $b_1,\dots,b_5$ be non-zero integers and $n$ any integer. Suppose that $b_1 + \cdots + b_5 \equiv n \pmod{24}$ and $(b_i,b_j) = 1$ for $1 \leq i < j \leq 5$. In this paper we prove that \begin{enumerate}[(ii)] \item[(i)] if $b_j$ are not all of the same sign, then the above quadratic equation has prime solutions satisfying $p_j \ll \sqrt{|n|} + \max \{|b_j|\}^{20+\ve}$; and \item[(ii)] if all $b_j$ are positive and $n \gg \max \{|b_j|\}^{41+ \ve}$, then the quadratic equation $b_1 p_1^2 + \cdots + b_5 p_5^2 = n$ is soluble in primes $p_j$. \end{enumerate} Categories:11P32, 11P05, 11P55

179. CJM 2001 (vol 53 pp. 1194)

Louboutin, Stéphane
 Explicit Upper Bounds for Residues of Dedekind Zeta Functions and Values of $L$-Functions at $s=1$, and Explicit Lower Bounds for Relative Class Numbers of $\CM$-Fields We provide the reader with a uniform approach for obtaining various useful explicit upper bounds on residues of Dedekind zeta functions of numbers fields and on absolute values of values at $s=1$ of $L$-series associated with primitive characters on ray class groups of number fields. To make it quite clear to the reader how useful such bounds are when dealing with class number problems for $\CM$-fields, we deduce an upper bound for the root discriminants of the normal $\CM$-fields with (relative) class number one. Keywords:Dedekind zeta functions, $L$-functions, relative class numbers, $\CM$-fieldsCategories:11R42, 11R29

180. CJM 2001 (vol 53 pp. 897)

Bennett, Michael A.
 On Some Exponential Equations of S.~S.~Pillai In this paper, we establish a number of theorems on the classic Diophantine equation of S.~S.~Pillai, $a^x-b^y=c$, where $a$, $b$ and $c$ are given nonzero integers with $a,b \geq 2$. In particular, we obtain the sharp result that there are at most two solutions in positive integers $x$ and $y$ and deduce a variety of explicit conditions under which there exists at most a single such solution. These improve or generalize prior work of Le, Leveque, Pillai, Scott and Terai. The main tools used include lower bounds for linear forms in the logarithms of (two) algebraic numbers and various elementary arguments. Categories:11D61, 11D45, 11J86

181. CJM 2001 (vol 53 pp. 866)

Yang, Yifan
 Inverse Problems for Partition Functions Let $p_w(n)$ be the weighted partition function defined by the generating function $\sum^\infty_{n=0}p_w(n)x^n=\prod^\infty_{m=1} (1-x^m)^{-w(m)}$, where $w(m)$ is a non-negative arithmetic function. Let $P_w(u)=\sum_{n\le u}p_w(n)$ and $N_w(u)=\sum_{n\le u}w(n)$ be the summatory functions for $p_w(n)$ and $w(n)$, respectively. Generalizing results of G.~A.~Freiman and E.~E.~Kohlbecker, we show that, for a large class of functions $\Phi(u)$ and $\lambda(u)$, an estimate for $P_w(u)$ of the form $\log P_w(u)=\Phi(u)\bigl\{1+O(1/\lambda(u)\bigr)\bigr\}$ $(u\to\infty)$ implies an estimate for $N_w(u)$ of the form $N_w(u)=\Phi^\ast(u)\bigl\{1+O\bigl(1/\log\lambda(u)\bigr)\bigr\}$ $(u\to\infty)$ with a suitable function $\Phi^\ast(u)$ defined in terms of $\Phi(u)$. We apply this result and related results to obtain characterizations of the Riemann Hypothesis and the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis in terms of the asymptotic behavior of certain weighted partition functions. Categories:11P82, 11M26, 40E05

182. CJM 2001 (vol 53 pp. 449)

Akbary, Amir; Murty, V. Kumar
 Descending Rational Points on Elliptic Curves to Smaller Fields In this paper, we study the Mordell-Weil group of an elliptic curve as a Galois module. We consider an elliptic curve $E$ defined over a number field $K$ whose Mordell-Weil rank over a Galois extension $F$ is $1$, $2$ or $3$. We show that $E$ acquires a point (points) of infinite order over a field whose Galois group is one of $C_n \times C_m$ ($n= 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, m= 1, 2$), $D_n \times C_m$ ($n= 2, 3, 4, 6, m= 1, 2$), $A_4 \times C_m$ ($m=1,2$), $S_4 \times C_m$ ($m=1,2$). Next, we consider the case where $E$ has complex multiplication by the ring of integers $\o$ of an imaginary quadratic field $\k$ contained in $K$. Suppose that the $\o$-rank over a Galois extension $F$ is $1$ or $2$. If $\k\neq\Q(\sqrt{-1})$ and $\Q(\sqrt{-3})$ and $h_{\k}$ (class number of $\k$) is odd, we show that $E$ acquires positive $\o$-rank over a cyclic extension of $K$ or over a field whose Galois group is one of $\SL_2(\Z/3\Z)$, an extension of $\SL_2(\Z/3\Z)$ by $\Z/2\Z$, or a central extension by the dihedral group. Finally, we discuss the relation of the above results to the vanishing of $L$-functions. Categories:11G05, 11G40, 11R32, 11R33

183. CJM 2001 (vol 53 pp. 434)

van der Poorten, Alfred J.; Williams, Kenneth S.
 Values of the Dedekind Eta Function at Quadratic Irrationalities: Corrigendum Habib Muzaffar of Carleton University has pointed out to the authors that in their paper [A] only the result $\pi_{K,d}(x)+\pi_{K^{-1},d}(x)=\frac{1}{h(d)}\frac{x}{\log x}+O_{K,d}\Bigl(\frac {x}{\log^2x}\Bigr)$ follows from the prime ideal theorem with remainder for ideal classes, and not the stronger result $\pi_{K,d}(x)=\frac{1}{2h(d)}\frac{x}{\log x}+O_{K,d}\Bigl(\frac {x}{\log^2x}\Bigr)$ stated in Lemma~5.2. This necessitates changes in Sections~5 and 6 of [A]. The main results of the paper are not affected by these changes. It should also be noted that, starting on page 177 of [A], each and every occurrence of $o(s-1)$ should be replaced by $o(1)$. Sections~5 and 6 of [A] have been rewritten to incorporate the above mentioned correction and are given below. They should replace the original Sections~5 and 6 of [A]. Keywords:Dedekind eta function, quadratic irrationalities, binary quadratic forms, form class groupCategories:11F20, 11E45

184. CJM 2001 (vol 53 pp. 310)

Ito, Hiroshi
 On a Product Related to the Cubic Gauss Sum, III We have seen, in the previous works [5], [6], that the argument of a certain product is closely connected to that of the cubic Gauss sum. Here the absolute value of the product will be investigated. Keywords:Gauss sum, Lagrange resolventCategories:11L05, 11R33

185. CJM 2001 (vol 53 pp. 244)

Goldberg, David; Shahidi, Freydoon
 On the Tempered Spectrum of Quasi-Split Classical Groups II We determine the poles of the standard intertwining operators for a maximal parabolic subgroup of the quasi-split unitary group defined by a quadratic extension $E/F$ of $p$-adic fields of characteristic zero. We study the case where the Levi component $M \simeq \GL_n (E) \times U_m (F)$, with $n \equiv m$ $(\mod 2)$. This, along with earlier work, determines the poles of the local Rankin-Selberg product $L$-function $L(s, \tau' \times \tau)$, with $\tau'$ an irreducible unitary supercuspidal representation of $\GL_n (E)$ and $\tau$ a generic irreducible unitary supercuspidal representation of $U_m (F)$. The results are interpreted using the theory of twisted endoscopy. Categories:22E50, 11S70

186. CJM 2001 (vol 53 pp. 414)

Rivat, Joël; Sargos, Patrick
 Nombres premiers de la forme $\floor{n^c}$ For $c>1$ we denote by $\pi_c(x)$ the number of integers $n \leq x$ such that $\floor{n^c}$ is prime. In 1953, Piatetski-Shapiro has proved that $\pi_c(x) \sim \frac{x}{c\log x}$, $x \rightarrow +\infty$ holds for $c<12/11$. Many authors have extended this range, which measures our progress in exponential sums techniques. In this article we obtain $c < 1.16117\dots\;$. Categories:11L07, 11L20, 11N05

187. CJM 2001 (vol 53 pp. 33)

Borwein, Peter; Choi, Kwok-Kwong Stephen
 Merit Factors of Polynomials Formed by Jacobi Symbols We give explicit formulas for the $L_4$ norm (or equivalently for the merit factors) of various sequences of polynomials related to the polynomials $$f(z) := \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \leg{n}{N} z^n.$$ and $$f_t(z) = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \leg{n+t}{N} z^n.$$ where $(\frac{\cdot}{N})$ is the Jacobi symbol. Two cases of particular interest are when $N = pq$ is a product of two primes and $p = q+2$ or $p = q+4$. This extends work of H{\o}holdt, Jensen and Jensen and of the authors. This study arises from a number of conjectures of Erd\H{o}s, Littlewood and others that concern the norms of polynomials with $-1,1$ coefficients on the disc. The current best examples are of the above form when $N$ is prime and it is natural to see what happens for composite~$N$. Keywords:Character polynomial, Class Number, $-1,1$ coefficients, Merit factor, Fekete polynomials, Turyn Polynomials, Littlewood polynomials, Twin Primes, Jacobi SymbolsCategories:11J54, 11B83, 12-04

188. CJM 2001 (vol 53 pp. 122)

Levy, Jason
 A Truncated Integral of the Poisson Summation Formula Let $G$ be a reductive algebraic group defined over $\bQ$, with anisotropic centre. Given a rational action of $G$ on a finite-dimensional vector space $V$, we analyze the truncated integral of the theta series corresponding to a Schwartz-Bruhat function on $V(\bA)$. The Poisson summation formula then yields an identity of distributions on $V(\bA)$. The truncation used is due to Arthur. Categories:11F99, 11F72

189. CJM 2001 (vol 53 pp. 98)

Khuri-Makdisi, Kamal
 On the Curves Associated to Certain Rings of Automorphic Forms In a 1987 paper, Gross introduced certain curves associated to a definite quaternion algebra $B$ over $\Q$; he then proved an analog of his result with Zagier for these curves. In Gross' paper, the curves were defined in a somewhat {\it ad hoc\/} manner. In this article, we present an interpretation of these curves as projective varieties arising from graded rings of automorphic forms on $B^\times$, analogously to the construction in the Satake compactification. To define such graded rings, one needs to introduce a multiplication'' of automorphic forms that arises from the representation ring of $B^\times$. The resulting curves are unions of projective lines equipped with a collection of Hecke correspondences. They parametrize two-dimensional complex tori with quaternionic multiplication. In general, these complex tori are not abelian varieties; they are algebraic precisely when they correspond to $\CM$ points on these curves, and are thus isogenous to a product $E \times E$, where $E$ is an elliptic curve with complex multiplication. For these $\CM$ points one can make a relation between the action of the $p$-th Hecke operator and Frobenius at $p$, similar to the well-known congruence relation of Eichler and Shimura. Category:11F

190. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 1121)

Ballantine, Cristina M.
 Ramanujan Type Buildings We will construct a finite union of finite quotients of the affine building of the group $\GL_3$ over the field of $p$-adic numbers $\mathbb{Q}_p$. We will view this object as a hypergraph and estimate the spectrum of its underlying graph. Keywords:automorphic representations, buildingsCategory:11F70

191. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 1269)

Spriano, Luca
 Well Ramified Extensions of Complete Discrete Valuation Fields with Applications to the Kato Conductor We study extensions $L/K$ of complete discrete valuation fields $K$ with residue field $\oK$ of characteristic $p > 0$, which we do not assume to be perfect. Our work concerns ramification theory for such extensions, in particular we show that all classical properties which are true under the hypothesis {\it the residue field extension $\oL/\oK$ is separable''} are still valid under the more general hypothesis that the valuation ring extension is monogenic. We also show that conversely, if classical ramification properties hold true for an extension $L/K$, then the extension of valuation rings is monogenic. These are the {\it well ramified}'' extensions. We show that there are only three possible types of well ramified extensions and we give examples. In the last part of the paper we consider, for the three types, Kato's generalization of the conductor, which we show how to bound in certain cases. Categories:11S, 11S15, 11S20

192. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 833)

Mináč, Ján; Smith, Tara L.
 W-Groups under Quadratic Extensions of Fields To each field $F$ of characteristic not $2$, one can associate a certain Galois group $\G_F$, the so-called W-group of $F$, which carries essentially the same information as the Witt ring $W(F)$ of $F$. In this paper we investigate the connection between $\wg$ and $\G_{F(\sqrt{a})}$, where $F(\sqrt{a})$ is a proper quadratic extension of $F$. We obtain a precise description in the case when $F$ is a pythagorean formally real field and $a = -1$, and show that the W-group of a proper field extension $K/F$ is a subgroup of the W-group of $F$ if and only if $F$ is a formally real pythagorean field and $K = F(\sqrt{-1})$. This theorem can be viewed as an analogue of the classical Artin-Schreier's theorem describing fields fixed by finite subgroups of absolute Galois groups. We also obtain precise results in the case when $a$ is a double-rigid element in $F$. Some of these results carry over to the general setting. Categories:11E81, 12D15

193. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 804)

Kottwitz, Robert E.; Rogawski, Jonathan D.
 The Distributions in the Invariant Trace Formula Are Supported on Characters J.~Arthur put the trace formula in invariant form for all connected reductive groups and certain disconnected ones. However his work was written so as to apply to the general disconnected case, modulo two missing ingredients. This paper supplies one of those missing ingredients, namely an argument in Galois cohomology of a kind first used by D.~Kazhdan in the connected case. Categories:22E50, 11S37, 10D40

194. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 673)

Balog, Antal; Wooley, Trevor D.
 Sums of Two Squares in Short Intervals Let $\calS$ denote the set of integers representable as a sum of two squares. Since $\calS$ can be described as the unsifted elements of a sieving process of positive dimension, it is to be expected that $\calS$ has many properties in common with the set of prime numbers. In this paper we exhibit unexpected irregularities'' in the distribution of sums of two squares in short intervals, a phenomenon analogous to that discovered by Maier, over a decade ago, in the distribution of prime numbers. To be precise, we show that there are infinitely many short intervals containing considerably more elements of $\calS$ than expected, and infinitely many intervals containing considerably fewer than expected. Keywords:sums of two squares, sieves, short intervals, smooth numbersCategories:11N36, 11N37, 11N25

195. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 737)

Gan, Wee Teck
 An Automorphic Theta Module for Quaternionic Exceptional Groups We construct an automorphic realization of the global minimal representation of quaternionic exceptional groups, using the theory of Eisenstein series, and use this for the study of theta correspondences. Categories:11F27, 11F70

196. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 613)

Ou, Zhiming M.; Williams, Kenneth S.
 Small Solutions of $\phi_1 x_1^2 + \cdots + \phi_n x_n^2 = 0$ Let $\phi_1,\dots,\phi_n$ $(n\geq 2)$ be nonzero integers such that the equation $$\sum_{i=1}^n \phi_i x_i^2 = 0$$ is solvable in integers $x_1,\dots,x_n$ not all zero. It is shown that there exists a solution satisfying $$0 < \sum_{i=1}^n |\phi_i| x_i^2 \leq 2 |\phi_1 \cdots \phi_n|,$$ and that the constant 2 is best possible. Keywords:small solutions, diagonal quadratic formsCategory:11E25

197. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 369)

Granville, Andrew; Mollin, R. A.; Williams, H. C.
 An Upper Bound on the Least Inert Prime in a Real Quadratic Field It is shown by a combination of analytic and computational techniques that for any positive fundamental discriminant $D > 3705$, there is always at least one prime $p < \sqrt{D}/2$ such that the Kronecker symbol $\left(D/p\right) = -1$. Categories:11R11, 11Y40

198. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 31)

Chan, Heng Huat; Liaw, Wen-Chin
 On Russell-Type Modular Equations In this paper, we revisit Russell-type modular equations, a collection of modular equations first studied systematically by R.~Russell in 1887. We give a proof of Russell's main theorem and indicate the relations between such equations and the constructions of Hilbert class fields of imaginary quadratic fields. Motivated by Russell's theorem, we state and prove its cubic analogue which allows us to construct Russell-type modular equations in the theory of signature~$3$. Categories:33D10, 33C05, 11F11

199. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 47)

Chinburg, T.; Kolster, M.; Snaith, V. P.
 Comparison of $K$-Theory Galois Module Structure Invariants We prove that two, apparently different, class-group valued Galois module structure invariants associated to the algebraic $K$-groups of rings of algebraic integers coincide. This comparison result is particularly important in making explicit calculations. Categories:11S99, 19F15, 19F27

200. CJM 2000 (vol 52 pp. 172)

Mao, Zhengyu; Rallis, Stephen
 Cubic Base Change for $\GL(2)$ We prove a relative trace formula that establishes the cubic base change for $\GL(2)$. One also gets a classification of the image of base change. The case when the field extension is nonnormal gives an example where a trace formula is used to prove lifting which is not endoscopic. Categories:11F70, 11F72
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