Let $({\mathcal X}, d, \mu)$ be a separable metric measure space satisfying the known upper doubling condition, the geometrical doubling condition, and the non-atomic condition that $\mu(\{x\})=0$ for all $x\in{\mathcal X}$. In this paper, we show that the boundedness of a Calderón-Zygmund operator $T$ on $L^2(\mu)$ is equivalent to that of $T$ on $L^p(\mu)$ for some $p\in (1, \infty)$, and that of $T$ from $L^1(\mu)$ to $L^{1,\,\infty}(\mu).$ As an application, we prove that if $T$ is a Calderón-Zygmund operator bounded on $L^2(\mu)$, then its maximal operator is bounded on $L^p(\mu)$ for all $p\in (1, \infty)$ and from the space of all complex-valued Borel measures on ${\mathcal X}$ to $L^{1,\,\infty}(\mu)$. All these results generalize the corresponding results of Nazarov et al. on metric spaces with measures satisfying the so-called polynomial growth condition.

Let $\mu$ be a nonnegative Radon measure on $\mathbb{R}^d$ that satisfies the growth condition that there exist constants $C_0>0$ and $n\in(0,d]$ such that for all $x\in\mathbb{R}^d$ and $r>0$, ${\mu(B(x,\,r))\le C_0r^n}$, where $B(x,r)$ is the open ball centered at $x$ and having radius $r$. In this paper, the authors prove that if $f$ belongs to the $\textrm {BMO}$-type space $\textrm{RBMO}(\mu)$ of Tolsa, then the homogeneous maximal function $\dot{\mathcal{M}}_S(f)$ (when $\mathbb{R}^d$ is not an initial cube) and the inhomogeneous maximal function $\mathcal{M}_S(f)$ (when $\mathbb{R}^d$ is an initial cube) associated with a given approximation of the identity $S$ of Tolsa are either infinite everywhere or finite almost everywhere, and in the latter case, $\dot{\mathcal{M}}_S$ and $\mathcal{M}_S$ are bounded from $\textrm{RBMO}(\mu)$ to the $\textrm {BLO}$-type space $\textrm{RBLO}(\mu)$. The authors also prove that the inhomogeneous maximal operator $\mathcal{M}_S$ is bounded from the local $\textrm {BMO}$-type space $\textrm{rbmo}(\mu)$ to the local $\textrm {BLO}$-type space $\textrm{rblo}(\mu)$.