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1. CJM Online first

Shiozawa, Yuichi
 Lower Escape Rate of Symmetric Jump-diffusion Processes We establish an integral test on the lower escape rate of symmetric jump-diffusion processes generated by regular Dirichlet forms. Using this test, we can find the speed of particles escaping to infinity. We apply this test to symmetric jump processes of variable order. We also derive the upper and lower escape rates of time changed processes by using those of underlying processes. Keywords:lower escape rate, Dirichlet form, Markov process, time changeCategories:60G17, 31C25, 60J25

2. CJM Online first

Charlesworth, Ian; Nelson, Brent; Skoufranis, Paul
 On two-faced families of non-commutative random variables We demonstrate that the notions of bi-free independence and combinatorial-bi-free independence of two-faced families are equivalent using a diagrammatic view of bi-non-crossing partitions. These diagrams produce an operator model on a Fock space suitable for representing any two-faced family of non-commutative random variables. Furthermore, using a Kreweras complement on bi-non-crossing partitions we establish the expected formulas for the multiplicative convolution of a bi-free pair of two-faced families. Keywords:free probability, operator algebras, bi-freeCategory:46L54

3. CJM Online first

Calixto, Lucas; Moura, Adriano; Savage, Alistair
 Equivariant map queer Lie superalgebras An equivariant map queer Lie superalgebra is the Lie superalgebra of regular maps from an algebraic variety (or scheme) $X$ to a queer Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{q}$ that are equivariant with respect to the action of a finite group $\Gamma$ acting on $X$ and $\mathfrak{q}$. In this paper, we classify all irreducible finite-dimensional representations of the equivariant map queer Lie superalgebras under the assumption that $\Gamma$ is abelian and acts freely on $X$. We show that such representations are parameterized by a certain set of $\Gamma$-equivariant finitely supported maps from $X$ to the set of isomorphism classes of irreducible finite-dimensional representations of $\mathfrak{q}$. In the special case where $X$ is the torus, we obtain a classification of the irreducible finite-dimensional representations of the twisted loop queer superalgebra. Keywords:Lie superalgebra, queer Lie superalgebra, loop superalgebra, equivariant map superalgebra, finite-dimensional representation, finite-dimensional moduleCategories:17B65, 17B10

4. CJM Online first

 The Weak b-principle: Mumford Conjecture In this note we introduce and study a new class of maps called oriented colored broken submersions. This is the simplest class of maps that satisfies a version of the b-principle and in dimension $2$ approximates the class of oriented submersions well in the sense that every oriented colored broken submersion of dimension $2$ to a closed simply connected manifold is bordant to a submersion. We show that the Madsen-Weiss theorem (the standard Mumford Conjecture) fits a general setting of the b-principle. Namely, a version of the b-principle for oriented colored broken submersions together with the Harer stability theorem and Miller-Morita theorem implies the Madsen-Weiss theorem. Keywords:generalized cohomology theories, fold singularities, h-principle, infinite loop spacesCategories:55N20, 53C23

5. CJM Online first

Garibaldi, Skip; Nakano, Daniel K.
 Bilinear and quadratic forms on rational modules of split reductive groups The representation theory of semisimple algebraic groups over the complex numbers (equivalently, semisimple complex Lie algebras or Lie groups, or real compact Lie groups) and the question of whether a given complex representation is symplectic or orthogonal has been solved since at least the 1950s. Similar results for Weyl modules of split reductive groups over fields of characteristic different from 2 hold by using similar proofs. This paper considers analogues of these results for simple, induced and tilting modules of split reductive groups over fields of prime characteristic as well as a complete answer for Weyl modules over fields of characteristic 2. Keywords:orthogonal representations, symmetric tensors, alternating forms, characteristic 2, split reductive groupsCategories:20G05, 11E39, 11E88, 15A63, 20G15

6. CJM Online first

Emamizadeh, Behrouz; Farjudian, Amin; Zivari-Rezapour, Mohsen
 Optimization related to some nonlocal problems of Kirchhoff type In this paper we introduce two rearrangement optimization problems, one being a maximization and the other a minimization problem, related to a nonlocal boundary value problem of Kirchhoff type. Using the theory of rearrangements as developed by G. R. Burton we are able to show that both problems are solvable, and derive the corresponding optimality conditions. These conditions in turn provide information concerning the locations of the optimal solutions. The strict convexity of the energy functional plays a crucial role in both problems. The popular case in which the rearrangement class (i.e., the admissible set) is generated by a characteristic function is also considered. We show that in this case, the maximization problem gives rise to a free boundary problem of obstacle type, which turns out to be unstable. On the other hand, the minimization problem leads to another free boundary problem of obstacle type, which is stable. Some numerical results are included to confirm the theory. Keywords:Kirchhoff equation, rearrangements of functions, maximization, existence, optimality conditionCategories:35J20, 35J25

7. CJM Online first

Biswas, Indranil; Gómez, Tomás L.; Logares, Marina
 Integrable systems and Torelli theorems for the moduli spaces of parabolic bundles and parabolic Higgs bundles We prove a Torelli theorem for the moduli space of semistable parabolic Higgs bundles over a smooth complex projective algebraic curve under the assumption that the parabolic weight system is generic. When the genus is at least two, using this result we also prove a Torelli theorem for the moduli space of semistable parabolic bundles of rank at least two with generic parabolic weights. The key input in the proofs is a method of J.C. Hurtubise. Keywords:parabolic bundle, Higgs field, Torelli theoremCategories:14D22, 14D20

8. CJM Online first

 Quantum families of invertible maps and related problems The notion of families of quantum invertible maps (C$^*$-algebra homomorphisms satisfying PodleÅ' condition) is employed to strengthen and reinterpret several results concerning universal quantum groups acting on finite quantum spaces. In particular Wang's quantum automorphism groups are shown to be universal with respect to quantum families of invertible maps. Further the construction of the Hopf image of Banica and Bichon is phrased in the purely analytic language and employed to define the quantum subgroup generated by a family of quantum subgroups or more generally a family of quantum invertible maps. Keywords:quantum families of invertible maps, Hopf image, universal quantum groupCategories:46L89, 46L65

9. CJM Online first

Cojocaru, Alina Carmen; Shulman, Andrew Michael
 The Distribution of the First Elementary Divisor of the Reductions of a Generic Drinfeld Module of Arbitrary Rank Let $\psi$ be a generic Drinfeld module of rank $r \geq 2$. We study the first elementary divisor $d_{1, \wp}(\psi)$ of the reduction of $\psi$ modulo a prime $\wp$, as $\wp$ varies. In particular, we prove the existence of the density of the primes $\wp$ for which $d_{1, \wp} (\psi)$ is fixed. For $r = 2$, we also study the second elementary divisor (the exponent) of the reduction of $\psi$ modulo $\wp$ and prove that, on average, it has a large norm. Our work is motivated by the study of J.-P. Serre of an elliptic curve analogue of Artin's Primitive Root Conjecture, and, moreover, by refinements to Serre's study developed by the first author and M.R. Murty. Keywords:Drinfeld modules, density theoremsCategories:11R45, 11G09, 11R58

10. CJM 2015 (vol 67 pp. 1091)

Mine, Kotaro; Yamashita, Atsushi
 Metric Compactifications and Coarse Structures Let $\mathbf{TB}$ be the category of totally bounded, locally compact metric spaces with the $C_0$ coarse structures. We show that if $X$ and $Y$ are in $\mathbf{TB}$ then $X$ and $Y$ are coarsely equivalent if and only if their Higson coronas are homeomorphic. In fact, the Higson corona functor gives an equivalence of categories $\mathbf{TB}\to\mathbf{K}$, where $\mathbf{K}$ is the category of compact metrizable spaces. We use this fact to show that the continuously controlled coarse structure on a locally compact space $X$ induced by some metrizable compactification $\tilde{X}$ is determined only by the topology of the remainder $\tilde{X}\setminus X$. Keywords:coarse geometry, Higson corona, continuously controlled coarse structure, uniform continuity, boundary at infinityCategories:18B30, 51F99, 53C23, 54C20

11. CJM Online first

Stavrova, Anastasia
 Non-stable $K_1$-functors of multiloop groups Let $k$ be a field of characteristic 0. Let $G$ be a reductive group over the ring of Laurent polynomials $R=k[x_1^{\pm 1},...,x_n^{\pm 1}]$. Assume that $G$ contains a maximal $R$-torus, and that every semisimple normal subgroup of $G$ contains a two-dimensional split torus $\mathbf{G}_m^2$. We show that the natural map of non-stable $K_1$-functors, also called Whitehead groups, $K_1^G(R)\to K_1^G\bigl( k((x_1))...((x_n)) \bigr)$ is injective, and an isomorphism if $G$ is semisimple. As an application, we provide a way to compute the difference between the full automorphism group of a Lie torus (in the sense of Yoshii-Neher) and the subgroup generated by exponential automorphisms. Keywords:loop reductive group, non-stable $K_1$-functor, Whitehead group, Laurent polynomials, Lie torusCategories:20G35, 19B99, 17B67

12. CJM Online first

Kopotun, Kirill; Leviatan, Dany; Shevchuk, Igor
 Constrained approximation with Jacobi weights In this paper, we prove that, for $\ell=1$ or $2$, the rate of best $\ell$-monotone polynomial approximation in the $L_p$ norm ($1\leq p \leq \infty$) weighted by the Jacobi weight $w_{\alpha,\beta}(x) :=(1+x)^\alpha(1-x)^\beta$ with $\alpha,\beta\gt -1/p$ if $p\lt \infty$, or $\alpha,\beta\geq 0$ if $p=\infty$, is bounded by an appropriate $(\ell+1)$st modulus of smoothness with the same weight, and that this rate cannot be bounded by the $(\ell+2)$nd modulus. Related results on constrained weighted spline approximation and applications of our estimates are also given. Keywords:constrained approximation, Jacobi weights, weighted moduli of smoothness, exact estimates, exact ordersCategories:41A29, 41A10, 41A15, 41A17, 41A25

13. CJM 2015 (vol 67 pp. 1046)

Dubickas, Arturas; Sha, Min; Shparlinski, Igor
 Explicit Form of Cassels' $p$-adic Embedding Theorem for Number Fields In this paper, we mainly give a general explicit form of Cassels' $p$-adic embedding theorem for number fields. We also give its refined form in the case of cyclotomic fields. As a byproduct, given an irreducible polynomial $f$ over $\mathbb{Z}$, we give a general unconditional upper bound for the smallest prime number $p$ such that $f$ has a simple root modulo $p$. Keywords:number field, $p$-adic embedding, height, polynomial, cyclotomic fieldCategories:11R04, 11S85, 11G50, 11R09, 11R18

14. CJM 2015 (vol 67 pp. 990)

Amini, Massoud; Elliott, George A.; Golestani, Nasser
 The Category of Bratteli Diagrams A category structure for Bratteli diagrams is proposed and a functor from the category of AF algebras to the category of Bratteli diagrams is constructed. Since isomorphism of Bratteli diagrams in this category coincides with Bratteli's notion of equivalence, we obtain in particular a functorial formulation of Bratteli's classification of AF algebras (and at the same time, of Glimm's classification of UHF~algebras). It is shown that the three approaches to classification of AF~algebras, namely, through Bratteli diagrams, K-theory, and abstract classifying categories, are essentially the same from a categorical point of view. Keywords:C$^{*}$-algebra, category, functor, AF algebra, dimension group, Bratteli diagramCategories:46L05, 46L35, 46M15

15. CJM Online first

Ishida, Hirotaka
 The lower bound on the Euler-PoincarÃ© characteristic of certain surfaces of general type with a linear pencil of hyperelliptic curves Let $S$ be a surface of general type. In this article, when there exists a relatively minimal hyperelliptic fibration $f \colon S \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1$ whose slope is less than or equal to four, we show the lower bound on the Euler-PoincarÃ© characteristic of $S$. Furthermore, we prove that our bound is the best possible by giving required hyperelliptic fibrations. Keywords:hyperelliptic fibration, surface of general type, double coverCategories:14D05, 14J29, 14H30

16. CJM Online first

Fité, Francesc; González, Josep; Lario, Joan Carles
 Frobenius distribution for quotients of Fermat curves of prime exponent Let $\mathcal{C}$ denote the Fermat curve over $\mathbb{Q}$ of prime exponent $\ell$. The Jacobian $\operatorname{Jac}(\mathcal{C})$ of~$\mathcal{C}$ splits over $\mathbb{Q}$ as the product of Jacobians $\operatorname{Jac}(\mathcal{C}_k)$, $1\leq k\leq \ell-2$, where $\mathcal{C}_k$ are curves obtained as quotients of $\mathcal{C}$ by certain subgroups of automorphisms of $\mathcal{C}$. It is well known that $\operatorname{Jac}(\mathcal{C}_k)$ is the power of an absolutely simple abelian variety $B_k$ with complex multiplication. We call degenerate those pairs $(\ell,k)$ for which $B_k$ has degenerate CM type. For a non-degenerate pair $(\ell,k)$, we compute the Sato-Tate group of $\operatorname{Jac}(\mathcal{C}_k)$, prove the generalized Sato-Tate Conjecture for it, and give an explicit method to compute the moments and measures of the involved distributions. Regardless of $(\ell,k)$ being degenerate or not, we also obtain Frobenius equidistribution results for primes of certain residue degrees in the $\ell$-th cyclotomic field. Key to our results is a detailed study of the rank of certain generalized Demjanenko matrices. Keywords:Sato-Tate group, Fermat curve, Frobenius distributionCategories:11D41, 11M50, 11G10, 14G10

17. CJM Online first

Gras, Georges
 Les $\theta$-rÃ©gulateurs locaux d'un nombre algÃ©brique -- Conjectures $p$-adiques Let $K/\mathbb{Q}$ be Galois and let $\eta\in K^\times$ be such that $\operatorname{Reg}_\infty (\eta) \ne 0$. We define the local $\theta$-regulators $\Delta_p^\theta(\eta) \in \mathbb{F}_p$ for the $\mathbb{Q}_p\,$-irreducible characters $\theta$ of $G=\operatorname{Gal}(K/\mathbb{Q})$. A linear representation ${\mathcal L}^\theta\simeq \delta \, V_\theta$ is associated with $\Delta_p^\theta (\eta)$ whose nullity is equivalent to $\delta \geq 1$. Each $\Delta_p^\theta (\eta)$ yields $\operatorname{Reg}_p^\theta (\eta)$ modulo $p$ in the factorization $\prod_{\theta}(\operatorname{Reg}_p^\theta (\eta))^{\varphi(1)}$ of $\operatorname{Reg}_p^G (\eta) := \frac{ \operatorname{Reg}_p(\eta)}{p^{[K : \mathbb{Q}\,]} }$ (normalized $p$-adic regulator). From $\operatorname{Prob}\big (\Delta_p^\theta(\eta) = 0 \ \& \ {\mathcal L}^\theta \simeq \delta \, V_\theta\big ) \leq p^{- f \delta^2}$ ($f \geq 1$ is a residue degree) and the Borel-Cantelli heuristic, we conjecture that, for $p$ large enough, $\operatorname{Reg}_p^G (\eta)$ is a $p$-adic unit or that $p^{\varphi(1)} \parallel \operatorname{Reg}_p^G (\eta)$ (a single $\theta$ with $f=\delta=1$); this obstruction may be lifted assuming the existence of a binomial probability law confirmed through numerical studies (groups $C_3$, $C_5$, $D_6$). This conjecture would imply that, for all $p$ large enough, Fermat quotients, normalized $p$-adic regulators are $p$-adic units and that number fields are $p$-rational. We recall some deep cohomological results that may strengthen such conjectures. Keywords:$p$-adic regulators, Leopoldt-Jaulent conjecture, Frobenius group determinants, characters, Fermat quotient, Abelian $p$-ramification, probabilistic number theoryCategories:11F85, 11R04, 20C15, 11C20, 11R37, 11R27, 11Y40

18. CJM Online first

Boden, Hans Ulysses; Curtis, Cynthia L
 The SL$(2, C)$ Casson invariant for knots and the $\hat{A}$-polynomial In this paper, we extend the definition of the ${SL(2, {\mathbb C})}$ Casson invariant to arbitrary knots $K$ in integral homology 3-spheres and relate it to the $m$-degree of the $\widehat{A}$-polynomial of $K$. We prove a product formula for the $\widehat{A}$-polynomial of the connected sum $K_1 \# K_2$ of two knots in $S^3$ and deduce additivity of ${SL(2, {\mathbb C})}$ Casson knot invariant under connected sum for a large class of knots in $S^3$. We also present an example of a nontrivial knot $K$ in $S^3$ with trivial $\widehat{A}$-polynomial and trivial ${SL(2, {\mathbb C})}$ Casson knot invariant, showing that neither of these invariants detect the unknot. Keywords:Knots, 3-manifolds, character variety, Casson invariant, $A$-polynomialCategories:57M27, 57M25, 57M05

19. CJM Online first

Jaffe, Ethan Y.
 Pathological phenomena in Denjoy-Carleman classes Let $\mathcal{C}^M$ denote a Denjoy-Carleman class of $\mathcal{C}^\infty$ functions (for a given logarithmically-convex sequence $M = (M_n)$). We construct: (1) a function in $\mathcal{C}^M((-1,1))$ which is nowhere in any smaller class; (2) a function on $\mathbb{R}$ which is formally $\mathcal{C}^M$ at every point, but not in $\mathcal{C}^M(\mathbb{R})$; (3) (under the assumption of quasianalyticity) a smooth function on $\mathbb{R}^p$ ($p \geq 2$) which is $\mathcal{C}^M$ on every $\mathcal{C}^M$ curve, but not in $\mathcal{C}^M(\mathbb{R}^p)$. Keywords:Denjoy-Carleman classes, quasianalytic functions, quasianalytic curve, arc-quasianalyticCategory:26E10

20. CJM Online first

Demchenko, Oleg; Gurevich, Alexander
 Kernels in the category of formal group laws Fontaine described the category of formal groups over the ring of Witt vectors over a finite field of characteristic $p$ with the aid of triples consisting of the module of logarithms, the DieudonnÃ© module and the morphism from the former to the latter. We propose an explicit construction for the kernels in this category in term of Fontaine's triples. The construction is applied to the formal norm homomorphism in the case of an unramified extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$ and of a totally ramified extension of degree less or equal than $p$. A similar consideration applied to a global extension allows us to establish the existence of a strict isomorphism between the formal norm torus and a formal group law coming from $L$-series. Keywords:formal groups, $p$-divisible groups, Dieudonne modules, norm toriCategory:14L05

21. CJM Online first

Fernández Bretón, David J.
 Strongly Summable Ultrafilters, Union Ultrafilters, and the Trivial Sums Property We answer two questions of Hindman, SteprÄns and Strauss, namely we prove that every strongly summable ultrafilter on an abelian group is sparse and has the trivial sums property. Moreover we show that in most cases the sparseness of the given ultrafilter is a consequence of its being isomorphic to a union ultrafilter. However, this does not happen in all cases: we also construct (assuming Martin's Axiom for countable partial orders, i.e. $\operatorname{cov}(\mathcal{M})=\mathfrak c$), on the Boolean group, a strongly summable ultrafilter that is not additively isomorphic to any union ultrafilter. Keywords:ultrafilter, Stone-Cech compactification, sparse ultrafilter, strongly summable ultrafilter, union ultrafilter, finite sum, additive isomorphism, trivial sums property, Boolean group, abelian groupCategories:03E75, 54D35, 54D80, 05D10, 05A18, 20K99

22. CJM Online first

Aluffi, Paolo; Faber, Eleonore
 Chern classes of splayed intersections We generalize the Chern class relation for the transversal intersection of two nonsingular varieties to a relation for possibly singular varieties, under a splayedness assumption. We show that the relation for the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson classes holds for two splayed hypersurfaces in a nonsingular variety, and under a `strong splayedness' assumption for more general subschemes. Moreover, the relation is shown to hold for the Chern-Fulton classes of any two splayed subschemes. The main tool is a formula for Segre classes of splayed subschemes. We also discuss the Chern class relation under the assumption that one of the varieties is a general very ample divisor. Keywords:splayed intersection, Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class, Chern-Fulton class, splayed blowup, Segre classCategories:14C17, 14J17

23. CJM Online first

da Silva, Genival; Kerr, Matt; Pearlstein, Gregory
 Arithmetic of degenerating principal variations of Hodge structure: examples arising from mirror symmetry and middle convolution We collect evidence in support of a conjecture of Griffiths, Green and Kerr on the arithmetic of extension classes of limiting mixed Hodge structures arising from semistable degenerations over a number field. After briefly summarizing how a result of Iritani implies this conjecture for a collection of hypergeometric Calabi-Yau threefold examples studied by Doran and Morgan, the authors investigate a sequence of (non-hypergeometric) examples in dimensions $1\leq d\leq6$ arising from Katz's theory of the middle convolution. A crucial role is played by the Mumford-Tate group (which is $G_{2}$) of the family of 6-folds, and the theory of boundary components of Mumford-Tate domains. Keywords:variation of Hodge structure, limiting mixed Hodge structure, Calabi-Yau variety, middle convolution, Mumford-Tate groupCategories:14D07, 14M17, 17B45, 20G99, 32M10, 32G20

24. CJM Online first

Runde, Volker; Viselter, Ami
 On positive definiteness over locally compact quantum groups The notion of positive-definite functions over locally compact quantum groups was recently introduced and studied by Daws and Salmi. Based on this work, we generalize various well-known results about positive-definite functions over groups to the quantum framework. Among these are theorems on "square roots" of positive-definite functions, comparison of various topologies, positive-definite measures and characterizations of amenability, and the separation property with respect to compact quantum subgroups. Keywords:bicrossed product, locally compact quantum group, non-commutative $L^p$-space, positive-definite function, positive-definite measure, separation propertyCategories:20G42, 22D25, 43A35, 46L51, 46L52, 46L89

25. CJM Online first

Kawakami, Yu
 Function-theoretic Properties for the Gauss Maps of Various Classes of Surfaces We elucidate the geometric background of function-theoretic properties for the Gauss maps of several classes of immersed surfaces in three-dimensional space forms, for example, minimal surfaces in Euclidean three-space, improper affine spheres in the affine three-space, and constant mean curvature one surfaces and flat surfaces in hyperbolic three-space. To achieve this purpose, we prove an optimal curvature bound for a specified conformal metric on an open Riemann surface and give some applications. We also provide unicity theorems for the Gauss maps of these classes of surfaces. Keywords:Gauss map, minimal surface, constant mean curvature surface, front, ramification, omitted value, the Ahlfors island theorem, unicity theorem.Categories:53C42, 30D35, 30F45, 53A10, 53A15
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