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1. CJM 2014 (vol 67 pp. 424)

Samart, Detchat
 Mahler Measures as Linear Combinations of $L$-values of Multiple Modular Forms We study the Mahler measures of certain families of Laurent polynomials in two and three variables. Each of the known Mahler measure formulas for these families involves $L$-values of at most one newform and/or at most one quadratic character. In this paper, we show, either rigorously or numerically, that the Mahler measures of some polynomials are related to $L$-values of multiple newforms and quadratic characters simultaneously. The results suggest that the number of modular $L$-values appearing in the formulas significantly depends on the shape of the algebraic value of the parameter chosen for each polynomial. As a consequence, we also obtain new formulas relating special values of hypergeometric series evaluated at algebraic numbers to special values of $L$-functions. Keywords:Mahler measures, Eisenstein-Kronecker series, $L$-functions, hypergeometric seriesCategories:11F67, 33C20

2. CJM 2013 (vol 66 pp. 1382)

Wu, Xinfeng
 Weighted Carleson Measure Spaces Associated with Different Homogeneities In this paper, we introduce weighted Carleson measure spaces associated with different homogeneities and prove that these spaces are the dual spaces of weighted Hardy spaces studied in a forthcoming paper. As an application, we establish the boundedness of composition of two CalderÃ³n-Zygmund operators with different homogeneities on the weighted Carleson measure spaces; this, in particular, provides the weighted endpoint estimates for the operators studied by Phong-Stein. Keywords:composition of operators, weighted Carleson measure spaces, dualityCategories:42B20, 42B35

3. CJM 2013 (vol 66 pp. 566)

Choiy, Kwangho
 Transfer of Plancherel Measures for Unitary Supercuspidal Representations between $p$-adic Inner Forms Let $F$ be a $p$-adic field of characteristic $0$, and let $M$ be an $F$-Levi subgroup of a connected reductive $F$-split group such that $\Pi_{i=1}^{r} SL_{n_i} \subseteq M \subseteq \Pi_{i=1}^{r} GL_{n_i}$ for positive integers $r$ and $n_i$. We prove that the Plancherel measure for any unitary supercuspidal representation of $M(F)$ is identically transferred under the local Jacquet-Langlands type correspondence between $M$ and its $F$-inner forms, assuming a working hypothesis that Plancherel measures are invariant on a certain set. This work extends the result of MuiÄ and Savin (2000) for Siegel Levi subgroups of the groups $SO_{4n}$ and $Sp_{4n}$ under the local Jacquet-Langlands correspondence. It can be applied to a simply connected simple $F$-group of type $E_6$ or $E_7$, and a connected reductive $F$-group of type $A_{n}$, $B_{n}$, $C_n$ or $D_n$. Keywords:Plancherel measure, inner form, local to global global argument, cuspidal automorphic representation, Jacquet-Langlands correspondenceCategories:22E50, 11F70, 22E55, 22E35

4. CJM 2011 (vol 64 pp. 1075)

Raja, Chandiraraj Robinson Edward
 A Stochastic Difference Equation with Stationary Noise on Groups We consider the stochastic difference equation $$\eta _k = \xi _k \phi (\eta _{k-1}), \quad k \in \mathbb Z$$ on a locally compact group $G$ where $\phi$ is an automorphism of $G$, $\xi _k$ are given $G$-valued random variables and $\eta _k$ are unknown $G$-valued random variables. This equation was considered by Tsirelson and Yor on one-dimensional torus. We consider the case when $\xi _k$ have a common law $\mu$ and prove that if $G$ is a distal group and $\phi$ is a distal automorphism of $G$ and if the equation has a solution, then extremal solutions of the equation are in one-one correspondence with points on the coset space $K\backslash G$ for some compact subgroup $K$ of $G$ such that $\mu$ is supported on $Kz= z\phi (K)$ for any $z$ in the support of $\mu$. We also provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of solutions to the equation. Keywords:dissipating, distal automorphisms, probability measures, pointwise distal groups, shifted convolution powersCategories:60B15, 60G20

5. CJM 2011 (vol 64 pp. 961)

Borwein, Jonathan M.; Straub, Armin; Wan, James; Zudilin, Wadim
 Densities of Short Uniform Random Walks We study the densities of uniform random walks in the plane. A special focus is on the case of short walks with three or four steps and less completely those with five steps. As one of the main results, we obtain a hypergeometric representation of the density for four steps, which complements the classical elliptic representation in the case of three steps. It appears unrealistic to expect similar results for more than five steps. New results are also presented concerning the moments of uniform random walks and, in particular, their derivatives. Relations with Mahler measures are discussed. Keywords:random walks, hypergeometric functions, Mahler measureCategories:60G50, 33C20, 34M25, 44A10

6. CJM 2011 (vol 63 pp. 648)

Ngai, Sze-Man
 Spectral Asymptotics of Laplacians Associated with One-dimensional Iterated Function Systems with Overlaps We set up a framework for computing the spectral dimension of a class of one-dimensional self-similar measures that are defined by iterated function systems with overlaps and satisfy a family of second-order self-similar identities. As applications of our result we obtain the spectral dimension of important measures such as the infinite Bernoulli convolution associated with the golden ratio and convolutions of Cantor-type measures. The main novelty of our result is that the iterated function systems we consider are not post-critically finite and do not satisfy the well-known open set condition. Keywords:spectral dimension, fractal, Laplacian, self-similar measure, iterated function system with overlaps, second-order self-similar identitiesCategories:28A80, , , , 35P20, 35J05, 43A05, 47A75

7. CJM 2010 (vol 62 pp. 1419)

Yang, Dachun; Yang, Dongyong
 BMO-Estimates for Maximal Operators via Approximations of the Identity with Non-Doubling Measures Let $\mu$ be a nonnegative Radon measure on $\mathbb{R}^d$ that satisfies the growth condition that there exist constants $C_0>0$ and $n\in(0,d]$ such that for all $x\in\mathbb{R}^d$ and $r>0$, ${\mu(B(x,\,r))\le C_0r^n}$, where $B(x,r)$ is the open ball centered at $x$ and having radius $r$. In this paper, the authors prove that if $f$ belongs to the $\textrm {BMO}$-type space $\textrm{RBMO}(\mu)$ of Tolsa, then the homogeneous maximal function $\dot{\mathcal{M}}_S(f)$ (when $\mathbb{R}^d$ is not an initial cube) and the inhomogeneous maximal function $\mathcal{M}_S(f)$ (when $\mathbb{R}^d$ is an initial cube) associated with a given approximation of the identity $S$ of Tolsa are either infinite everywhere or finite almost everywhere, and in the latter case, $\dot{\mathcal{M}}_S$ and $\mathcal{M}_S$ are bounded from $\textrm{RBMO}(\mu)$ to the $\textrm {BLO}$-type space $\textrm{RBLO}(\mu)$. The authors also prove that the inhomogeneous maximal operator $\mathcal{M}_S$ is bounded from the local $\textrm {BMO}$-type space $\textrm{rbmo}(\mu)$ to the local $\textrm {BLO}$-type space $\textrm{rblo}(\mu)$. Keywords:Non-doubling measure, maximal operator, approximation of the identity, RBMO(mu), RBLO(mu), rbmo(mu), rblo(mu)Categories:42B25, 42B30, 47A30, 43A99

8. CJM 2010 (vol 62 pp. 827)

Ouyang, Caiheng; Xu, Quanhua
 BMO Functions and Carleson Measures with Values in Uniformly Convex Spaces This paper studies the relationship between vector-valued BMO functions and the Carleson measures defined by their gradients. Let $dA$ and $dm$ denote Lebesgue measures on the unit disc $D$ and the unit circle $\mathbf{T}$, respectively. For $1< q<\infty$ and a Banach space $B$, we prove that there exists a positive constant $c$ such that $$\sup_{z_0\in D}\int_{D}(1-|z|)^{q-1}\|\nabla f(z)\|^q P_{z_0}(z) dA(z) \le c^q\sup_{z_0\in D}\int_{\mathbf{T}}\|f(z)-f(z_0)\|^qP_{z_0}(z) dm(z)$$ holds for all trigonometric polynomials $f$ with coefficients in $B$ if and only if $B$ admits an equivalent norm which is $q$-uniformly convex, where $$P_{z_0}(z)=\frac{1-|z_0|^2}{|1-\bar{z_0}z|^2} .$$ The validity of the converse inequality is equivalent to the existence of an equivalent $q$-uniformly smooth norm. Keywords:BMO, Carleson measures, Lusin type, Lusin cotype, uniformly convex spaces, uniformly smooth spacesCategories:46E40, 42B25, 46B20

9. CJM 2009 (vol 61 pp. 124)

Dijkstra, Jan J.; Mill, Jan van
 Characterizing Complete Erd\H os Space The space now known as {\em complete Erd\H os space\/} $\cerdos$ was introduced by Paul Erd\H os in 1940 as the closed subspace of the Hilbert space $\ell^2$ consisting of all vectors such that every coordinate is in the convergent sequence $\{0\}\cup\{1/n:n\in\N\}$. In a solution to a problem posed by Lex G. Oversteegen we present simple and useful topological characterizations of $\cerdos$. As an application we determine the class of factors of $\cerdos$. In another application we determine precisely which of the spaces that can be constructed in the Banach spaces $\ell^p$ according to the `Erd\H os method' are homeomorphic to $\cerdos$. A novel application states that if $I$ is a Polishable $F_\sigma$-ideal on $\omega$, then $I$ with the Polish topology is homeomorphic to either $\Z$, the Cantor set $2^\omega$, $\Z\times2^\omega$, or $\cerdos$. This last result answers a question that was asked by Stevo Todor{\v{c}}evi{\'c}. Keywords:Complete Erd\H os space, Lelek fan, almost zero-dimensional, nowhere zero-dimensional, Polishable ideals, submeasures on $\omega$, $\R$-trees, line-free groups in Banach spacesCategories:28C10, 46B20, 54F65

10. CJM 2006 (vol 58 pp. 401)

Kolountzakis, Mihail N.; Révész, Szilárd Gy.
 On Pointwise Estimates of Positive Definite Functions With Given Support The following problem has been suggested by Paul Tur\' an. Let $\Omega$ be a symmetric convex body in the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^d$ or in the torus $\TT^d$. Then, what is the largest possible value of the integral of positive definite functions that are supported in $\Omega$ and normalized with the value $1$ at the origin? From this, Arestov, Berdysheva and Berens arrived at the analogous pointwise extremal problem for intervals in $\RR$. That is, under the same conditions and normalizations, the supremum of possible function values at $z$ is to be found for any given point $z\in\Omega$. However, it turns out that the problem for the real line has already been solved by Boas and Kac, who gave several proofs and also mentioned possible extensions to $\RR^d$ and to non-convex domains as well. Here we present another approach to the problem, giving the solution in $\RR^d$ and for several cases in~$\TT^d$. Actually, we elaborate on the fact that the problem is essentially one-dimensional and investigate non-convex open domains as well. We show that the extremal problems are equivalent to some more familiar ones concerning trigonometric polynomials, and thus find the extremal values for a few cases. An analysis of the relationship between the problem for $\RR^d$ and that for $\TT^d$ is given, showing that the former case is just the limiting case of the latter. Thus the hierarchy of difficulty is established, so that extremal problems for trigonometric polynomials gain renewed recognition. Keywords:Fourier transform, positive definite functions and measures, TurÃ¡n's extremal problem, convex symmetric domains, positive trigonometric polynomials, dual extremal problemsCategories:42B10, 26D15, 42A82, 42A05

11. CJM 2005 (vol 57 pp. 1139)

Burke, Maxim R.; Miller, Arnold W.
 Models in Which Every Nonmeager Set is Nonmeager in a Nowhere Dense Cantor Set We prove that it is relatively consistent with $\ZFC$ that in any perfect Polish space, for every nonmeager set $A$ there exists a nowhere dense Cantor set $C$ such that $A\cap C$ is nonmeager in $C$. We also examine variants of this result and establish a measure theoretic analog. Keywords:Property of Baire, Lebesgue measure,, Cantor set, oracle forcingCategories:03E35, 03E17, 03E50

12. CJM 2005 (vol 57 pp. 204)

Xiong, Jie; Zhou, Xiaowen
 On the Duality between Coalescing Brownian Motions A duality formula is found for coalescing Brownian motions on the real line. It is shown that the joint distribution of a coalescing Brownian motion can be determined by another coalescing Brownian motion running backward. This duality is used to study a measure-valued process arising as the high density limit of the empirical measures of coalescing Brownian motions. Keywords:coalescing Brownian motions, duality, martingale problem,, measure-valued processesCategories:60J65, 60G57

13. CJM 2003 (vol 55 pp. 3)

Baake, Michael; Baake, Ellen
 An Exactly Solved Model for Mutation, Recombination and Selection It is well known that rather general mutation-recombination models can be solved algorithmically (though not in closed form) by means of Haldane linearization. The price to be paid is that one has to work with a multiple tensor product of the state space one started from. Here, we present a relevant subclass of such models, in continuous time, with independent mutation events at the sites, and crossover events between them. It admits a closed solution of the corresponding differential equation on the basis of the original state space, and also closed expressions for the linkage disequilibria, derived by means of M\"obius inversion. As an extra benefit, the approach can be extended to a model with selection of additive type across sites. We also derive a necessary and sufficient criterion for the mean fitness to be a Lyapunov function and determine the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions. Keywords:population genetics, recombination, nonlinear $\ODE$s, measure-valued dynamical systems, MÃ¶bius inversionCategories:92D10, 34L30, 37N30, 06A07, 60J25

14. CJM 1997 (vol 49 pp. 887)

Borwein, Peter; Pinner, Christopher
 Polynomials with $\{ 0, +1, -1\}$ coefficients and a root close to a given point For a fixed algebraic number $\alpha$ we discuss how closely $\alpha$ can be approximated by a root of a $\{0,+1,-1\}$ polynomial of given degree. We show that the worst rate of approximation tends to occur for roots of unity, particularly those of small degree. For roots of unity these bounds depend on the order of vanishing, $k$, of the polynomial at $\alpha$. In particular we obtain the following. Let ${\cal B}_{N}$ denote the set of roots of all $\{0,+1,-1\}$ polynomials of degree at most $N$ and ${\cal B}_{N}(\alpha,k)$ the roots of those polynomials that have a root of order at most $k$ at $\alpha$. For a Pisot number $\alpha$ in $(1,2]$ we show that $\min_{\beta \in {\cal B}_{N}\setminus \{ \alpha \}} |\alpha -\beta| \asymp \frac{1}{\alpha^{N}},$ and for a root of unity $\alpha$ that $\min_{\beta \in {\cal B}_{N}(\alpha,k)\setminus \{\alpha\}} |\alpha -\beta|\asymp \frac{1}{N^{(k+1) \left\lceil \frac{1}{2}\phi (d)\right\rceil +1}}.$ We study in detail the case of $\alpha=1$, where, by far, the best approximations are real. We give fairly precise bounds on the closest real root to 1. When $k=0$ or 1 we can describe the extremal polynomials explicitly. Keywords:Mahler measure, zero one polynomials, Pisot numbers, root separationCategories:11J68, 30C10

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