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151. CJM 2004 (vol 56 pp. 356)

Murty, M. Ram; Saidak, Filip
 Non-Abelian Generalizations of the Erd\H os-Kac Theorem Let $a$ be a natural number greater than $1$. Let $f_a(n)$ be the order of $a$ mod $n$. Denote by $\omega(n)$ the number of distinct prime factors of $n$. Assuming a weak form of the generalised Riemann hypothesis, we prove the following conjecture of Erd\"os and Pomerance: The number of $n\leq x$ coprime to $a$ satisfying $$\alpha \leq \frac{\omega(f_a(n)) - (\log \log n)^2/2 }{ (\log \log n)^{3/2}/\sqrt{3}} \leq \beta$$ is asymptotic to $$\left(\frac{ 1 }{ \sqrt{2\pi}} \int_{\alpha}^{\beta} e^{-t^2/2}dt\right) \frac{x\phi(a) }{ a},$$ as $x$ tends to infinity. Keywords:Tur{\' a}n's theorem, Erd{\H o}s-Kac theorem, Chebotarev density theorem,, Erd{\H o}s-Pomerance conjectureCategories:11K36, 11K99

152. CJM 2004 (vol 56 pp. 406)

Pál, Ambrus
 Theta Series, Eisenstein Series and PoincarÃ© Series over Function Fields We construct analogues of theta series, Eisenstein series and Poincar\'e series for function fields of one variable over finite fields, and prove their basic properties. Category:11F12

153. CJM 2004 (vol 56 pp. 373)

Orton, Louisa
 An Elementary Proof of a Weak Exceptional Zero Conjecture In this paper we extend Darmon's theory of integration on $\uh_p\times \uh$'' to cusp forms $f$ of higher even weight. This enables us to prove a weak exceptional zero conjecture'': that when the $p$-adic $L$-function of $f$ has an exceptional zero at the central point, the $\mathcal{L}$-invariant arising is independent of a twist by certain Dirichlet characters. Categories:11F11, 11F67

154. CJM 2004 (vol 56 pp. 168)

Pogge, James Todd
 On a Certain Residual Spectrum of $\Sp_8$ Let $G=\Sp_{2n}$ be the symplectic group defined over a number field $F$. Let $\mathbb{A}$ be the ring of adeles. A fundamental problem in the theory of automorphic forms is to decompose the right regular representation of $G(\mathbb{A})$ acting on the Hilbert space $L^2\bigl(G(F)\setminus G(\mathbb{A})\bigr)$. Main contributions have been made by Langlands. He described, using his theory of Eisenstein series, an orthogonal decomposition of this space of the form: $L_{\dis}^2 \bigl( G(F)\setminus G(\mathbb{A}) \bigr)=\bigoplus_{(M,\pi)} L_{\dis}^2(G(F) \setminus G(\mathbb{A}) \bigr)_{(M,\pi)}$, where $(M,\pi)$ is a Levi subgroup with a cuspidal automorphic representation $\pi$ taken modulo conjugacy (Here we normalize $\pi$ so that the action of the maximal split torus in the center of $G$ at the archimedean places is trivial.) and $L_{\dis}^2\bigl(G(F)\setminus G(\mathbb{A})\bigr)_{(M,\pi)}$ is a space of residues of Eisenstein series associated to $(M,\pi)$. In this paper, we will completely determine the space $L_{\dis}^2\bigl(G(F)\setminus G(\mathbb{A})\bigr)_{(M,\pi)}$, when $M\simeq\GL_2\times\GL_2$. This is the first result on the residual spectrum for non-maximal, non-Borel parabolic subgroups, other than $\GL_n$. Categories:11F70, 22E55

155. CJM 2004 (vol 56 pp. 194)

Saikia, A.
 Selmer Groups of Elliptic Curves with Complex Multiplication Suppose $K$ is an imaginary quadratic field and $E$ is an elliptic curve over a number field $F$ with complex multiplication by the ring of integers in $K$. Let $p$ be a rational prime that splits as $\mathfrak{p}_{1}\mathfrak{p}_{2}$ in $K$. Let $E_{p^{n}}$ denote the $p^{n}$-division points on $E$. Assume that $F(E_{p^{n}})$ is abelian over $K$ for all $n\geq 0$. This paper proves that the Pontrjagin dual of the $\mathfrak{p}_{1}^{\infty}$-Selmer group of $E$ over $F(E_{p^{\infty}})$ is a finitely generated free $\Lambda$-module, where $\Lambda$ is the Iwasawa algebra of $\Gal\bigl(F(E_{p^{\infty}})/ F(E_{\mathfrak{p}_{1}^{\infty}\mathfrak{p}_{2}})\bigr)$. It also gives a simple formula for the rank of the Pontrjagin dual as a $\Lambda$-module. Categories:11R23, 11G05

156. CJM 2004 (vol 56 pp. 23)

Bennett, Michael A.; Skinner, Chris M.
 Ternary Diophantine Equations via Galois Representations and Modular Forms In this paper, we develop techniques for solving ternary Diophantine equations of the shape $Ax^n + By^n = Cz^2$, based upon the theory of Galois representations and modular forms. We subsequently utilize these methods to completely solve such equations for various choices of the parameters $A$, $B$ and $C$. We conclude with an application of our results to certain classical polynomial-exponential equations, such as those of Ramanujan--Nagell type. Categories:11D41, 11F11, 11G05

157. CJM 2004 (vol 56 pp. 71)

Harper, Malcolm; Murty, M. Ram
 Euclidean Rings of Algebraic Integers Let $K$ be a finite Galois extension of the field of rational numbers with unit rank greater than~3. We prove that the ring of integers of $K$ is a Euclidean domain if and only if it is a principal ideal domain. This was previously known under the assumption of the generalized Riemann hypothesis for Dedekind zeta functions. We now prove this unconditionally. Categories:11R04, 11R27, 11R32, 11R42, 11N36

158. CJM 2004 (vol 56 pp. 55)

Harper, Malcolm
 $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{14}]$ is Euclidean We provide the first unconditional proof that the ring $\mathbb{Z} [\sqrt{14}]$ is a Euclidean domain. The proof is generalized to other real quadratic fields and to cyclotomic extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$. It is proved that if $K$ is a real quadratic field (modulo the existence of two special primes of $K$) or if $K$ is a cyclotomic extension of $\mathbb{Q}$ then: $$the~ring~of~integers~of~K~is~a~Euclidean~domain~if~and~only~if~it~is~a~principal~ideal~domain.$$ The proof is a modification of the proof of a theorem of Clark and Murty giving a similar result when $K$ is a totally real extension of degree at least three. The main changes are a new Motzkin-type lemma and the addition of the large sieve to the argument. These changes allow application of a powerful theorem due to Bombieri, Friedlander and Iwaniec in order to obtain the result in the real quadratic case. The modification also allows the completion of the classification of cyclotomic extensions in terms of the Euclidean property. Categories:11R04, 11R11

159. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 1191)

Granville, Andrew; Soundararajan, K.
 Decay of Mean Values of Multiplicative Functions For given multiplicative function $f$, with $|f(n)| \leq 1$ for all $n$, we are interested in how fast its mean value $(1/x) \sum_{n\leq x} f(n)$ converges. Hal\'asz showed that this depends on the minimum $M$ (over $y\in \mathbb{R}$) of $\sum_{p\leq x} \bigl( 1 - \Re (f(p) p^{-iy}) \bigr) / p$, and subsequent authors gave the upper bound $\ll (1+M) e^{-M}$. For many applications it is necessary to have explicit constants in this and various related bounds, and we provide these via our own variant of the Hal\'asz-Montgomery lemma (in fact the constant we give is best possible up to a factor of 10). We also develop a new type of hybrid bound in terms of the location of the absolute value of $y$ that minimizes the sum above. As one application we give bounds for the least representatives of the cosets of the $k$-th powers mod~$p$. Categories:11N60, 11N56, 10K20, 11N37

160. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 933)

Beineke, Jennifer; Bump, Daniel
 Renormalized Periods on $\GL(3)$ A theory of renormalization of divergent integrals over torus periods on $\GL(3)$ is given, based on a relative truncation. It is shown that the renormalized periods of Eisenstein series have unexpected functional equations. Categories:11F12, 11F55

161. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 897)

Archinard, Natália
 Hypergeometric Abelian Varieties In this paper, we construct abelian varieties associated to Gauss' and Appell--Lauricella hypergeometric series. Abelian varieties of this kind and the algebraic curves we define to construct them were considered by several authors in settings ranging from monodromy groups (Deligne, Mostow), exceptional sets (Cohen, Wolfart, W\"ustholz), modular embeddings (Cohen, Wolfart) to CM-type (Cohen, Shiga, Wolfart) and modularity (Darmon). Our contribution is to provide a complete, explicit and self-contained geometric construction. Categories:11, 14

162. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 673)

Anderson, Greg W.; Ouyang, Yi
 A Note on Cyclotomic Euler Systems and the Double Complex Method Let $\FF$ be a finite real abelian extension of $\QQ$. Let $M$ be an odd positive integer. For every squarefree positive integer $r$ the prime factors of which are congruent to $1$ modulo $M$ and split completely in $\FF$, the corresponding Kolyvagin class $\kappa_r\in\FF^{\times}/ \FF^{\times M}$ satisfies a remarkable and crucial recursion which for each prime number $\ell$ dividing $r$ determines the order of vanishing of $\kappa_r$ at each place of $\FF$ above $\ell$ in terms of $\kappa_{r/\ell}$. In this note we give the recursion a new and universal interpretation with the help of the double complex method introduced by Anderson and further developed by Das and Ouyang. Namely, we show that the recursion satisfied by Kolyvagin classes is the specialization of a universal recursion independent of $\FF$ satisfied by universal Kolyvagin classes in the group cohomology of the universal ordinary distribution {\it \a la\/} Kubert tensored with $\ZZ/M\ZZ$. Further, we show by a method involving a variant of the diagonal shift operation introduced by Das that certain group cohomology classes belonging (up to sign) to a basis previously constructed by Ouyang also satisfy the universal recursion. Categories:11R18, 11R23, 11R34

163. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 711)

Broughan, Kevin A.
 Adic Topologies for the Rational Integers A topology on $\mathbb{Z}$, which gives a nice proof that the set of prime integers is infinite, is characterised and examined. It is found to be homeomorphic to $\mathbb{Q}$, with a compact completion homeomorphic to the Cantor set. It has a natural place in a family of topologies on $\mathbb{Z}$, which includes the $p$-adics, and one in which the set of rational primes $\mathbb{P}$ is dense. Examples from number theory are given, including the primes and squares, Fermat numbers, Fibonacci numbers and $k$-free numbers. Keywords:$p$-adic, metrizable, quasi-valuation, topological ring,, completion, inverse limit, diophantine equation, prime integers,, Fermat numbers, Fibonacci numbersCategories:11B05, 11B25, 11B50, 13J10, 13B35

164. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 292)

Pitman, Jim; Yor, Marc
 Infinitely Divisible Laws Associated with Hyperbolic Functions The infinitely divisible distributions on $\mathbb{R}^+$ of random variables $C_t$, $S_t$ and $T_t$ with Laplace transforms $$\left( \frac{1}{\cosh \sqrt{2\lambda}} \right)^t, \quad \left( \frac{\sqrt{2\lambda}}{\sinh \sqrt{2\lambda}} \right)^t, \quad \text{and} \quad \left( \frac{\tanh \sqrt{2\lambda}}{\sqrt{2\lambda}} \right)^t$$ respectively are characterized for various $t>0$ in a number of different ways: by simple relations between their moments and cumulants, by corresponding relations between the distributions and their L\'evy measures, by recursions for their Mellin transforms, and by differential equations satisfied by their Laplace transforms. Some of these results are interpreted probabilistically via known appearances of these distributions for $t=1$ or $2$ in the description of the laws of various functionals of Brownian motion and Bessel processes, such as the heights and lengths of excursions of a one-dimensional Brownian motion. The distributions of $C_1$ and $S_2$ are also known to appear in the Mellin representations of two important functions in analytic number theory, the Riemann zeta function and the Dirichlet $L$-function associated with the quadratic character modulo~4. Related families of infinitely divisible laws, including the gamma, logistic and generalized hyperbolic secant distributions, are derived from $S_t$ and $C_t$ by operations such as Brownian subordination, exponential tilting, and weak limits, and characterized in various ways. Keywords:Riemann zeta function, Mellin transform, characterization of distributions, Brownian motion, Bessel process, LÃ©vy process, gamma process, Meixner processCategories:11M06, 60J65, 60E07

165. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 353)

Silberger, Allan J.; Zink, Ernst-Wilhelm
 Weak Explicit Matching for Level Zero Discrete Series of Unit Groups of $\mathfrak{p}$-Adic Simple Algebras Let $F$ be a $p$-adic local field and let $A_i^\times$ be the unit group of a central simple $F$-algebra $A_i$ of reduced degree $n>1$ ($i=1,2$). Let $\mathcal{R}^2 (A_i^\times)$ denote the set of irreducible discrete series representations of $A_i^\times$. The Abstract Matching Theorem'' asserts the existence of a bijection, the Jacquet-Langlands'' map, $\mathcal{J} \mathcal{L}_{A_2,A_1} \colon \mathcal{R}^2 (A_1^\times) \to \mathcal{R}^2 (A_2^\times)$ which, up to known sign, preserves character values for regular elliptic elements. This paper addresses the question of explicitly describing the map $\mathcal{J} \mathcal{L}$, but only for level zero'' representations. We prove that the restriction $\mathcal{J} \mathcal{L}_{A_2,A_1} \colon \mathcal{R}_0^2 (A_1^\times) \to \mathcal{R}_0^2 (A_2^\times)$ is a bijection of level zero discrete series (Proposition~3.2) and we give a parameterization of the set of unramified twist classes of level zero discrete series which does not depend upon the algebra $A_i$ and is invariant under $\mathcal{J} \mathcal{L}_{A_2,A_1}$ (Theorem~4.1). Categories:22E50, 11R39

166. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 225)

Banks, William D.; Harcharras, Asma; Shparlinski, Igor E.
 Short Kloosterman Sums for Polynomials over Finite Fields We extend to the setting of polynomials over a finite field certain estimates for short Kloosterman sums originally due to Karatsuba. Our estimates are then used to establish some uniformity of distribution results in the ring $\mathbb{F}_q[x]/M(x)$ for collections of polynomials either of the form $f^{-1}g^{-1}$ or of the form $f^{-1}g^{-1}+afg$, where $f$ and $g$ are polynomials coprime to $M$ and of very small degree relative to $M$, and $a$ is an arbitrary polynomial. We also give estimates for short Kloosterman sums where the summation runs over products of two irreducible polynomials of small degree. It is likely that this result can be used to give an improvement of the Brun-Titchmarsh theorem for polynomials over finite fields. Categories:11T23, 11T06

167. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 331)

Savitt, David
 The Maximum Number of Points on a Curve of Genus $4$ over $\mathbb{F}_8$ is $25$ We prove that the maximum number of rational points on a smooth, geometrically irreducible genus 4 curve over the field of 8 elements is 25. The body of the paper shows that 27 points is not possible by combining techniques from algebraic geometry with a computer verification. The appendix shows that 26 points is not possible by examining the zeta functions. Categories:11G20, 14H25

168. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 432)

Zaharescu, Alexandru
 Pair Correlation of Squares in $p$-Adic Fields Let $p$ be an odd prime number, $K$ a $p$-adic field of degree $r$ over $\mathbf{Q}_p$, $O$ the ring of integers in $K$, $B = \{\beta_1,\dots, \beta_r\}$ an integral basis of $K$ over $\mathbf{Q}_p$, $u$ a unit in $O$ and consider sets of the form $\mathcal{N}=\{n_1\beta_1+\cdots+n_r\beta_r: 1\leq n_j\leq N_j, 1\leq j\leq r\}$. We show under certain growth conditions that the pair correlation of $\{uz^2:z\in\mathcal{N}\}$ becomes Poissonian. Categories:11S99, 11K06, 1134

169. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 1202)

Fernández, J.; Lario, J-C.; Rio, A.
 Octahedral Galois Representations Arising From $\mathbf{Q}$-Curves of Degree $2$ Generically, one can attach to a $\mathbf{Q}$-curve $C$ octahedral representations $\rho\colon\Gal(\bar{\mathbf{Q}}/\mathbf{Q})\rightarrow\GL_2(\bar\mathbf{F}_3)$ coming from the Galois action on the $3$-torsion of those abelian varieties of $\GL_2$-type whose building block is $C$. When $C$ is defined over a quadratic field and has an isogeny of degree $2$ to its Galois conjugate, there exist such representations $\rho$ having image into $\GL_2(\mathbf{F}_9)$. Going the other way, we can ask which $\mod 3$ octahedral representations $\rho$ of $\Gal(\bar\mathbf{Q}/\mathbf{Q})$ arise from $\mathbf{Q}$-curves in the above sense. We characterize those arising from quadratic $\mathbf{Q}$-curves of degree $2$. The approach makes use of Galois embedding techniques in $\GL_2(\mathbf{F}_9)$, and the characterization can be given in terms of a quartic polynomial defining the $\mathcal{S}_4$-extension of $\mathbf{Q}$ corresponding to the projective representation $\bar{\rho}$. Categories:11G05, 11G10, 11R32

170. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 1305)

Vulakh, L. Ya.
 Continued Fractions Associated with $\SL_3 (\mathbf{Z})$ and Units in Complex Cubic Fields Continued fractions associated with $\GL_3 (\mathbf{Z})$ are introduced and applied to find fundamental units in a two-parameter family of complex cubic fields. Keywords:fundamental units, continued fractions, diophantine approximation, symmetric spaceCategories:11R27, 11J70, 11J13

171. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 673)

Asgari, Mahdi
 Local $L$-Functions for Split Spinor Groups We study the local $L$-functions for Levi subgroups in split spinor groups defined via the Langlands-Shahidi method and prove a conjecture on their holomorphy in a half plane. These results have been used in the work of Kim and Shahidi on the functorial product for $\GL_2 \times \GL_3$. Category:11F70

172. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 828)

Moriyama, Tomonori
 Spherical Functions for the Semisimple Symmetric Pair $\bigl( \Sp(2,\mathbb{R}), \SL(2,\mathbb{C}) \bigr)$ Let $\pi$ be an irreducible generalized principal series representation of $G = \Sp(2,\mathbb{R})$ induced from its Jacobi parabolic subgroup. We show that the space of algebraic intertwining operators from $\pi$ to the representation induced from an irreducible admissible representation of $\SL(2,\mathbb{C})$ in $G$ is at most one dimensional. Spherical functions in the title are the images of $K$-finite vectors by this intertwining operator. We obtain an integral expression of Mellin-Barnes type for the radial part of our spherical function. Categories:22E45, 11F70

173. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 468)

Boyd, David W.; Rodriguez-Villegas, Fernando
 Mahler's Measure and the Dilogarithm (I) An explicit formula is derived for the logarithmic Mahler measure $m(P)$ of $P(x,y) = p(x)y - q(x)$, where $p(x)$ and $q(x)$ are cyclotomic. This is used to find many examples of such polynomials for which $m(P)$ is rationally related to the Dedekind zeta value $\zeta_F (2)$ for certain quadratic and quartic fields. Categories:11G40, 11R06, 11Y35

174. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 449)

Akrout, H.
 ThÃ©orÃ¨me de Vorono\"\i\ dans les espaces symÃ©triques On d\'emontre un th\'eor\eme de Vorono\"\i\ (caract\'erisation des maxima locaux de l'invariant d'Hermite) pour les familles de r\'eseaux param\'etr\'ees par les espaces sym\'etriques irr\'e\-ductibles non exceptionnels de type non compact. We prove a theorem of Vorono\"\i\ type (characterisation of local maxima of the Hermite invariant) for the lattices parametrized by irreducible nonexceptional symmetric spaces of noncompact type. Keywords:rÃ©seaux, thÃ©orÃ¨me de Vorono\"\i, espaces symÃ©triquesCategories:11H06, 53C35

175. CJM 2002 (vol 54 pp. 263)

Chaudouard, Pierre-Henri
 IntÃ©grales orbitales pondÃ©rÃ©es sur les algÃ¨bres de Lie : le cas $p$-adique Soit $G$ un groupe rÃ©ductif connexe dÃ©fini sur un corps $p$-adique $F$ et $\ggo$ son algÃ¨bre de Lie. Les intÃ©grales orbitales pondÃ©rÃ©es sur $\ggo(F)$ sont des distributions $J_M(X,f)$---$f$ est une fonction test---indexÃ©es par les sous-groupes de LÃ©vi $M$ de $G$ et les Ã©lÃ©ments semi-simples rÃ©guliers $X \in \mgo(F)\cap \ggo_{\reg}$. Leurs analogues sur $G$ sont les principales composantes du cÃ´tÃ© gÃ©omÃ©trique des formules des traces locale et globale d'Arthur. Si $M=G$, on retrouve les intÃ©grales orbitales invariantes qui, vues comme fonction de $X$, sont bornÃ©es sur $\mgo(F)\cap \ggo_{\reg}$~: c'est un rÃ©sultat bien connu de Harish-Chandra. Si $M \subsetneq G$, les intÃ©grales orbitales pondÃ©rÃ©es explosent au voisinage des Ã©lÃ©ments singuliers. Nous construisons dans cet article de nouvelles intÃ©grales orbitales pondÃ©rÃ©es $J_M^b(X,f)$, Ã©gales Ã  $J_M(X,f)$ Ã  un terme correctif prÃ¨s, qui tout en conservant les principales propriÃ©tÃ©s des prÃ©cÃ©dentes (comportement par conjugaison, dÃ©veloppement en germes, {\it etc.}) restent bornÃ©es quand $X$ parcourt $\mgo(F)\cap\ggo_{\reg}$. Nous montrons Ã©galement que les intÃ©grales orbitales pondÃ©rÃ©es globales, associÃ©es Ã  des Ã©lÃ©ments semi-simples rÃ©guliers, se dÃ©composent en produits de ces nouvelles intÃ©grales locales. Categories:22E35, 11F70
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