"Co-Frobenius" coalgebras were introduced as dualizations of Frobenius algebras. We previously showed that they admit left-right symmetric characterizations analogue to those of Frobenius algebras. We consider the more general quasi-co-Frobenius (QcF) coalgebras; the first main result in this paper is that these also admit symmetric characterizations: a coalgebra is QcF if it is weakly isomorphic to its (left, or right) rational dual $Rat(C^*)$, in the sense that certain coproduct or product powers of these objects are isomorphic. Fundamental results of Hopf algebras, such as the equivalent characterizations of Hopf algebras with nonzero integrals as left (or right) co-Frobenius, QcF, semiperfect or with nonzero rational dual, as well as the uniqueness of integrals and a short proof of the bijectivity of the antipode for such Hopf algebras all follow as a consequence of these results. This gives a purely representation theoretic approach to many of the basic fundamental results in the theory of Hopf algebras. Furthermore, we introduce a general concept of Frobenius algebra, which makes sense for infinite dimensional and for topological algebras, and specializes to the classical notion in the finite case. This will be a topological algebra $A$ that is isomorphic to its complete topological dual $A^\vee$. We show that $A$ is a (quasi)Frobenius algebra if and only if $A$ is the dual $C^*$ of a (quasi)co-Frobenius coalgebra $C$. We give many examples of co-Frobenius coalgebras and Hopf algebras connected to category theory, homological algebra and the newer q-homological algebra, topology or graph theory, showing the importance of the concept.

We show that higher order invariants of smooth functions can be written as linear combinations of full invariants times iterated integrals. The non-uniqueness of such a presentation is captured in the kernel of the ensuing map from the tensor product. This kernel is computed explicitly. As a consequence, it turns out that higher order invariants are a free module of the algebra of full invariants.

In 1960, Sobolev proved that for a finite reflection group $G$, a $G$-invariant cubature formula is of degree $t$ if and only if it is exact for all $G$-invariant polynomials of degree at most $t$. In this paper, we find some observations on invariant cubature formulas and Euclidean designs in connection with the Sobolev theorem. First, we give an alternative proof of theorems by Xu (1998) on necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of cubature formulas with some strong symmetry. The new proof is shorter and simpler compared to the original one by Xu, and moreover gives a general interpretation of the analytically-written conditions of Xu's theorems. Second, we extend a theorem by Neumaier and Seidel (1988) on Euclidean designs to invariant Euclidean designs, and thereby classify tight Euclidean designs obtained from unions of the orbits of the corner vectors. This result generalizes a theorem of Bajnok (2007) which classifies tight Euclidean designs invariant under the Weyl group of type $B$ to other finite reflection groups.

In this paper we characterize the compactness of the commutator $[b,T]$ for the singular integral operator on the Morrey spaces $L^{p,\lambda}(\mathbb R^n)$. More precisely, we prove that if $b\in \operatorname{VMO}(\mathbb R^n)$, the $\operatorname {BMO} (\mathbb R^n)$-closure of $C_c^\infty(\mathbb R^n)$, then $[b,T]$ is a compact operator on the Morrey spaces $L^{p,\lambda}(\mathbb R^n)$ for $1\lt p\lt \infty$ and $0\lt \lambda\lt n$. Conversely, if $b\in \operatorname{BMO}(\mathbb R^n)$ and $[b,T]$ is a compact operator on the $L^{p,\,\lambda}(\mathbb R^n)$ for some $p\ (1\lt p\lt \infty)$, then $b\in \operatorname {VMO}(\mathbb R^n)$. Moreover, the boundedness of a rough singular integral operator $T$ and its commutator $[b,T]$ on $L^{p,\,\lambda}(\mathbb R^n)$ are also given. We obtain a sufficient condition for a subset in Morrey space to be a strongly pre-compact set, which has interest in its own right.

W. Casselman defined a basis $f_u$ of Iwahori fixed vectors of a spherical representation $(\pi, V)$ of a split semisimple $p$-adic group $G$ over a nonarchimedean local field $F$ by the condition that it be dual to the intertwining operators, indexed by elements $u$ of the Weyl group $W$. On the other hand, there is a natural basis $\psi_u$, and one seeks to find the transition matrices between the two bases. Thus, let $f_u = \sum_v \tilde{m} (u, v) \psi_v$ and $\psi_u = \sum_v m (u, v) f_v$. Using the Iwahori-Hecke algebra we prove that if a combinatorial condition is satisfied, then $m (u, v) = \prod_{\alpha} \frac{1 - q^{- 1} \mathbf{z}^{\alpha}}{1 -\mathbf{z}^{\alpha}}$, where $\mathbf z$ are the Langlands parameters for the representation and $\alpha$ runs through the set $S (u, v)$ of positive coroots $\alpha \in \hat{\Phi}$ (the dual root system of $G$) such that $u \leqslant v r_{\alpha} < v$ with $r_{\alpha}$ the reflection corresponding to $\alpha$. The condition is conjecturally always satisfied if $G$ is simply-laced and the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial $P_{w_0 v, w_0 u} = 1$ with $w_0$ the long Weyl group element. There is a similar formula for $\tilde{m}$ conjecturally satisfied if $P_{u, v} = 1$. This leads to various combinatorial conjectures.

Fix an elliptic curve $E/\mathbb{Q}$ and assume the Riemann Hypothesis for the $L$-function $L(E_D, s)$ for every quadratic twist $E_D$ of $E$ by $D\in\mathbb{Z}$. We combine Weil's explicit formula with techniques of Heath-Brown to derive an asymptotic upper bound for the weighted moments of the analytic rank of $E_D$. We derive from this an upper bound for the density of low-lying zeros of $L(E_D, s)$ that is compatible with the random matrix models of Katz and Sarnak. We also show that for any unbounded increasing function $f$ on $\mathbb{R}$, the analytic rank and (assuming in addition the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture) the number of integral points of $E_D$ are less than $f(D)$ for almost all $D$.

We study negative powers of Laguerre differential operators in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\ge1$. For these operators we prove two-weight $L^p-L^q$ estimates with ranges of $q$ depending on $p$. The case of the harmonic oscillator (Hermite operator) has recently been treated by Bongioanni and Torrea by using a straightforward approach of kernel estimates. Here these results are applied in certain Laguerre settings. The procedure is fairly direct for Laguerre function expansions of Hermite type, due to some monotonicity properties of the kernels involved. The case of Laguerre function expansions of convolution type is less straightforward. For half-integer type indices $\alpha$ we transfer the desired results from the Hermite setting and then apply an interpolation argument based on a device we call the convexity principle to cover the continuous range of $\alpha\in[-1/2,\infty)^d$. Finally, we investigate negative powers of the Dunkl harmonic oscillator in the context of a finite reflection group acting on $\mathbb{R}^d$ and isomorphic to $\mathbb Z^d_2$. The two weight $L^p-L^q$ estimates we obtain in this setting are essentially consequences of those for Laguerre function expansions of convolution type.

We give an explicit treatment of cubic function fields of characteristic at least five. This includes an efficient technique for converting such a field into standard form, formulae for the field discriminant and the genus, simple necessary and sufficient criteria for non-singularity of the defining curve, and a characterization of all triangular integral bases. Our main result is a description of the signature of any rational place in a cubic extension that involves only the defining curve and the order of the base field. All these quantities only require simple polynomial arithmetic as well as a few square-free polynomial factorizations and, in some cases, square and cube root extraction modulo an irreducible polynomial. We also illustrate why and how signature computation plays an important role in computing the class number of the function field. This in turn has applications to the study of zeros of zeta functions of function fields.

In this paper we establish \emph{a priori} $h^1$-estimates in a bounded domain for parabolic equations with vanishing $\operatorname{LMO}$ coefficients.

Here we define and prove some properties of the semi-classical wavefront set. We also define and study semi-classical Fourier integral operators and prove a generalization of Egorov's theorem to manifolds of different dimensions.

Let $K$ be a totally real number field of degree $n$. We show that the number of totally positive integers (or more generally the number of totally positive elements of a given fractional ideal) of given trace is evenly distributed around its expected value, which is obtained from geometric considerations. This result depends on unfolding an integral over a compact torus.

Soit $F$ un corps local non archim\'edien, et $G$ le groupe des $F$-points d'un groupe r\'eductif connexe quasi-d\'eploy\'e d\'efini sur $F$. Dans cet article, on s'int\'eresse aux distributions sur $G$ invariantes par conjugaison, et \`a l'espace de leurs restrictions \`a l'alg\`ebre de Hecke $\mathcal{H}$ des fonctions sur $G$ \`a support compact biinvariantes par un sous-groupe d'Iwahori $I$ donn\'e. On montre tout d'abord que les valeurs d'une telle distribution sur $\mathcal{H}$ sont enti\`erement d\'etermin\'ees par sa restriction au sous-espace de dimension finie des \'el\'ements de $\mathcal{H}$ \`a support dans la r\'eunion des sous-groupes parahoriques de $G$ contenant $I$. On utilise ensuite cette propri\'et\'e pour montrer, moyennant certaines conditions sur $G$, que cet espace est engendr\'e d'une part par certaines int\'egrales orbitales semi-simples, d'autre part par les int\'egrales orbitales unipotentes, en montrant tout d'abord des r\'esultats analogues sur les groupes finis.

In 1999 V. Arnol'd introduced the local contact algebra: studying the problem of classification of singular curves in a contact space, he showed the existence of the ghost of the contact structure (invariants which are not related to the induced structure on the curve). Our main result implies that the only reason for existence of the local contact algebra and the ghost is the difference between the geometric and (defined in this paper) algebraic restriction of a $1$-form to a singular submanifold. We prove that a germ of any subset $N$ of a contact manifold is well defined, up to contactomorphisms, by the algebraic restriction to $N$ of the contact structure. This is a generalization of the Darboux-Givental' theorem for smooth submanifolds of a contact manifold. Studying the difference between the geometric and the algebraic restrictions gives a powerful tool for classification of stratified submanifolds of a contact manifold. This is illustrated by complete solution of three classification problems, including a simple explanation of V.~Arnold's results and further classification results for singular curves in a contact space. We also prove several results on the external geometry of a singular submanifold $N$ in terms of the algebraic restriction of the contact structure to $N$. In particular, the algebraic restriction is zero if and only if $N$ is contained in a smooth Legendrian submanifold of $M$.

We develop a method for deriving integral representations of certain orthogonal polynomials as moments. These moment representations are applied to find linear and multilinear generating functions for $q$-orthogonal polynomials. As a byproduct we establish new transformation formulas for combinations of basic hypergeometric functions, including a new representation of the $q$-exponential function $\mathcal{E}_q$.

$H^p$ estimate for the multilinear operators which are finite sums of pointwise products of singular integrals and fractional integrals is given. An application to Sobolev space and some examples are also given.

For an arbitrary finite Galois $p$-extension $L/K$ of $\zp$-cyclotomic number fields of $\CM$-type with Galois group $G = \Gal(L/K)$ such that the Iwasawa invariants $\mu_K^-$, $ \mu_L^-$ are zero, we obtain unconditionally and explicitly the Galois module structure of $\clases$, the minus part of the $p$-subgroup of the class group of $L$. For an arbitrary finite Galois $p$-extension $L/K$ of algebraic function fields of one variable over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p$ as its exact field of constants with Galois group $G = \Gal(L/K)$ we obtain unconditionally and explicitly the Galois module structure of the $p$-torsion part of the Jacobian variety $J_L(p)$ associated to $L/k$.

In this paper we give a characterization of the pairs of weights $(\w,v)$ such that $T$ maps $L^p(v)$ into $L^q(\w)$, where $T$ is a general one-sided operator that includes as a particular case the Weyl fractional integral. As an application we solve the following problem: given a weight $v$, when is there a nontrivial weight $\w$ such that $T$ maps $L^p(v)$ into $L^q(\w )$?

Let $L/K$ be a finite Galois extension of local fields which are finite extensions of $\bQ_p$, the field of $p$-adic numbers. Let $\Gal (L/K)=G$, and $\euO_L$ and $\bZ_p$ be the rings of integers in $L$ and $\bQ_p$, respectively. And let $\euP_L$ denote the maximal ideal of $\euO_L$. We determine, explicitly in terms of specific indecomposable $\bZ_p[G]$-modules, the $\bZ_p[G]$-module structure of $\euO_L$ and $\euP_L$, for $L$, a composite of two arithmetically disjoint, ramified cyclic extensions of $K$, one of which is only weakly ramified in the sense of Erez \cite{erez}.

We introduce a double sum extension of a very well-poised series and extend to this the transformations of Bailey and Sears as well as the ${}_6\f_5$ summation formula of F.~H.~Jackson and the $q$-Dixon sum. We also give $q$-integral representations of the double sum. Generalizations of the Nassrallah-Rahman integral are also found.