The first main result of the paper is a criterion for a partially commutative group $\mathbb G$ to be a domain. It allows us to reduce the study of algebraic sets over $\mathbb G$ to the study of irreducible algebraic sets, and reduce the elementary theory of $\mathbb G$ (of a coordinate group over $\mathbb G$) to the elementary theories of the direct factors of $\mathbb G$ (to the elementary theory of coordinate groups of irreducible algebraic sets). Then we establish normal forms for quantifier-free formulas over a non-abelian directly indecomposable partially commutative group $\mathbb H$. Analogously to the case of free groups, we introduce the notion of a generalised equation and prove that the positive theory of $\mathbb H$ has quantifier elimination and that arbitrary first-order formulas lift from $\mathbb H$ to $\mathbb H\ast F$, where $F$ is a free group of finite rank. As a consequence, the positive theory of an arbitrary partially commutative group is decidable.

We describe a noncommutative deformation theory for presheaves and sheaves of modules that generalizes the commutative deformation theory of these global algebraic structures and the noncommutative deformation theory of modules over algebras due to Laudal. In the first part of the paper, we describe a noncommutative deformation functor for presheaves of modules on a small category and an obstruction theory for this functor in terms of global Hochschild cohomology. An important feature of this obstruction theory is that it can be computed in concrete terms in many interesting cases. In the last part of the paper, we describe a noncommutative deformation functor for quasi-coherent sheaves of modules on a ringed space $(X,\mathcal{A})$. We show that for any good $\mathcal{A}$-affine open cover $\mathsf{U}$ of $X$, the forgetful functor $\mathsf{QCoh}\mathcal{A} \to \mathsf{PreSh}(\mathsf{U}, \mathcal{A})$ induces an isomorphism of noncommutative deformation functors. Applications. We consider noncommutative deformations of quasi-coherent $\mathcal{A}$-modules on $X$ when $(X, \mathcal{A}) = (X, \mathcal{O}_X)$ is a scheme or $(X, \mathcal{A}) = (X, \mathcal{D})$ is a D-scheme in the sense of Beilinson and Bernstein. In these cases, we may use any open affine cover of $X$ closed under finite intersections to compute noncommutative deformations in concrete terms using presheaf methods. We compute the noncommutative deformations of the left $\mathcal{D}_X$-module $\mathcal{D}_X$ when $X$ is an elliptic curve as an example.

This paper answers a question of Broomhead, Montaldi and Sidorov about the existence of gaskets of a particular type related to the Sierpiński sieve. These gaskets are given by iterated function systems that do not satisfy the open set condition. We use the methods of Ngai and Wang to compute the dimension of these gaskets.

We give explicit formulas for Whittaker functions on real semisimple Lie groups of real rank two belonging to the class one principal series representations. By using these formulas we compute certain archimedean zeta integrals.

An x-pseudopower to base g is a positive integer that is not a power of g, yet is so modulo p for all primes $ple x$. We improve an upper bound for the least such number, due to E.~Bach, R.~Lukes, J.~Shallit, and H.~C.~Williams. The method is based on a combination of some bounds of exponential sums with new results about the average behaviour of the multiplicative order of g modulo prime numbers.

A characterization of the Banach spaces of type $C(K)$ that admit an equivalent locally uniformly rotund norm is obtained, and a method to apply it to concrete spaces is developed. As an application the existence of such renorming is deduced when $K$ is a Namioka--Phelps compact or for some particular class of Rosenthal compacta, results which were originally proved with ad hoc methods.

We show that the bicategory of (representable) orbifolds and good maps is equivalent to the bicategory of orbifold translation groupoids and generalized equivariant maps, giving a mechanism for transferring results from equivariant homotopy theory to the orbifold category. As an application, we use this result to define orbifold versions of a couple of equivariant cohomology theories: K-theory and Bredon cohomology for certain coefficient diagrams.

Let $K$ denote a compact real symmetric subset of $\mathbb{C}$ and let $A_{\mathbb R}(K)$ denote the real Banach algebra of all real symmetric continuous functions on $K$ that are analytic in the interior $K^\circ$ of $K$, endowed with the supremum norm. We characterize all unimodular pairs $(f,g)$ in $A_{\mathbb R}(K)^2$ which are reducible. In addition, for an arbitrary compact $K$ in $\mathbb C$, we give a new proof (not relying on Banach algebra theory or elementary stable rank techniques) of the fact that the Bass stable rank of $A(K)$ is $1$. Finally, we also characterize all compact real symmetric sets $K$ such that $A_{\mathbb R}(K)$, respectively $C_{\mathbb R}(K)$, has Bass stable rank $1$.

In this paper we study the supersingular locus of the reduction modulo $p$ of the Shimura variety for $GU(1,s)$ in the case of an inert prime $p$. Using Dieudonné theory we define a stratification of the corresponding moduli space of $p$-divisible groups. We describe the incidence relation of this stratification in terms of the Bruhat--Tits building of a unitary group. In the case of $GU(1,2)$, we show that the supersingular locus is equidimensional of dimension 1 and is of complete intersection. We give an explicit description of the irreducible components and their intersection behaviour.