We study the cohomology of connected components of Shimura varieties $S_{K^p}$ coming from the group $\GSp_{2g}$, by an approach modeled on the stabilization of the twisted trace formula, due to Kottwitz and Shelstad. More precisely, for each character $\olomega$ on the group of connected components of $S_{K^p}$ we define an operator $L(\omega)$ on the cohomology groups with compact supports $H^i_c (S_{K^p}, \olbbQ_\ell)$, and then we prove that the virtual trace of the composition of $L(\omega)$ with a Hecke operator $f$ away from $p$ and a sufficiently high power of a geometric Frobenius $\Phi^r_p$, can be expressed as a sum of $\omega$-{\em weighted} (twisted) orbital integrals (where $\omega$-{\em weighted} means that the orbital integrals and twisted orbital integrals occuring here each have a weighting factor coming from the character $\olomega$). As the crucial step, we define and study a new invariant $\alpha_1 (\gamma_0; \gamma, \delta)$ which is a refinement of the invariant $\alpha (\gamma_0; \gamma, \delta)$ defined by Kottwitz. This is done by using a theorem of Reimann and Zink.

Soit $G$ un groupe réductif connexe défini sur un corps $p$-adique $F$ et $\ggo$ son algèbre de Lie. Les intégrales orbitales pondérées sur $\ggo(F)$ sont des distributions $J_M(X,f)$---$f$ est une fonction test---indexées par les sous-groupes de Lévi $M$ de $G$ et les éléments semi-simples réguliers $X \in \mgo(F)\cap \ggo_{\reg}$. Leurs analogues sur $G$ sont les principales composantes du côté géométrique des formules des traces locale et globale d'Arthur. Si $M=G$, on retrouve les intégrales orbitales invariantes qui, vues comme fonction de $X$, sont bornées sur $\mgo(F)\cap \ggo_{\reg}$~: c'est un résultat bien connu de Harish-Chandra. Si $M \subsetneq G$, les intégrales orbitales pondérées explosent au voisinage des éléments singuliers. Nous construisons dans cet article de nouvelles intégrales orbitales pondérées $J_M^b(X,f)$, égales à $J_M(X,f)$ à un terme correctif près, qui tout en conservant les principales propriétés des précédentes (comportement par conjugaison, développement en germes, {\it etc.}) restent bornées quand $X$ parcourt $\mgo(F)\cap\ggo_{\reg}$. Nous montrons également que les intégrales orbitales pondérées globales, associées à des éléments semi-simples réguliers, se décomposent en produits de ces nouvelles intégrales locales.

We investigate exceptional sets associated with various additive problems involving sums of cubes. By developing a method wherein an exponential sum over the set of exceptions is employed explicitly within the Hardy-Littlewood method, we are better able to exploit excess variables. By way of illustration, we show that the number of odd integers not divisible by $9$, and not exceeding $X$, that fail to have a representation as the sum of $7$ cubes of prime numbers, is $O(X^{23/36+\eps})$. For sums of eight cubes of prime numbers, the corresponding number of exceptional integers is $O(X^{11/36+\eps})$.

We prepare for a comparison of global trace formulas of general linear groups and their metaplectic coverings. In particular, we generalize the local metaplectic correspondence of Flicker and Kazhdan and describe the terms expected to appear in the invariant trace formulas of the above covering groups. The conjectural trace formulas are then placed into a form suitable for comparison.

Let $b_1,\dots,b_5$ be non-zero integers and $n$ any integer. Suppose that $b_1 + \cdots + b_5 \equiv n \pmod{24}$ and $(b_i,b_j) = 1$ for $1 \leq i < j \leq 5$. In this paper we prove that \begin{enumerate}[(ii)] \item[(i)] if $b_j$ are not all of the same sign, then the above quadratic equation has prime solutions satisfying $p_j \ll \sqrt{|n|} + \max \{|b_j|\}^{20+\ve}$; and \item[(ii)] if all $b_j$ are positive and $n \gg \max \{|b_j|\}^{41+ \ve}$, then the quadratic equation $b_1 p_1^2 + \cdots + b_5 p_5^2 = n$ is soluble in primes $p_j$. \end{enumerate}

We provide the reader with a uniform approach for obtaining various useful explicit upper bounds on residues of Dedekind zeta functions of numbers fields and on absolute values of values at $s=1$ of $L$-series associated with primitive characters on ray class groups of number fields. To make it quite clear to the reader how useful such bounds are when dealing with class number problems for $\CM$-fields, we deduce an upper bound for the root discriminants of the normal $\CM$-fields with (relative) class number one.

In this paper, we establish a number of theorems on the classic Diophantine equation of S.~S.~Pillai, $a^x-b^y=c$, where $a$, $b$ and $c$ are given nonzero integers with $a,b \geq 2$. In particular, we obtain the sharp result that there are at most two solutions in positive integers $x$ and $y$ and deduce a variety of explicit conditions under which there exists at most a single such solution. These improve or generalize prior work of Le, Leveque, Pillai, Scott and Terai. The main tools used include lower bounds for linear forms in the logarithms of (two) algebraic numbers and various elementary arguments.

Let $p_w(n)$ be the weighted partition function defined by the generating function $\sum^\infty_{n=0}p_w(n)x^n=\prod^\infty_{m=1} (1-x^m)^{-w(m)}$, where $w(m)$ is a non-negative arithmetic function. Let $P_w(u)=\sum_{n\le u}p_w(n)$ and $N_w(u)=\sum_{n\le u}w(n)$ be the summatory functions for $p_w(n)$ and $w(n)$, respectively. Generalizing results of G.~A.~Freiman and E.~E.~Kohlbecker, we show that, for a large class of functions $\Phi(u)$ and $\lambda(u)$, an estimate for $P_w(u)$ of the form $\log P_w(u)=\Phi(u)\bigl\{1+O(1/\lambda(u)\bigr)\bigr\}$ $(u\to\infty)$ implies an estimate for $N_w(u)$ of the form $N_w(u)=\Phi^\ast(u)\bigl\{1+O\bigl(1/\log\lambda(u)\bigr)\bigr\}$ $(u\to\infty)$ with a suitable function $\Phi^\ast(u)$ defined in terms of $\Phi(u)$. We apply this result and related results to obtain characterizations of the Riemann Hypothesis and the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis in terms of the asymptotic behavior of certain weighted partition functions.

In this paper, we study the Mordell-Weil group of an elliptic curve as a Galois module. We consider an elliptic curve $E$ defined over a number field $K$ whose Mordell-Weil rank over a Galois extension $F$ is $1$, $2$ or $3$. We show that $E$ acquires a point (points) of infinite order over a field whose Galois group is one of $C_n \times C_m$ ($n= 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, m= 1, 2$), $D_n \times C_m$ ($n= 2, 3, 4, 6, m= 1, 2$), $A_4 \times C_m$ ($m=1,2$), $S_4 \times C_m$ ($m=1,2$). Next, we consider the case where $E$ has complex multiplication by the ring of integers $\o$ of an imaginary quadratic field $\k$ contained in $K$. Suppose that the $\o$-rank over a Galois extension $F$ is $1$ or $2$. If $\k\neq\Q(\sqrt{-1})$ and $\Q(\sqrt{-3})$ and $h_{\k}$ (class number of $\k$) is odd, we show that $E$ acquires positive $\o$-rank over a cyclic extension of $K$ or over a field whose Galois group is one of $\SL_2(\Z/3\Z)$, an extension of $\SL_2(\Z/3\Z)$ by $\Z/2\Z$, or a central extension by the dihedral group. Finally, we discuss the relation of the above results to the vanishing of $L$-functions.

Habib Muzaffar of Carleton University has pointed out to the authors that in their paper [A] only the result \[ \pi_{K,d}(x)+\pi_{K^{-1},d}(x)=\frac{1}{h(d)}\frac{x}{\log x}+O_{K,d}\Bigl(\frac {x}{\log^2x}\Bigr) \] follows from the prime ideal theorem with remainder for ideal classes, and not the stronger result \[ \pi_{K,d}(x)=\frac{1}{2h(d)}\frac{x}{\log x}+O_{K,d}\Bigl(\frac {x}{\log^2x}\Bigr) \] stated in Lemma~5.2. This necessitates changes in Sections~5 and 6 of [A]. The main results of the paper are not affected by these changes. It should also be noted that, starting on page 177 of [A], each and every occurrence of $o(s-1)$ should be replaced by $o(1)$. Sections~5 and 6 of [A] have been rewritten to incorporate the above mentioned correction and are given below. They should replace the original Sections~5 and 6 of [A].

We have seen, in the previous works [5], [6], that the argument of a certain product is closely connected to that of the cubic Gauss sum. Here the absolute value of the product will be investigated.

We determine the poles of the standard intertwining operators for a maximal parabolic subgroup of the quasi-split unitary group defined by a quadratic extension $E/F$ of $p$-adic fields of characteristic zero. We study the case where the Levi component $M \simeq \GL_n (E) \times U_m (F)$, with $n \equiv m$ $(\mod 2)$. This, along with earlier work, determines the poles of the local Rankin-Selberg product $L$-function $L(s, \tau' \times \tau)$, with $\tau'$ an irreducible unitary supercuspidal representation of $\GL_n (E)$ and $\tau$ a generic irreducible unitary supercuspidal representation of $U_m (F)$. The results are interpreted using the theory of twisted endoscopy.

For $c>1$ we denote by $\pi_c(x)$ the number of integers $n \leq x$ such that $\floor{n^c}$ is prime. In 1953, Piatetski-Shapiro has proved that $\pi_c(x) \sim \frac{x}{c\log x}$, $x \rightarrow +\infty$ holds for $c<12/11$. Many authors have extended this range, which measures our progress in exponential sums techniques. In this article we obtain $c < 1.16117\dots\;$.

In a 1987 paper, Gross introduced certain curves associated to a definite quaternion algebra $B$ over $\Q$; he then proved an analog of his result with Zagier for these curves. In Gross' paper, the curves were defined in a somewhat {\it ad hoc\/} manner. In this article, we present an interpretation of these curves as projective varieties arising from graded rings of automorphic forms on $B^\times$, analogously to the construction in the Satake compactification. To define such graded rings, one needs to introduce a ``multiplication'' of automorphic forms that arises from the representation ring of $B^\times$. The resulting curves are unions of projective lines equipped with a collection of Hecke correspondences. They parametrize two-dimensional complex tori with quaternionic multiplication. In general, these complex tori are not abelian varieties; they are algebraic precisely when they correspond to $\CM$ points on these curves, and are thus isogenous to a product $E \times E$, where $E$ is an elliptic curve with complex multiplication. For these $\CM$ points one can make a relation between the action of the $p$-th Hecke operator and Frobenius at $p$, similar to the well-known congruence relation of Eichler and Shimura.

Let $G$ be a reductive algebraic group defined over $\bQ$, with anisotropic centre. Given a rational action of $G$ on a finite-dimensional vector space $V$, we analyze the truncated integral of the theta series corresponding to a Schwartz-Bruhat function on $V(\bA)$. The Poisson summation formula then yields an identity of distributions on $V(\bA)$. The truncation used is due to Arthur.

We give explicit formulas for the $L_4$ norm (or equivalently for the merit factors) of various sequences of polynomials related to the polynomials $$ f(z) := \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \leg{n}{N} z^n. $$ and $$ f_t(z) = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \leg{n+t}{N} z^n. $$ where $(\frac{\cdot}{N})$ is the Jacobi symbol. Two cases of particular interest are when $N = pq$ is a product of two primes and $p = q+2$ or $p = q+4$. This extends work of H{\o}holdt, Jensen and Jensen and of the authors. This study arises from a number of conjectures of Erd\H{o}s, Littlewood and others that concern the norms of polynomials with $-1,1$ coefficients on the disc. The current best examples are of the above form when $N$ is prime and it is natural to see what happens for composite~$N$.

We will construct a finite union of finite quotients of the affine building of the group $\GL_3$ over the field of $p$-adic numbers $\mathbb{Q}_p$. We will view this object as a hypergraph and estimate the spectrum of its underlying graph.

We study extensions $L/K$ of complete discrete valuation fields $K$ with residue field $\oK$ of characteristic $p > 0$, which we do not assume to be perfect. Our work concerns ramification theory for such extensions, in particular we show that all classical properties which are true under the hypothesis {\it ``the residue field extension $\oL/\oK$ is separable''} are still valid under the more general hypothesis that the valuation ring extension is monogenic. We also show that conversely, if classical ramification properties hold true for an extension $L/K$, then the extension of valuation rings is monogenic. These are the ``{\it well ramified}'' extensions. We show that there are only three possible types of well ramified extensions and we give examples. In the last part of the paper we consider, for the three types, Kato's generalization of the conductor, which we show how to bound in certain cases.

We construct an automorphic realization of the global minimal representation of quaternionic exceptional groups, using the theory of Eisenstein series, and use this for the study of theta correspondences.

To each field $F$ of characteristic not $2$, one can associate a certain Galois group $\G_F$, the so-called W-group of $F$, which carries essentially the same information as the Witt ring $W(F)$ of $F$. In this paper we investigate the connection between $\wg$ and $\G_{F(\sqrt{a})}$, where $F(\sqrt{a})$ is a proper quadratic extension of $F$. We obtain a precise description in the case when $F$ is a pythagorean formally real field and $a = -1$, and show that the W-group of a proper field extension $K/F$ is a subgroup of the W-group of $F$ if and only if $F$ is a formally real pythagorean field and $K = F(\sqrt{-1})$. This theorem can be viewed as an analogue of the classical Artin-Schreier's theorem describing fields fixed by finite subgroups of absolute Galois groups. We also obtain precise results in the case when $a$ is a double-rigid element in $F$. Some of these results carry over to the general setting.

J.~Arthur put the trace formula in invariant form for all connected reductive groups and certain disconnected ones. However his work was written so as to apply to the general disconnected case, modulo two missing ingredients. This paper supplies one of those missing ingredients, namely an argument in Galois cohomology of a kind first used by D.~Kazhdan in the connected case.

Let $\calS$ denote the set of integers representable as a sum of two squares. Since $\calS$ can be described as the unsifted elements of a sieving process of positive dimension, it is to be expected that $\calS$ has many properties in common with the set of prime numbers. In this paper we exhibit ``unexpected irregularities'' in the distribution of sums of two squares in short intervals, a phenomenon analogous to that discovered by Maier, over a decade ago, in the distribution of prime numbers. To be precise, we show that there are infinitely many short intervals containing considerably more elements of $\calS$ than expected, and infinitely many intervals containing considerably fewer than expected.

Let $\phi_1,\dots,\phi_n$ $(n\geq 2)$ be nonzero integers such that the equation $$ \sum_{i=1}^n \phi_i x_i^2 = 0 $$ is solvable in integers $x_1,\dots,x_n$ not all zero. It is shown that there exists a solution satisfying $$ 0 < \sum_{i=1}^n |\phi_i| x_i^2 \leq 2 |\phi_1 \cdots \phi_n|, $$ and that the constant 2 is best possible.

It is shown by a combination of analytic and computational techniques that for any positive fundamental discriminant $D > 3705$, there is always at least one prime $p < \sqrt{D}/2$ such that the Kronecker symbol $\left(D/p\right) = -1$.

We prove a relative trace formula that establishes the cubic base change for $\GL(2)$. One also gets a classification of the image of base change. The case when the field extension is nonnormal gives an example where a trace formula is used to prove lifting which is not endoscopic.