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1. CJM Online first

 The Weak b-principle: Mumford Conjecture In this note we introduce and study a new class of maps called oriented colored broken submersions. This is the simplest class of maps that satisfies a version of the b-principle and in dimension $2$ approximates the class of oriented submersions well in the sense that every oriented colored broken submersion of dimension $2$ to a closed simply connected manifold is bordant to a submersion. We show that the Madsen-Weiss theorem (the standard Mumford Conjecture) fits a general setting of the b-principle. Namely, a version of the b-principle for oriented colored broken submersions together with the Harer stability theorem and Miller-Morita theorem implies the Madsen-Weiss theorem. Keywords:generalized cohomology theories, fold singularities, h-principle, infinite loop spacesCategories:55N20, 53C23

2. CJM Online first

Kaniuth, Eberhard
 The Bochner-Schoenberg-Eberlein property and spectral synthesis for certain Banach algebra products Associated with two commutative Banach algebras $A$ and $B$ and a character $\theta$ of $B$ is a certain Banach algebra product $A\times_\theta B$, which is a splitting extension of $B$ by $A$. We investigate two topics for the algebra $A\times_\theta B$ in relation to the corresponding ones of $A$ and $B$. The first one is the Bochner-Schoenberg-Eberlein property and the algebra of Bochner-Schoenberg-Eberlein functions on the spectrum, whereas the second one concerns the wide range of spectral synthesis problems for $A\times_\theta B$. Keywords:commutative Banach algebra, splitting extension, Gelfand spectrum, set of synthesis, weak spectral set, multiplier algebra, BSE-algebra, BSE-functionCategories:46J10, 46J25, 43A30, 43A45

3. CJM Online first

Carcamo, Cristian; Vidal, Claudio
 Stability of Equilibrium Solutions in Planar Hamiltonian Difference Systems In this paper, we study the stability in the Lyapunov sense of the equilibrium solutions of discrete or difference Hamiltonian systems in the plane. First, we perform a detailed study of linear Hamiltonian systems as a function of the parameters, in particular we analyze the regular and the degenerate cases. Next, we give a detailed study of the normal form associated with the linear Hamiltonian system. At the same time we obtain the conditions under which we can get stability (in linear approximation) of the equilibrium solution, classifying all the possible phase diagrams as a function of the parameters. After that, we study the stability of the equilibrium solutions of the first order difference system in the plane associated to mechanical Hamiltonian system and Hamiltonian system defined by cubic polynomials. Finally, important differences with the continuous case are pointed out. Keywords:difference equations, Hamiltonian systems, stability in the Lyapunov senseCategories:34D20, 34E10

4. CJM Online first

Charlesworth, Ian; Nelson, Brent; Skoufranis, Paul
 On two-faced families of non-commutative random variables We demonstrate that the notions of bi-free independence and combinatorial-bi-free independence of two-faced families are equivalent using a diagrammatic view of bi-non-crossing partitions. These diagrams produce an operator model on a Fock space suitable for representing any two-faced family of non-commutative random variables. Furthermore, using a Kreweras complement on bi-non-crossing partitions we establish the expected formulas for the multiplicative convolution of a bi-free pair of two-faced families. Keywords:free probability, operator algebras, bi-freeCategory:46L54

5. CJM Online first

Amini, Massoud; Elliott, George A.; Golestani, Nasser
 The Category of Bratteli Diagrams A category structure for Bratteli diagrams is proposed and a functor from the category of AF algebras to the category of Bratteli diagrams is constructed. Since isomorphism of Bratteli diagrams in this category coincides with Bratteli's notion of equivalence, we obtain in particular a functorial formulation of Bratteli's classification of AF algebras (and at the same time, of Glimm's classification of UHF~algebras). It is shown that the three approaches to classification of AF~algebras, namely, through Bratteli diagrams, K-theory, and abstract classifying categories, are essentially the same from a categorical point of view. Keywords:C$^{*}$-algebra, category, functor, AF algebra, dimension group, Bratteli diagramCategories:46L05, 46L35, 46M15

6. CJM Online first

Takeda, Shuichiro
 Metaplectic Tensor Products for Automorphic Representation of $\widetilde{GL}(r)$ Let $M=\operatorname{GL}_{r_1}\times\cdots\times\operatorname{GL}_{r_k}\subseteq\operatorname{GL}_r$ be a Levi subgroup of $\operatorname{GL}_r$, where $r=r_1+\cdots+r_k$, and $\widetilde{M}$ its metaplectic preimage in the $n$-fold metaplectic cover $\widetilde{\operatorname{GL}}_r$ of $\operatorname{GL}_r$. For automorphic representations $\pi_1,\dots,\pi_k$ of $\widetilde{\operatorname{GL}}_{r_1}(\mathbb{A}),\dots,\widetilde{\operatorname{GL}}_{r_k}(\mathbb{A})$, we construct (under a certain technical assumption, which is always satisfied when $n=2$) an automorphic representation $\pi$ of $\widetilde{M}(\mathbb{A})$ which can be considered as the tensor product'' of the representations $\pi_1,\dots,\pi_k$. This is the global analogue of the metaplectic tensor product defined by P. Mezo in the sense that locally at each place $v$, $\pi_v$ is equivalent to the local metaplectic tensor product of $\pi_{1,v},\dots,\pi_{k,v}$ defined by Mezo. Then we show that if all of $\pi_i$ are cuspidal (resp. square-integrable modulo center), then the metaplectic tensor product is cuspidal (resp. square-integrable modulo center). We also show that (both locally and globally) the metaplectic tensor product behaves in the expected way under the action of a Weyl group element, and show the compatibility with parabolic inductions. Keywords:automorphic forms, representations of covering groupsCategory:11F70

7. CJM Online first

Bonfanti, Matteo Alfonso; van Geemen,
 Abelian Surfaces with an Automorphism and Quaternionic Multiplication We construct one dimensional families of Abelian surfaces with quaternionic multiplication which also have an automorphism of order three or four. Using Barth's description of the moduli space of $(2,4)$-polarized Abelian surfaces, we find the Shimura curve parametrizing these Abelian surfaces in a specific case. We explicitly relate these surfaces to the Jacobians of genus two curves studied by Hashimoto and Murabayashi. We also describe a (Humbert) surface in Barth's moduli space which parametrizes Abelian surfaces with real multiplication by $\mathbf{Z}[\sqrt{2}]$. Keywords:abelian surfaces, moduli, shimura curvesCategories:14K10, 11G10, 14K20

8. CJM Online first

Carey, Alan L; Gayral, Victor; Phillips, John; Rennie, Adam; Sukochev, Fedor
 Spectral flow for nonunital spectral triples We prove two results about nonunital index theory left open in a previous paper. The first is that the spectral triple arising from an action of the reals on a $C^*$-algebra with invariant trace satisfies the hypotheses of the nonunital local index formula. The second result concerns the meaning of spectral flow in the nonunital case. For the special case of paths arising from the odd index pairing for smooth spectral triples in the nonunital setting we are able to connect with earlier approaches to the analytic definition of spectral flow. Keywords:spectral triple, spectral flow, local index theoremCategory:46H30

9. CJM Online first

Pan, Ivan Edgardo; Simis, Aron
 Cremona Maps of de JonquiÃ¨res Type This paper is concerned with suitable generalizations of a plane de JonquiÃ¨res map to higher dimensional space $\mathbb{P}^n$ with $n\geq 3$. For each given point of $\mathbb{P}^n$ there is a subgroup of the entire Cremona group of dimension $n$ consisting of such maps. One studies both geometric and group-theoretical properties of this notion. In the case where $n=3$ one describes an explicit set of generators of the group and gives a homological characterization of a basic subgroup thereof. Keywords:Cremona map, de JonquiÃ¨res map, Cremona group, minimal free resolutionCategories:14E05, 13D02, 13H10, 14E07, 14M05, 14M25

10. CJM Online first

Agler, Jim; McCarthy,
 Global holomorphic functions in several noncommuting variables We define a free holomorphic function to be a function that is locally, with respect to the free topology, a bounded nc-function. We prove that free holomorphic functions are the functions that are locally uniformly approximable by free polynomials. We prove a realization formula and an Oka-Weil theorem for free analytic functions. Keywords:noncommutative analysis, free holomorphic functionsCategory:15A54

11. CJM 2014 (vol 67 pp. 152)

Lescop, Christine
 On Homotopy Invariants of Combings of Three-manifolds Combings of compact, oriented $3$-dimensional manifolds $M$ are homotopy classes of nowhere vanishing vector fields. The Euler class of the normal bundle is an invariant of the combing, and it only depends on the underlying Spin$^c$-structure. A combing is called torsion if this Euler class is a torsion element of $H^2(M;\mathbb Z)$. Gompf introduced a $\mathbb Q$-valued invariant $\theta_G$ of torsion combings on closed $3$-manifolds, and he showed that $\theta_G$ distinguishes all torsion combings with the same Spin$^c$-structure. We give an alternative definition for $\theta_G$ and we express its variation as a linking number. We define a similar invariant $p_1$ of combings for manifolds bounded by $S^2$. We relate $p_1$ to the $\Theta$-invariant, which is the simplest configuration space integral invariant of rational homology $3$-balls, by the formula $\Theta=\frac14p_1 + 6 \lambda(\hat{M})$ where $\lambda$ is the Casson-Walker invariant. The article also includes a self-contained presentation of combings for $3$-manifolds. Keywords:Spin$^c$-structure, nowhere zero vector fields, first Pontrjagin class, Euler class, Heegaard Floer homology grading, Gompf invariant, Theta invariant, Casson-Walker invariant, perturbative expansion of Chern-Simons theory, configuration space integralsCategories:57M27, 57R20, 57N10

12. CJM Online first

Hua, Jiajie; Lin, Huaxin
 Rotation algebras and the Exel trace formula We found that if $u$ and $v$ are any two unitaries in a unital $C^*$-algebra with $\|uv-vu\|\lt 2$ and $uvu^*v^*$ commutes with $u$ and $v,$ then the $C^*$-subalgebra $A_{u,v}$ generated by $u$ and $v$ is isomorphic to a quotient of some rotation algebra $A_\theta$ provided that $A_{u,v}$ has a unique tracial state. We also found that the Exel trace formula holds in any unital $C^*$-algebra. Let $\theta\in (-1/2, 1/2)$ be a real number. We prove the following: For any $\epsilon\gt 0,$ there exists $\delta\gt 0$ satisfying the following: if $u$ and $v$ are two unitaries in any unital simple $C^*$-algebra $A$ with tracial rank zero such that $\|uv-e^{2\pi i\theta}vu\|\lt \delta \text{ and } {1\over{2\pi i}}\tau(\log(uvu^*v^*))=\theta,$ for all tracial state $\tau$ of $A,$ then there exists a pair of unitaries $\tilde{u}$ and $\tilde{v}$ in $A$ such that $\tilde{u}\tilde{v}=e^{2\pi i\theta} \tilde{v}\tilde{u},\,\, \|u-\tilde{u}\|\lt \epsilon \text{ and } \|v-\tilde{v}\|\lt \epsilon.$ Keywords:rotation algebras, Exel trace formulaCategory:46L05

13. CJM Online first

an Huef, Astrid; Archbold, Robert John
 The C*-algebras of Compact Transformation Groups We investigate the representation theory of the crossed-product $C^*$-algebra associated to a compact group $G$ acting on a locally compact space $X$ when the stability subgroups vary discontinuously. Our main result applies when $G$ has a principal stability subgroup or $X$ is locally of finite $G$-orbit type. Then the upper multiplicity of the representation of the crossed product induced from an irreducible representation $V$ of a stability subgroup is obtained by restricting $V$ to a certain closed subgroup of the stability subgroup and taking the maximum of the multiplicities of the irreducible summands occurring in the restriction of $V$. As a corollary we obtain that when the trivial subgroup is a principal stability subgroup, the crossed product is a Fell algebra if and only if every stability subgroup is abelian. A second corollary is that the $C^*$-algebra of the motion group $\mathbb{R}^n\rtimes \operatorname{SO}(n)$ is a Fell algebra. This uses the classical branching theorem for the special orthogonal group $\operatorname{SO}(n)$ with respect to $\operatorname{SO}(n-1)$. Since proper transformation groups are locally induced from the actions of compact groups, we describe how some of our results can be extended to transformation groups that are locally proper. Keywords:compact transformation group, proper action, spectrum of a C*-algebra, multiplicity of a representation, crossed-product C*-algebra, continuous-trace C*-algebra, Fell algebraCategories:46L05, 46L55

14. CJM Online first

Ashraf, Samia; Azam, Haniya; Berceanu, Barbu
 Representation stability of power sets and square free polynomials The symmetric group $\mathcal{S}_n$ acts on the power set $\mathcal{P}(n)$ and also on the set of square free polynomials in $n$ variables. These two related representations are analyzed from the stability point of view. An application is given for the action of the symmetric group on the cohomology of the pure braid group. Keywords:symmetric group modules, square free polynomials, representation stability, Arnold algebraCategories:20C30, 13A50, 20F36, 55R80

15. CJM Online first

Cao, Jun; Jiang, Renjin; Yang, Dachun; Zhang, Junqiang
 Non-tangential Maximal Function Characterizations of Hardy Spaces Associated with Degenerate Elliptic Operators Let $w$ be either in the Muckenhoupt class of $A_2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ weights or in the class of $QC(\mathbb{R}^n)$ weights, and $L_w:=-w^{-1}\mathop{\mathrm{div}}(A\nabla)$ the degenerate elliptic operator on the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\ge 2$. In this article, the authors establish the non-tangential maximal function characterization of the Hardy space $H_{L_w}^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ associated with $L_w$ for $p\in (0,1]$ and, when $p\in (\frac{n}{n+1},1]$ and $w\in A_{q_0}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with $q_0\in[1,\frac{p(n+1)}n)$, the authors prove that the associated Riesz transform $\nabla L_w^{-1/2}$ is bounded from $H_{L_w}^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ to the weighted classical Hardy space $H_w^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$. Keywords:degenerate elliptic operator, Hardy space, square function, maximal function, molecule, Riesz transformCategories:42B30, 42B35, 35J70

16. CJM Online first

Drappeau, Sary
 Sommes friables d'exponentielles et applications An integer is said to be $y$-friable if its greatest prime factor is less than $y$. In this paper, we obtain estimates for exponential sums over $y$-friable numbers up to $x$ which are non-trivial when $y \geq \exp\{c \sqrt{\log x} \log \log x\}$. As a consequence, we obtain an asymptotic formula for the number of $y$-friable solutions to the equation $a+b=c$ which is valid unconditionnally under the same assumption. We use a contour integration argument based on the saddle point method, as developped in the context of friable numbers by Hildebrand and Tenenbaum, and used by Lagarias, Soundararajan and Harper to study exponential and character sums over friable numbers. Keywords:thÃ©orie analytique des nombres, entiers friables, mÃ©thode du colCategories:12N25, 11L07

17. CJM Online first

Graham, Robert; Pichot, Mikael
 A Free Product Formula for the Sofic Dimension It is proved that if $G=G_1*_{G_3}G_2$ is free product of probability measure preserving $s$-regular ergodic discrete groupoids amalgamated over an amenable subgroupoid $G_3$, then the sofic dimension $s(G)$ satisfies the equality $s(G)=\mathfrak{h}(G_1^0)s(G_1)+\mathfrak{h}(G_2^0)s(G_2)-\mathfrak{h}(G_3^0)s(G_3)$ where $\mathfrak{h}$ is the normalized Haar measure on $G$. Keywords:sofic groups, dynamical systems, orbit equivalence, free entropyCategory:20E06

18. CJM Online first

Brugallé, Erwan; Shaw, Kristin
 Obstructions to Approximating Tropical Curves in Surfaces Via Intersection Theory We provide some new local obstructions to approximating tropical curves in smooth tropical surfaces. These obstructions are based on a relation between tropical and complex intersection theories which is also established here. We give two applications of the methods developed in this paper. First we classify all locally irreducible approximable 3-valent fan tropical curves in a fan tropical plane. Secondly, we prove that a generic non-singular tropical surface in tropical projective 3-space contains finitely many approximable tropical lines if it is of degree 3, and contains no approximable tropical lines if it is of degree 4 or more. Keywords:tropical geometry, amoebas, approximation of tropical varieties, intersection theoryCategories:14T05, 14M25

19. CJM Online first

Roth, Oliver
 Pontryagin's maximum principle for the Loewner equation in higher dimensions In this paper we develop a variational method for the Loewner equation in higher dimensions. As a result we obtain a version of Pontryagin's maximum principle from optimal control theory for the Loewner equation in several complex variables. Based on recent work of Arosio, Bracci and Wold, we then apply our version of the Pontryagin maximum principle to obtain first-order necessary conditions for the extremal mappings for a wide class of extremal problems over the set of normalized biholomorphic mappings on the unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^n$. Keywords:univalent function, Loewner's equationCategories:32H02, 30C55, 49K15

20. CJM Online first

Ducrot, Arnaud; Magal, Pierre; Seydi, Ousmane
 A Finite-time Condition for Exponential Trichotomy in Infinite Dynamical Systems In this article we study exponential trichotomy for infinite dimensional discrete time dynamical systems. The goal of this article is to prove that finite time exponential trichotomy conditions allow to derive exponential trichotomy for any times. We present an application to the case of pseudo orbits in some neighborhood of a normally hyperbolic set. Keywords:exponential trichotomy, exponential dichotomy, discrete time dynamical systems, difference equationsCategories:34D09, 34A10

21. CJM Online first

Elliott, George A.; Niu, Zhuang
 All Irrational Extended Rotation Algebras are AF Algebras Let $\theta\in[0, 1]$ be any irrational number. It is shown that the extended rotation algebra $\mathcal B_\theta$ introduced in a previous paper is always an AF algebra. Keywords:irrational rotation algebra, extended irrational rotation algebra, AF-embedding

22. CJM Online first

Zhang, Tong
 Geography of Irregular Gorenstein 3-folds In this paper, we study the explicit geography problem of irregular Gorenstein minimal 3-folds of general type. We generalize the classical Noether-Castelnuovo type inequalities for irregular surfaces to irregular 3-folds according to the Albanese dimension. Keywords:3-fold, geography, irregular varietyCategory:14J30

23. CJM 2014 (vol 66 pp. 1201)

Adler, Jeffrey D.; Lansky, Joshua M.
 Lifting Representations of Finite Reductive Groups I: Semisimple Conjugacy Classes Suppose that $\tilde{G}$ is a connected reductive group defined over a field $k$, and $\Gamma$ is a finite group acting via $k$-automorphisms of $\tilde{G}$ satisfying a certain quasi-semisimplicity condition. Then the identity component of the group of $\Gamma$-fixed points in $\tilde{G}$ is reductive. We axiomatize the main features of the relationship between this fixed-point group and the pair $(\tilde{G},\Gamma)$, and consider any group $G$ satisfying the axioms. If both $\tilde{G}$ and $G$ are $k$-quasisplit, then we can consider their duals $\tilde{G}^*$ and $G^*$. We show the existence of and give an explicit formula for a natural map from the set of semisimple stable conjugacy classes in $G^*(k)$ to the analogous set for $\tilde{G}^*(k)$. If $k$ is finite, then our groups are automatically quasisplit, and our result specializes to give a map of semisimple conjugacy classes. Since such classes parametrize packets of irreducible representations of $G(k)$ and $\tilde{G}(k)$, one obtains a mapping of such packets. Keywords:reductive group, lifting, conjugacy class, representation, Lusztig seriesCategories:20G15, 20G40, 20C33, 22E35

24. CJM Online first

Mok, Chung Pang; Tan, Fucheng
 Overconvergent Families of Siegel-Hilbert Modular Forms We construct one-parameter families of overconvergent Siegel-Hilbert modular forms. This result has applications to construction of Galois representations for automorphic forms of non-cohomological weights. Keywords:p-adic automorphic form, rigid analytic geometryCategories:11F46, 14G22

25. CJM Online first

Köck, Bernhard; Tait, Joseph
 Faithfulness of Actions on Riemann-Roch Spaces Given a faithful action of a finite group $G$ on an algebraic curve~$X$ of genus $g_X\geq 2$, we give explicit criteria for the induced action of~$G$ on the Riemann-Roch space~$H^0(X,\mathcal{O}_X(D))$ to be faithful, where $D$ is a $G$-invariant divisor on $X$ of degree at least~$2g_X-2$. This leads to a concise answer to the question when the action of~$G$ on the space~$H^0(X, \Omega_X^{\otimes m})$ of global holomorphic polydifferentials of order $m$ is faithful. If $X$ is hyperelliptic, we furthermore provide an explicit basis of~$H^0(X, \Omega_X^{\otimes m})$. Finally, we give applications in deformation theory and in coding theory and we discuss the analogous problem for the action of~$G$ on the first homology $H_1(X, \mathbb{Z}/m\mathbb{Z})$ if $X$ is a Riemann surface. Keywords:faithful action, Riemann-Roch space, polydifferential, hyperelliptic curve, equivariant deformation theory, Goppa code, homologyCategories:14H30, 30F30, 14L30, 14D15, 11R32
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