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# Small Coverings with Smooth Functions under the Covering Property Axiom

Published:2005-06-01
Printed: Jun 2005
• Krzysztof Ciesielski
• Janusz Pawlikowski
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## Abstract

In the paper we formulate a Covering Property Axiom, \psmP, which holds in the iterated perfect set model, and show that it implies the following facts, of which (a) and (b) are the generalizations of results of J. Stepr\={a}ns. \begin{compactenum}[\rm(a)~~] \item There exists a family $\F$ of less than continuum many $\C^1$ functions from $\real$ to $\real$ such that $\real^2$ is covered by functions from $\F$, in the sense that for every $\la x,y\ra\in\real^2$ there exists an $f\in\F$ such that either $f(x)=y$ or $f(y)=x$. \item For every Borel function $f\colon\real\to\real$ there exists a family $\F$ of less than continuum many $\C^1$'' functions ({\em i.e.,} differentiable functions with continuous derivatives, where derivative can be infinite) whose graphs cover the graph of $f$. \item For every $n>0$ and a $D^n$ function $f\colon\real\to\real$ there exists a family $\F$ of less than continuum many $\C^n$ functions whose graphs cover the graph of $f$. \end{compactenum} We also provide the examples showing that in the above properties the smoothness conditions are the best possible. Parts (b), (c), and the examples are closely related to work of A. Olevski\v{\i}.
 Keywords: continuous, smooth, covering
 MSC Classifications: 26A24 - Differentiation (functions of one variable): general theory, generalized derivatives, mean-value theorems [See also 28A15] 03E35 - Consistency and independence results

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