The purpose of this note is introducing a method for proving the existence of no rational points on a coarse moduli space $X$ of abelian varieties over a given number field $K$, in cases where the moduli problem is not fine and points in $X(K)$ may not be represented by an abelian variety (with additional structure) admitting a model over the field $K$. This is typically the case when the abelian varieties that are being classified have even dimension. The main idea, inspired on the work of Ellenberg and Skinner on the modularity of $\mathbb{Q}$-curves, is that to a point $P=[A]\in X(K)$ represented by an abelian variety $A/\bar K$ one may still attach a Galois representation of $\operatorname{Gal}(\bar K/K)$ with values in the quotient group $\operatorname{GL}(T_\ell(A))/\operatorname{Aut}(A)$, provided $\operatorname{Aut}(A)$ lies in the centre of $\operatorname{GL}(T_\ell(A))$. We exemplify our method in the cases where $X$ is a Shimura curve over an imaginary quadratic field or an Atkin-Lehner quotient over $\mathbb{Q}$.

Let $\mathbb{F}_q[t]$ denote the polynomial ring over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. We employ Wooley's new efficient congruencing method to prove certain multidimensional Vinogradov-type estimates in $\mathbb{F}_q[t]$. These results allow us to apply a variant of the circle method to obtain asymptotic formulas for a system connected to the problem about linear spaces lying on hypersurfaces defined over $\mathbb{F}_q[t]$.

Let $F$ be a $p$-adic field of characteristic $0$, and let $M$ be an $F$-Levi subgroup of a connected reductive $F$-split group such that $\Pi_{i=1}^{r} SL_{n_i} \subseteq M \subseteq \Pi_{i=1}^{r} GL_{n_i}$ for positive integers $r$ and $n_i$. We prove that the Plancherel measure for any unitary supercuspidal representation of $M(F)$ is identically transferred under the local Jacquet-Langlands type correspondence between $M$ and its $F$-inner forms, assuming a working hypothesis that Plancherel measures are invariant on a certain set. This work extends the result of Muić and Savin (2000) for Siegel Levi subgroups of the groups $SO_{4n}$ and $Sp_{4n}$ under the local Jacquet-Langlands correspondence. It can be applied to a simply connected simple $F$-group of type $E_6$ or $E_7$, and a connected reductive $F$-group of type $A_{n}$, $B_{n}$, $C_n$ or $D_n$.

The main result of this paper is a characterization of the abelian varieties $B/K$ defined over Galois number fields with the property that the $L$-function $L(B/K;s)$ is a product of $L$-functions of non-CM newforms over $\mathbb Q$ for congruence subgroups of the form $\Gamma_1(N)$. The characterization involves the structure of $\operatorname{End}(B)$, isogenies between the Galois conjugates of $B$, and a Galois cohomology class attached to $B/K$. We call the varieties having this property strongly modular. The last section is devoted to the study of a family of abelian surfaces with quaternionic multiplication. As an illustration of the ways in which the general results of the paper can be applied we prove the strong modularity of some particular abelian surfaces belonging to that family, and we show how to find nontrivial examples of strongly modular varieties by twisting.

We construct unconditionally several families of number fields with the largest possible class numbers. They are number fields of degree 4 and 5 whose Galois closures have the Galois group $A_4, S_4$ and $S_5$. We first construct families of number fields with smallest regulators, and by using the strong Artin conjecture and applying zero density result of Kowalski-Michel, we choose subfamilies of $L$-functions which are zero free close to 1. For these subfamilies, the $L$-functions have the extremal value at $s=1$, and by the class number formula, we obtain the extreme class numbers.

We show that higher order invariants of smooth functions can be written as linear combinations of full invariants times iterated integrals. The non-uniqueness of such a presentation is captured in the kernel of the ensuing map from the tensor product. This kernel is computed explicitly. As a consequence, it turns out that higher order invariants are a free module of the algebra of full invariants.

We construct a bipartite Euler system in the sense of Howard for Hilbert modular eigenforms of parallel weight two over totally real fields, generalizing works of Bertolini-Darmon, Longo, Nekovar, Pollack-Weston and others. The construction has direct applications to Iwasawa main conjectures. For instance, it implies in many cases one divisibility of the associated dihedral or anticyclotomic main conjecture, at the same time reducing the other divisibility to a certain nonvanishing criterion for the associated $p$-adic $L$-functions. It also has applications to cyclotomic main conjectures for Hilbert modular forms over CM fields via the technique of Skinner and Urban.

Let $P\in\mathbb Z[n]$ with $P(0)=0$ and $\varepsilon\gt 0$. We show, using Fourier analytic techniques, that if $N\geq \exp\exp(C\varepsilon^{-1}\log\varepsilon^{-1})$ and $A\subseteq\{1,\dots,N\}$, then there must exist $n\in\mathbb N$ such that \[\frac{|A\cap (A+P(n))|}{N}\gt \left(\frac{|A|}{N}\right)^2-\varepsilon.\] In addition to this we also show, using the same Fourier analytic methods, that if $A\subseteq\mathbb N$, then the set of $\varepsilon$-optimal return times \[R(A,P,\varepsilon)=\left\{n\in \mathbb N \,:\,\delta(A\cap(A+P(n)))\gt \delta(A)^2-\varepsilon\right\}\] is syndetic for every $\varepsilon\gt 0$. Moreover, we show that $R(A,P,\varepsilon)$ is dense in every sufficiently long interval, in particular we show that there exists an $L=L(\varepsilon,P,A)$ such that \[\left|R(A,P,\varepsilon)\cap I\right| \geq c(\varepsilon,P)|I|\] for all intervals $I$ of natural numbers with $|I|\geq L$ and $c(\varepsilon,P)=\exp\exp(-C\,\varepsilon^{-1}\log\varepsilon^{-1})$.

In this article, we show to which extent one can improve a theorem of Bombieri, Friedlander and Iwaniec by using Hooley's variant of the divisor switching technique. We also give an application of the theorem in question, which is a Bombieri-Vinogradov type theorem for the Tichmarsh divisor problem in arithmetic progressions.

We fix a mistake in the proof of Theorem 1.6 in the paper in the title.

Dans cet article, on énonce une variante du lemme fondamental pondéré d'Arthur pour le groupe métaplectique de Weil, qui sera un ingrédient indispensable de la stabilisation de la formule des traces. Pour un corps de caractéristique résiduelle suffisamment grande, on en donne une démonstration à l'aide de la méthode de descente, qui est conditionnelle: on admet le lemme fondamental pondéré non standard sur les algèbres de Lie. Vu les travaux de Chaudouard et Laumon, on s'attend à ce que cette condition soit ultérieurement vérifiée.

In this paper we study the extension problem, the averaging problem, and the generalized Erdős-Falconer distance problem associated with arbitrary homogeneous varieties in three dimensional vector spaces over finite fields. In the case when the varieties do not contain any plane passing through the origin, we obtain the best possible results on the aforementioned three problems. In particular, our result on the extension problem modestly generalizes the result by Mockenhaupt and Tao who studied the particular conical extension problem. In addition, investigating the Fourier decay on homogeneous varieties enables us to give complete mapping properties of averaging operators. Moreover, we improve the size condition on a set such that the cardinality of its distance set is nontrivial.

Let $(n_k)_{k \geq 1}$ be an increasing sequence of positive integers, and let $f(x)$ be a real function satisfying \begin{equation} \tag{1} f(x+1)=f(x), \qquad \int_0^1 f(x) ~dx=0,\qquad \operatorname{Var_{[0,1]}} f \lt \infty. \end{equation} If $\lim_{k \to \infty} \frac{n_{k+1}}{n_k} = \infty$ the distribution of \begin{equation} \tag{2} \frac{\sum_{k=1}^N f(n_k x)}{\sqrt{N}} \end{equation} converges to a Gaussian distribution. In the case $$ 1 \lt \liminf_{k \to \infty} \frac{n_{k+1}}{n_k}, \qquad \limsup_{k \to \infty} \frac{n_{k+1}}{n_k} \lt \infty $$ there is a complex interplay between the analytic properties of the function $f$, the number-theoretic properties of $(n_k)_{k \geq 1}$, and the limit distribution of (2). In this paper we prove that any sequence $(n_k)_{k \geq 1}$ satisfying $\limsup_{k \to \infty} \frac{n_{k+1}}{n_k} = 1$ contains a nontrivial subsequence $(m_k)_{k \geq 1}$ such that for any function satisfying (1) the distribution of $$ \frac{\sum_{k=1}^N f(m_k x)}{\sqrt{N}} $$ converges to a Gaussian distribution. This result is best possible: for any $\varepsilon\gt 0$ there exists a sequence $(n_k)_{k \geq 1}$ satisfying $\limsup_{k \to \infty} \frac{n_{k+1}}{n_k} \leq 1 + \varepsilon$ such that for every nontrivial subsequence $(m_k)_{k \geq 1}$ of $(n_k)_{k \geq 1}$ the distribution of (2) does not converge to a Gaussian distribution for some $f$. Our result can be viewed as a Ramsey type result: a sufficiently dense increasing integer sequence contains a subsequence having a certain requested number-theoretic property.

We prove a non-vanishing result for families of $\operatorname{GL}_n\times\operatorname{GL}_n$ Rankin-Selberg $L$-functions in the critical strip, as one factor runs over twists by Hecke characters. As an application, we simplify the proof, due to Luo, Rudnick, and Sarnak, of the best known bounds towards the Generalized Ramanujan Conjecture at the infinite places for cusp forms on $\operatorname{GL}_n$. A key ingredient is the regularization of the units in residue classes by the use of an Arakelov ray class group.

In this paper, we generalize a conjecture due to Darmon and Logan in an adelic setting. We study the relation between our construction and Kudla's works on cycles on orthogonal Shimura varieties. This relation allows us to conjecture a Gross-Kohnen-Zagier theorem for Darmon's points.

In this article we refine the method of Bertolini and Darmon and prove several finiteness results for anticyclotomic Selmer groups of Hilbert modular forms of parallel weight two.

In his last letter to Hardy, Ramanujan defined 17 functions $F(q)$, $|q|\lt 1$, which he called mock $\theta$-functions. He observed that as $q$ radially approaches any root of unity $\zeta$ at which $F(q)$ has an exponential singularity, there is a $\theta$-function $T_\zeta(q)$ with $F(q)-T_\zeta(q)=O(1)$. Since then, other functions have been found that possess this property. These functions are related to a function $H(x,q)$, where $x$ is usually $q^r$ or $e^{2\pi i r}$ for some rational number $r$. For this reason we refer to $H$ as a ``universal'' mock $\theta$-function. Modular transformations of $H$ give rise to the functions $K$, $K_1$, $K_2$. The functions $K$ and $K_1$ appear in Ramanujan's lost notebook. We prove various linear relations between these functions using Appell-Lerch sums (also called generalized Lambert series). Some relations (mock theta ``conjectures'') involving mock $\theta$-functions of even order and $H$ are listed.

Darmon cycles are a higher weight analogue of Stark--Heegner points. They yield local cohomology classes in the Deligne representation associated with a cuspidal form on $\Gamma _{0}( N) $ of even weight $k_{0}\geq 2$. They are conjectured to be the restriction of global cohomology classes in the Bloch--Kato Selmer group defined over narrow ring class fields attached to a real quadratic field. We show that suitable linear combinations of them obtained by genus characters satisfy these conjectures. We also prove $p$-adic Gross--Zagier type formulas, relating the derivatives of $p$-adic $L$-functions of the weight variable attached to imaginary (resp. real) quadratic fields to Heegner cycles (resp. Darmon cycles). Finally we express the second derivative of the Mazur--Kitagawa $p$-adic $L$-function of the weight variable in terms of a global cycle defined over a quadratic extension of $\mathbb{Q}$.

We discuss a clean level lowering theorem modulo prime powers for weight $2$ cusp forms. Furthermore, we illustrate how this can be used to completely solve certain twisted Fermat equations $ax^n+by^n+cz^n=0$.

We formulate an analog of Hermite's constant for function fields over a finite field and state a conjectural value for this analog. We prove our conjecture in many cases, and prove slightly weaker results in all other cases.

We present a general construction of Salem numbers via rational functions whose zeros and poles mostly lie on the unit circle and satisfy an interlacing condition. This extends and unifies earlier work. We then consider the ``obvious'' limit points of the set of Salem numbers produced by our theorems and show that these are all Pisot numbers, in support of a conjecture of Boyd. We then show that all Pisot numbers arise in this way. Combining this with a theorem of Boyd, we produce all Salem numbers via an interlacing construction.

Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over $\mathbb Q$ without complex multiplication, and for each prime $p$ of good reduction, let $n_E(p) = | E(\mathbb F_p) |$. For any integer $b$, we consider elliptic pseudoprimes to the base $b$. More precisely, let $Q_{E,b}(x)$ be the number of primes $p \leq x$ such that $b^{n_E(p)} \equiv b\,({\rm mod}\,n_E(p))$, and let $\pi_{E, b}^{\operatorname{pseu}}(x)$ be the number of compositive $n_E(p)$ such that $b^{n_E(p)} \equiv b\,({\rm mod}\,n_E(p))$ (also called elliptic curve pseudoprimes). Motivated by cryptography applications, we address the problem of finding upper bounds for $Q_{E,b}(x)$ and $\pi_{E, b}^{\operatorname{pseu}}(x)$, generalising some of the literature for the classical pseudoprimes to this new setting.

In this paper, we investigate a conjecture due to S. and P. Chowla and its generalization by Milnor. These are related to the delicate question of non-vanishing of $L$-functions associated to periodic functions at integers greater than $1$. We report on some progress in relation to these conjectures. In a different vein, we link them to a conjecture of Zagier on multiple zeta values and also to linear independence of polylogarithms.

Fix an elliptic curve $E/\mathbb{Q}$ and assume the Riemann Hypothesis for the $L$-function $L(E_D, s)$ for every quadratic twist $E_D$ of $E$ by $D\in\mathbb{Z}$. We combine Weil's explicit formula with techniques of Heath-Brown to derive an asymptotic upper bound for the weighted moments of the analytic rank of $E_D$. We derive from this an upper bound for the density of low-lying zeros of $L(E_D, s)$ that is compatible with the random matrix models of Katz and Sarnak. We also show that for any unbounded increasing function $f$ on $\mathbb{R}$, the analytic rank and (assuming in addition the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture) the number of integral points of $E_D$ are less than $f(D)$ for almost all $D$.

In this paper we study genus $2$ curves whose Jacobians admit a polarized $(4,4)$-isogeny to a product of elliptic curves. We consider base fields of characteristic different from $2$ and $3$, which we do not assume to be algebraically closed. We obtain a full classification of all principally polarized abelian surfaces that can arise from gluing two elliptic curves along their $4$-torsion, and we derive the relation their absolute invariants satisfy. As an intermediate step, we give a general description of Richelot isogenies between Jacobians of genus $2$ curves, where previously only Richelot isogenies with kernels that are pointwise defined over the base field were considered. Our main tool is a Galois theoretic characterization of genus $2$ curves admitting multiple Richelot isogenies.