The paper studies the $K$-theoretic invariants of the crossed product $C^{*}$-algebras associated with an important family of homeomorphisms of the tori $\mathbb{T}^{n}$ called Furstenberg transformations. Using the Pimsner-Voiculescu theorem, we prove that given $n$, the $K$-groups of those crossed products, whose corresponding $n\times n$ integer matrices are unipotent of maximal degree, always have the same rank $a_{n}$. We show using the theory developed here that a claim made in the literature about the torsion subgroups of these $K$-groups is false. Using the representation theory of the simple Lie algebra $\frak{sl}(2,\mathbb{C})$, we show that, remarkably, $a_{n}$ has a combinatorial significance. For example, every $a_{2n+1}$ is just the number of ways that $0$ can be represented as a sum of integers between $-n$ and $n$ (with no repetitions). By adapting an argument of van Lint (in which he answered a question of Erd\H{o}s), a simple, explicit formula for the asymptotic behavior of the sequence $\{a_{n}\}$ is given. Finally, we describe the order structure of the $K_{0}$-groups of an important class of Furstenberg crossed products, obtaining their complete Elliott invariant using classification results of H. Lin and N. C. Phillips.

In this paper, we introduce weighted Carleson measure spaces associated with different homogeneities and prove that these spaces are the dual spaces of weighted Hardy spaces studied in a forthcoming paper. As an application, we establish the boundedness of composition of two Calderón-Zygmund operators with different homogeneities on the weighted Carleson measure spaces; this, in particular, provides the weighted endpoint estimates for the operators studied by Phong-Stein.

Let $G$ be a locally compact group. Let $A_{M}(G)$ ($A_{0}(G)$)denote the closure of $A(G)$, the Fourier algebra of $G$ in the space of bounded (completely bounded) multipliers of $A(G)$. We call a locally compact group M-weakly amenable if $A_M(G)$ has a bounded approximate identity. We will show that when $G$ is M-weakly amenable, the algebras $A_{M}(G)$ and $A_{0}(G)$ have properties that are characteristic of the Fourier algebra of an amenable group. Along the way we show that the sets of tolopolically invariant means associated with these algebras have the same cardinality as those of the Fourier algebra.

Let $\mathbb{F}_q[t]$ denote the polynomial ring over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. We employ Wooley's new efficient congruencing method to prove certain multidimensional Vinogradov-type estimates in $\mathbb{F}_q[t]$. These results allow us to apply a variant of the circle method to obtain asymptotic formulas for a system connected to the problem about linear spaces lying on hypersurfaces defined over $\mathbb{F}_q[t]$.

We prove that the 2-variable BMW algebra embeds into an algebra constructed from the HOMFLY-PT polynomial. We also prove that the $\mathfrak{so}_{2N}$-BMW algebra embeds in the $q$-Schur algebra of type $A$. We use these results to suggest a schema providing categorifications of the $\mathfrak{so}_{2N}$-BMW algebra.

Let $\mathfrak{A}$ be a $C^{*}$-algebra with real rank zero which has the stable weak cancellation property. Let $\mathfrak{I}$ be an ideal of $\mathfrak{A}$ such that $\mathfrak{I}$ is stable and satisfies the corona factorization property. We prove that $ 0 \to \mathfrak{I} \to \mathfrak{A} \to \mathfrak{A} / \mathfrak{I} \to 0 $ is a full extension if and only if the extension is stenotic and $K$-lexicographic. {As an immediate application, we extend the classification result for graph $C^*$-algebras obtained by Tomforde and the first named author to the general non-unital case. In combination with recent results by Katsura, Tomforde, West and the first author, our result may also be used to give a purely $K$-theoretical description of when an essential extension of two simple and stable graph $C^*$-algebras is again a graph $C^*$-algebra.}

A new characterization of the uniform convexity of Banach space is obtained in the sense of Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás theorem. It is also proved that the couple of Banach spaces $(X,Y)$ has the bishop-phelps-bollobás property for every banach space $y$ when $X$ is uniformly convex. As a corollary, we show that the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás theorem holds for bilinear forms on $\ell_p\times \ell_q$ ($1\lt p, q\lt \infty$).

We introduce a new basis of the algebra of non-commutative symmetric functions whose images under the forgetful map are Schur functions when indexed by a partition. Dually, we build a basis of the quasi-symmetric functions which expand positively in the fundamental quasi-symmetric functions. We then use the basis to construct a non-commutative lift of the Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions with similar properties to their commutative counterparts.

We answer the natural question: when is a transversely holomorphic symplectic foliation induced by a generalized complex structure? The leafwise symplectic form and transverse complex structure determine an obstruction class in a certain cohomology, which vanishes if and only if our question has an affirmative answer. We first study a component of this obstruction, which gives the condition that the leafwise cohomology class of the symplectic form must be transversely pluriharmonic. As a consequence, under certain topological hypotheses, we infer that we actually have a symplectic fibre bundle over a complex base. We then show how to compute the full obstruction via a spectral sequence. We give various concrete necessary and sufficient conditions for the vanishing of the obstruction. Throughout, we give examples to test the sharpness of these conditions, including a symplectic fibre bundle over a complex base which does not come from a generalized complex structure, and a regular generalized complex structure which is very unlike a symplectic fibre bundle, i.e., for which nearby leaves are not symplectomorphic.

We consider finite groups acting on quantum (or skew) polynomial rings. Deformations of the semidirect product of the quantum polynomial ring with the acting group extend symplectic reflection algebras and graded Hecke algebras to the quantum setting over a field of arbitrary characteristic. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for such algebras to satisfy a Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt property using the theory of noncommutative Gröbner bases. We include applications to the case of abelian groups and the case of groups acting on coordinate rings of quantum planes. In addition, we classify graded automorphisms of the coordinate ring of quantum 3-space. In characteristic zero, Hochschild cohomology gives an elegant description of the PBW conditions.

Soit $G$ le groupe $\mathrm{GL}(N,F)$, où $F$ est un corps localement compact et non archimédien. En utilisant la théorie des types simples de Bushnell et Kutzko, ainsi qu'une idée originale d'Henniart, nous construisons des pseudo-coefficients explicites pour les représentations de la série discrète de $G$. Comme application, nous en déduisons des formules inédites pour la valeur du charactère d'Harish-Chandra de certaines telles représentations en certains éléments elliptiques réguliers.

This paper concerns the problem of existence of taut foliations among $3$-manifolds. Since the contribution of David Gabai, we know that closed $3$-manifolds with non-trivial second homology group admit a taut foliation. The essential part of this paper focuses on Seifert fibered homology $3$-spheres. The result is quite different if they are integral or rational but non-integral homology $3$-spheres. Concerning integral homology $3$-spheres, we can see that all but the $3$-sphere and the Poincaré $3$-sphere admit a taut foliation. Concerning non-integral homology $3$-spheres, we prove there are infinitely many which admit a taut foliation, and infinitely many without taut foliation. Moreover, we show that the geometries do not determine the existence of taut foliations on non-integral Seifert fibered homology $3$-spheres.

This paper concerns the problem of existence of taut foliations among $3$-manifolds. Since the contribution of David Gabai, we know that closed $3$-manifolds with non-trivial second homology group admit a taut foliation. The essential part of this paper focuses on Seifert fibered homology $3$-spheres. The result is quite different if they are integral or rational but non-integral homology $3$-spheres. Concerning integral homology $3$-spheres, we can see that all but the $3$-sphere and the Poincaré $3$-sphere admit a taut foliation. Concerning non-integral homology $3$-spheres, we prove there are infinitely many which admit a taut foliation, and infinitely many without taut foliation. Moreover, we show that the geometries do not determine the existence of taut foliations on non-integral Seifert fibered homology $3$-spheres.

Combinatorial structures that compose and decompose give rise to Hopf monoids in Joyal's category of species. The Hadamard product of two Hopf monoids is another Hopf monoid. We prove two main results regarding freeness of Hadamard products. The first one states that if one factor is connected and the other is free as a monoid, their Hadamard product is free (and connected). The second provides an explicit basis for the Hadamard product when both factors are free. The first main result is obtained by showing the existence of a one-parameter deformation of the comonoid structure and appealing to a rigidity result of Loday and Ronco that applies when the parameter is set to zero. To obtain the second result, we introduce an operation on species that is intertwined by the free monoid functor with the Hadamard product. As an application of the first result, we deduce that the Boolean transform of the dimension sequence of a connected Hopf monoid is nonnegative.

We study separable metric spaces with few types of countable dense sets. We present a structure theorem for locally compact spaces having precisely $n$ types of countable dense sets: such a space contains a subset $S$ of size at most $n{-}1$ such that $S$ is invariant under all homeomorphisms of $X$ and $X\setminus S$ is countable dense homogeneous. We prove that every Borel space having fewer than $\mathfrak{c}$ types of countable dense sets is Polish. The natural question of whether every Polish space has either countably many or $\mathfrak{c}$ many types of countable dense sets, is shown to be closely related to Topological Vaught's Conjecture.

Let $F$ be a $p$-adic field of characteristic $0$, and let $M$ be an $F$-Levi subgroup of a connected reductive $F$-split group such that $\Pi_{i=1}^{r} SL_{n_i} \subseteq M \subseteq \Pi_{i=1}^{r} GL_{n_i}$ for positive integers $r$ and $n_i$. We prove that the Plancherel measure for any unitary supercuspidal representation of $M(F)$ is identically transferred under the local Jacquet-Langlands type correspondence between $M$ and its $F$-inner forms, assuming a working hypothesis that Plancherel measures are invariant on a certain set. This work extends the result of Muić and Savin (2000) for Siegel Levi subgroups of the groups $SO_{4n}$ and $Sp_{4n}$ under the local Jacquet-Langlands correspondence. It can be applied to a simply connected simple $F$-group of type $E_6$ or $E_7$, and a connected reductive $F$-group of type $A_{n}$, $B_{n}$, $C_n$ or $D_n$.

We give a complete classification of umbilical submanifolds of arbitrary dimension and codimension of $\mathbb{S}^n\times \mathbb{R}$, extending the classification of umbilical surfaces in $\mathbb{S}^2\times \mathbb{R}$ by Souam and Toubiana as well as the local description of umbilical hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{S}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ by Van der Veken and Vrancken. We prove that, besides small spheres in a slice, up to isometries of the ambient space they come in a two-parameter family of rotational submanifolds whose substantial codimension is either one or two and whose profile is a curve in a totally geodesic $\mathbb{S}^1\times \mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{S}^2\times \mathbb{R}$, respectively, the former case arising in a one-parameter family. All of them are diffeomorphic to a sphere, except for a single element that is diffeomorphic to Euclidean space. We obtain explicit parametrizations of all such submanifolds. We also study more general classes of submanifolds of $\mathbb{S}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{H}^n\times \mathbb{R}$. In particular, we give a complete description of all submanifolds in those product spaces for which the tangent component of a unit vector field spanning the factor $\mathbb{R}$ is an eigenvector of all shape operators. We show that surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector in $\mathbb{S}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{H}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ having this property are rotational surfaces, and use this fact to improve some recent results by Alencar, do Carmo, and Tribuzy. We also obtain a Dajczer-type reduction of codimension theorem for submanifolds of $\mathbb{S}^n\times \mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{H}^n\times \mathbb{R}$.

We study the image of the model subspace $K_\theta$ under the composition operator $C_\varphi$, where $\varphi$ and $\theta$ are inner functions, and find the smallest model subspace which contains the linear manifold $C_\varphi K_\theta$. Then we characterize the case when $C_\varphi$ maps $K_\theta$ into itself. This case leads to the study of the inner functions $\varphi$ and $\psi$ such that the composition $\psi\circ\varphi$ is a divisor of $\psi$ in the family of inner functions.

We answer the natural question: when is a transversely holomorphic symplectic foliation induced by a generalized complex structure? The leafwise symplectic form and transverse complex structure determine an obstruction class in a certain cohomology, which vanishes if and only if our question has an affirmative answer. We first study a component of this obstruction, which gives the condition that the leafwise cohomology class of the symplectic form must be transversely pluriharmonic. As a consequence, under certain topological hypotheses, we infer that we actually have a symplectic fibre bundle over a complex base. We then show how to compute the full obstruction via a spectral sequence. We give various concrete necessary and sufficient conditions for the vanishing of the obstruction. Throughout, we give examples to test the sharpness of these conditions, including a symplectic fibre bundle over a complex base which does not come from a generalized complex structure, and a regular generalized complex structure which is very unlike a symplectic fibre bundle, i.e., for which nearby leaves are not symplectomorphic.

We study approximately differentiable functions on metric measure spaces admitting a Cheeger differentiable structure. The main result is a Whitney-type characterization of approximately differentiable functions in this setting. As an application, we prove a Stepanov-type theorem and consider approximate differentiability of Sobolev, $BV$ and maximal functions.

"Co-Frobenius" coalgebras were introduced as dualizations of Frobenius algebras. We previously showed that they admit left-right symmetric characterizations analogue to those of Frobenius algebras. We consider the more general quasi-co-Frobenius (QcF) coalgebras; the first main result in this paper is that these also admit symmetric characterizations: a coalgebra is QcF if it is weakly isomorphic to its (left, or right) rational dual $Rat(C^*)$, in the sense that certain coproduct or product powers of these objects are isomorphic. Fundamental results of Hopf algebras, such as the equivalent characterizations of Hopf algebras with nonzero integrals as left (or right) co-Frobenius, QcF, semiperfect or with nonzero rational dual, as well as the uniqueness of integrals and a short proof of the bijectivity of the antipode for such Hopf algebras all follow as a consequence of these results. This gives a purely representation theoretic approach to many of the basic fundamental results in the theory of Hopf algebras. Furthermore, we introduce a general concept of Frobenius algebra, which makes sense for infinite dimensional and for topological algebras, and specializes to the classical notion in the finite case. This will be a topological algebra $A$ that is isomorphic to its complete topological dual $A^\vee$. We show that $A$ is a (quasi)Frobenius algebra if and only if $A$ is the dual $C^*$ of a (quasi)co-Frobenius coalgebra $C$. We give many examples of co-Frobenius coalgebras and Hopf algebras connected to category theory, homological algebra and the newer q-homological algebra, topology or graph theory, showing the importance of the concept.

We prove that, in a setting of local Dirichlet forms on metric measure spaces, a two-sided sub-Gaussian estimate of the heat kernel is equivalent to the conjunction of the volume doubling propety, the elliptic Harnack inequality and a certain estimate of the capacity between concentric balls. The main technical tool is the equivalence between the capacity estimate and the estimate of a mean exit time in a ball, that uses two-sided estimates of a Green function in a ball.

A subset $X$ of a Polish group $G$ is called Haar null if there exists a Borel set $B \supset X$ and Borel probability measure $\mu$ on $G$ such that $\mu(gBh)=0$ for every $g,h \in G$. We prove that there exist a set $X \subset \mathbb R$ that is not Lebesgue null and a Borel probability measure $\mu$ such that $\mu(X + t) = 0$ for every $t \in \mathbb R$. This answers a question from David Fremlin's problem list by showing that one cannot simplify the definition of a Haar null set by leaving out the Borel set $B$. (The answer was already known assuming the Continuum Hypothesis.) This result motivates the following Baire category analogue. It is consistent with $ZFC$ that there exist an abelian Polish group $G$ and a Cantor set $C \subset G$ such that for every non-meagre set $X \subset G$ there exists a $t \in G$ such that $C \cap (X + t)$ is relatively non-meagre in $C$. This essentially generalises results of Bartoszyński and Burke-Miller.

We prove that the set of all support points of a nonempty closed convex bounded set $C$ in a real infinite-dimensional Banach space $X$ is $\mathrm{AR(}\sigma$-$\mathrm{compact)}$ and contractible. Under suitable conditions, similar results are proved also for the set of all support functionals of $C$ and for the domain, the graph and the range of the subdifferential map of a proper convex l.s.c. function on $X$.

We establish the formula for the variation of integrals of differential forms on cubic chains, in the context of diffeological spaces. Then, we establish the diffeological version of Stoke's theorem, and we apply that to get the diffeological variant of the Cartan-Lie formula. Still in the context of Cartan-De-Rham calculus in diffeology, we construct a Chain-Homotopy Operator $\mathbf K$ we apply it here to get the homotopic invariance of De Rham cohomology for diffeological spaces. This is the Chain-Homotopy Operator which used in symplectic diffeology to construct the Moment Map.