In his seminal papers, Koblitz proposed curves for cryptographic use. For fast operations on these curves, these papers also initiated a study of the radix-$\tau$ expansion of integers in the number fields $\Q(\sqrt{-3})$ and $\Q(\sqrt{-7})$. The (window) nonadjacent form of $\tau$-expansion of integers in $\Q(\sqrt{-7})$ was first investigated by Solinas. For integers in $\Q(\sqrt{-3})$, the nonadjacent form and the window nonadjacent form of the $\tau$-expansion were studied. These are used for efficient point multiplications on Koblitz curves. In this paper, we complete the picture by producing the (window) nonadjacent radix-$\tau$ expansions for integers in all Euclidean imaginary quadratic number fields.

This paper is the continuation of our previous work on the explicit determination of the structure of theta lifts for dual pairs $(\Sp_{2n}, O(V))$ over a non-archimedean field $F$ of characteristic different than $2$, where $n$ is the split rank of $\Sp_{2n}$ and the dimension of the space $V$ (over $F$) is even. We determine the structure of theta lifts of tempered representations in terms of theta lifts of representations in discrete series.

We associate with the Farey tessellation of the upper half-plane an AF algebra $\AA$ encoding the ``cutting sequences'' that define vertical geodesics. The Effros--Shen AF algebras arise as quotients of $\AA$. Using the path algebra model for AF algebras we construct, for each $\tau \in \big(0,\frac{1}{4}\big]$, projections $(E_n)$ in $\AA$ such that $E_n E_{n\pm 1}E_n \leq \tau E_n$.

We investigate the problem of deforming $n$-dimensional mod $p$ Galois representations to characteristic zero. The existence of 2-dimensional deformations has been proven under certain conditions by allowing ramification at additional primes in order to annihilate a dual Selmer group. We use the same general methods to prove the existence of $n$-dimensional deformations. We then examine under which conditions we may place restrictions on the shape of our deformations at $p$, with the goal of showing that under the correct conditions, the deformations may have locally geometric shape. We also use the existence of these deformations to prove the existence as Galois groups over $\Q$ of certain infinite subgroups of $p$-adic general linear groups.

We study the geometry, topology and Lebesgue measure of the set of monic conjugate reciprocal polynomials of fixed degree with all roots on the unit circle. The set of such polynomials of degree $N$ is naturally associated to a subset of $\R^{N-1}$. We calculate the volume of this set, prove the set is homeomorphic to the $N-1$ ball and that its isometry group is isomorphic to the dihedral group of order $2N$.

We explicitly construct the canonical rational models of Shimura curves, both analytically in terms of modular forms and algebraically in terms of coefficients of genus 2 curves, in the cases of quaternion algebras of discriminant 6 and 10. This emulates the classical construction in the elliptic curve case. We also give families of genus 2 QM curves, whose Jacobians are the corresponding abelian surfaces on the Shimura curve, and with coefficients that are modular forms of weight 12. We apply these results to show that our $j$-functions are supported exactly at those primes where the genus 2 curve does not admit potentially good reduction, and construct fields where this potentially good reduction is attained. Finally, using $j$, we construct the fields of moduli and definition for some moduli problems associated to the Atkin--Lehner group actions.

Soit $F_0$ un corps local non archim\'edien de caract\'eristique nulle et de ca\-rac\-t\'eristique r\'esiduelle impaire. J. Rogawski a montr\'e l'existence du changement de base entre le groupe unitaire en trois variables $U(2,1)(F_{0})$, d\'efini relativement \`a une extension quadratique $F$ de $F_{0}$, et le groupe lin\'eaire $GL(3,F)$. Par ailleurs, nous avons d\'ecrit les repr\'esentations supercuspidales irr\'eductibles de $U(2,1)(F_{0})$ comme induites \`a partir d'un sous-groupe compact ouvert de $U(2,1)(F_{0})$, description analogue \`a celle des repr\'esentations admissibles irr\'eductibles de $GL(3,F)$ obtenue par C. Bushnell et P. Kutzko. A partir de ces descriptions, nous construisons explicitement le changement de base des repr\'esentations tr\`es cuspidales de $U(2,1)(F_{0})$.

We say that an abelian variety over a $p$-adic field $K$ has anisotropic reduction (AR) if the special fiber of its N\'eron minimal model does not contain a nontrivial split torus. This includes all abelian varieties with potentially good reduction and, in particular, those with complex or quaternionic multiplication. We give a bound for the size of the $K$-rational torsion subgroup of a $g$-dimensional AR variety depending only on $g$ and the numerical invariants of $K$ (the absolute ramification index and the cardinality of the residue field). Applying these bounds to abelian varieties over a number field with everywhere locally anisotropic reduction, we get bounds which, as a function of $g$, are close to optimal. In particular, we determine the possible cardinalities of the torsion subgroup of an AR abelian surface over the rational numbers, up to a set of 11 values which are not known to occur. The largest such value is 72.

We solve several multi-parameter families of binomial Thue equations of arbitrary degree; for example, we solve the equation \[ 5^u x^n-2^r 3^s y^n= \pm 1, \] in non-zero integers $x$, $y$ and positive integers $u$, $r$, $s$ and $n \geq 3$. Our approach uses several Frey curves simultaneously, Galois representations and level-lowering, new lower bounds for linear forms in $3$ logarithms due to Mignotte and a famous theorem of Bennett on binomial Thue equations.

Let $k$ be a global field, $\overline{k}$ a separable closure of $k$, and $G_k$ the absolute Galois group $\Gal(\overline{k}/k)$ of $\overline{k}$ over $k$. For every $\sigma\in G_k$, let $\ks$ be the fixed subfield of $\overline{k}$ under $\sigma$. Let $E/k$ be an elliptic curve over $k$. It is known that the Mordell--Weil group $E(\ks)$ has infinite rank. We present a new proof of this fact in the following two cases. First, when $k$ is a global function field of odd characteristic and $E$ is parametrized by a Drinfeld modular curve, and secondly when $k$ is a totally real number field and $E/k$ is parametrized by a Shimura curve. In both cases our approach uses the non-triviality of a sequence of Heegner points on $E$ defined over ring class fields.

On calcule les restrictions {\`a} l'alg{\`e}bre de Hecke sph{\'e}rique des traces tordues compactes d'un ensemble de repr{\'e}sentations explicitement construites du groupe $\GL(N, F)$, o{\`u} $F$ est un corps $p$-adique. Ces calculs r\'esolve en particulier une question pos{\'e}e dans un article pr\'ec\'edent du m\^eme auteur.

Starting with a 2-dimensional mod $p$ Galois representation, we construct a deformation to a power series ring in infinitely many variables over the $p$-adics. The image of this representation is full in the sense that it contains $\SL_2$ of this power series ring. Furthermore, all ${\mathbb Z}_p$ specializations of this deformation are potentially semistable at $p$.

Let $K$ be a number field, and let $F$ be a symmetric bilinear form in $2N$ variables over $K$. Let $Z$ be a subspace of $K^N$. A classical theorem of Witt states that the bilinear space $(Z,F)$ can be decomposed into an orthogonal sum of hyperbolic planes and singular and anisotropic components. We prove the existence of such a decomposition of small height, where all bounds on height are explicit in terms of heights of $F$ and $Z$. We also prove a special version of Siegel's lemma for a bilinear space, which provides a small-height orthogonal decomposition into one-dimensional subspaces. Finally, we prove an effective version of the Cartan--Dieudonn{\'e} theorem. Namely, we show that every isometry $\sigma$ of a regular bilinear space $(Z,F)$ can be represented as a product of reflections of bounded heights with an explicit bound on heights in terms of heights of $F$, $Z$, and $\sigma$.

Meromorphic continuation of the Eisenstein series induced from spherical, cuspidal data on parabolic subgroups is achieved via reworking Bernstein's adaptation of Selberg's third proof of meromorphic continuation.

We prove two spectral identities. The first one relates the relative trace formula for the spherical variety $\GSpin(4,3)/G_2$ with a weighted trace formula for $\GL_2$. The second relates a spherical variety pertaining to $F_4$ to one of $\GSp(6)$. These identities are in accordance with a conjecture made by Jacquet, Lai, and Rallis, and are obtained without an appeal to a geometric comparison.

Let $\mathcal{D}$ be a division algebra over a nonarchimedean local field. Given an irreducible representation $\pi$ of $\GL_2(\mathcal{D})$, we describe its restriction to the diagonal subgroup $\mathcal{D}^* \times \mathcal{D}^*$. The description is in terms of the structure of the twisted Jacquet module of the representation $\pi$. The proof involves Kirillov theory that we have developed earlier in joint work with Dipendra Prasad. The main result on restriction also shows that $\pi$ is $\mathcal{D}^* \times \mathcal{D}^*$-distinguished if and only if $\pi$ admits a Shalika model. We further prove that if $\mathcal{D}$ is a quaternion division algebra then the twisted Jacquet module is multiplicity-free by proving an appropriate theorem on invariant distributions; this then proves a multiplicity-one theorem on the restriction to $\mathcal{D}^* \times \mathcal{D}^*$ in the quaternionic case.

Let $K$ be a totally real number field of degree $n$. We show that the number of totally positive integers (or more generally the number of totally positive elements of a given fractional ideal) of given trace is evenly distributed around its expected value, which is obtained from geometric considerations. This result depends on unfolding an integral over a compact torus.

We give a two dimensional extension of the three distance Theorem. Let $\theta$ be in $\mathbf{R}^{2}$ and let $q$ be in $\mathbf{N}$. There exists a triangulation of $\mathbf{R}^{2}$ invariant by $\mathbf{Z}^{2}$-translations, whose set of vertices is $\mathbf{Z}^{2}+\{0,\theta,\dots,q\theta\}$, and whose number of different triangles, up to translations, is bounded above by a constant which does not depend on $\theta$ and $q$.

Let $K$ be a real quadratic field, and $p$ a rational prime which is inert in $K$. Let $\alpha$ be a modular unit on $\Gamma_0(N)$. In an earlier joint article with Henri Darmon, we presented the definition of an element $u(\alpha, \tau) \in K_p^\times$ attached to $\alpha$ and each $\tau \in K$. We conjectured that the $p$-adic number $u(\alpha, \tau)$ lies in a specific ring class extension of $K$ depending on $\tau$, and proposed a ``Shimura reciprocity law" describing the permutation action of Galois on the set of $u(\alpha, \tau)$. This article provides computational evidence for these conjectures. We present an efficient algorithm for computing $u(\alpha, \tau)$, and implement this algorithm with the modular unit $\alpha(z) = \Delta(z)^2\Delta(4z)/\Delta(2z)^3.$ Using $p = 3, 5, 7,$ and $11$, and all real quadratic fields $K$ with discriminant $D < 500$ such that $2$ splits in $K$ and $K$ contains no unit of negative norm, we obtain results supporting our conjectures. One of the theoretical results in this paper is that a certain measure used to define $u(\alpha, \tau)$ is shown to be $\mathbf{Z}$-valued rather than only $\mathbf{Z}_p \cap \mathbf{Q}$-valued; this is an improvement over our previous result and allows for a precise definition of $u(\alpha, \tau)$, instead of only up to a root of unity.

We determine which isogeny classes of supersingular abelian surfaces over a finite field $k$ of characteristic $2$ contain jacobians. We deal with this problem in a direct way by computing explicitly the zeta function of all supersingular curves of genus $2$. Our procedure is constructive, so that we are able to exhibit curves with prescribed zeta function and find formulas for the number of curves, up to $k$-isomorphism, leading to the same zeta function.

For each real number $\xi$, let $\lambdahat_2(\xi)$ denote the supremum of all real numbers $\lambda$ such that, for each sufficiently large $X$, the inequalities $|x_0| \le X$, $|x_0\xi-x_1| \le X^{-\lambda}$ and $|x_0\xi^2-x_2| \le X^{-\lambda}$ admit a solution in integers $x_0$, $x_1$ and $x_2$ not all zero, and let $\omegahat_2(\xi)$ denote the supremum of all real numbers $\omega$ such that, for each sufficiently large $X$, the dual inequalities $|x_0+x_1\xi+x_2\xi^2| \le X^{-\omega}$, $|x_1| \le X$ and $|x_2| \le X$ admit a solution in integers $x_0$, $x_1$ and $x_2$ not all zero. Answering a question of Y.~Bugeaud and M.~Laurent, we show that the exponents $\lambdahat_2(\xi)$ where $\xi$ ranges through all real numbers with $[\bQ(\xi)\wcol\bQ]>2$ form a dense subset of the interval $[1/2, (\sqrt{5}-1)/2]$ while, for the same values of $\xi$, the dual exponents $\omegahat_2(\xi)$ form a dense subset of $[2, (\sqrt{5}+3)/2]$. Part of the proof rests on a result of V.~Jarn\'{\i}k showing that $\lambdahat_2(\xi) = 1-\omegahat_2(\xi)^{-1}$ for any real number $\xi$ with $[\bQ(\xi)\wcol\bQ]>2$.

In this paper we prove the unitarity of duals of tempered representations supported on minimal parabolic subgroups for split classical $p$-adic groups. We also construct a family of unitary spherical representations for real and complex classical groups

Let $C$ be the class of convex sequences of real numbers. The quadratic irrational numbers can be partitioned into two types as follows. If $\alpha$ is of the first type and $(c_k) \in C$, then $\sum (-1)^{\lfloor k\alpha \rfloor} c_k$ converges if and only if $c_k \log k \rightarrow 0$. If $\alpha$ is of the second type and $(c_k) \in C$, then $\sum (-1)^{\lfloor k\alpha \rfloor} c_k$ converges if and only if $\sum c_k/k$ converges. An example of a quadratic irrational of the first type is $\sqrt{2}$, and an example of the second type is $\sqrt{3}$. The analysis of this problem relies heavily on the representation of $ \alpha$ as a simple continued fraction and on properties of the sequences of partial sums $S(n)=\sum_{k=1}^n (-1)^{\lfloor k\alpha \rfloor}$ and double partial sums $T(n)=\sum_{k=1}^n S(k)$.

Let $\phi(n)$ be the Euler phi-function, define $\phi_0(n) = n$ and $\phi_{k+1}(n)=\phi(\phi_{k}(n))$ for all $k\geq 0$. We will determine an asymptotic formula for the set of integers $n$ less than $x$ for which $\phi_k(n)$ is $y$-smooth, conditionally on a weak form of the Elliott--Halberstam conjecture.

Dans un travail ant\'erieur, nous avions montr\'e que l'induite parabolique (normalis\'ee) d'une repr\'esentation irr\'eductible cuspidale $\sigma $ d'un sous-groupe de Levi $M$ d'un groupe $p$-adique contient un sous-quotient de carr\'e int\'egrable, si et seulement si la fonction $\mu $ de Harish-Chandra a un p\^ole en $\sigma $ d'ordre \'egal au rang parabolique de $M$. L'objet de cet article est d'interpr\'eter ce r\'esultat en termes de fonctorialit\'e de Langlands.